Triple Antibiotic Paste Group Research Articles

Bactericidal Effect of Triple Antibiotic Paste against Enterococcus faecalis in Dentinal Tubules: An Ex Vivo Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in dentinal tubules using a bacterial culture assay and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Ninety human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and randomly allocated into 5 groups; the negative control (without TAP), 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml TAP (n=18). After a 3-week TAP treatment, samples were collected from the root canal space, root dentin at 100-μm and 200-μm depth. The collected samples were subjected to a bacterial culture assay (n=10). Eight roots from each group underwent CLSM analysis to determine the live/dead bacterial cells. The bacterial culture assay results indicated that the negative control samples were all culturable. The number of culture-positive samples decreased after TAP treatment at 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml, with 2, 2, 1 and 0 culturable samples, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the TAP treatments. Surprisingly, the CLSM analysis demonstrated live bacteria in the dentinal tubules in all samples. The negative control had 52.36%+-3.24 live bacteria. TAP treatment at 10 mg/ml had the lowest percentage of live bacterial cells (40.58%+-5.40), followed by 7.5 mg/ml (44.14%+-6.03), 5 mg/ml (46.31%+-5.32) and 1 mg/ml (52.55%+-8.82). The percentage of live cells in the 10 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml TAP groups were significantly lower than the 1 mg/ml TAP and negative control groups. TAP treatment significantly decreased the percentage of viable E. faecalis cells in the dentinal tubules and its bactericidal effect was dose-dependent.

Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Bromelain Paste As Intracanal Medicament Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In-Vivo Study.

Introduction Microorganisms are pivotal contributors to pulp and periapical pathology, often culminating in endodontic treatment failures. The successful outcome of such treatment hinges on the effective eradication of microbial flora through various interventions, including intracanal medicaments (ICMs). However, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a highly adaptive Gram-positive bacterium, exhibits remarkable resilience and can persist even after rigorous disinfection efforts. This study explores the efficacy of two ICMs, calcium hydroxide-based triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and a novel alternative containing bromelain, derived from pineapples, in combating E. faecalis infections in vivo. Methodology This in-vivo study was conducted at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, India, and ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. The sample size was calculated using the OpenEpi program (version 3.04.04, Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, www.OpenEpi.com), resulting in 15 participants per group. Inclusion criteria encompassed mandibular premolars with carious involvement but no prior restorations, diagnosed with necrotic or infected pulp, and no significant medical history. Exclusion criteria included systemic conditions, pregnancy, retreatment cases, recent antibiotic therapy, calcified canals, and other contraindications. After proper patient consent, access opening and chemomechanical preparation were performed, and root canals (RCs) were randomly divided into two groups: TAP and bromelain paste (BP). TAP was prepared using ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline, while BP comprised bromelain powder mixed with saline. Both groups received intracanal medicaments, followed by temporary sealing. Microbiological samples were collected before and after treatment for analysis. Results E. faecalis count (CFU/mL) before instrumentation for the TAP group was (1.94 x 105[Formula: see text] 7.45 x 103) and for BP group was(1.97 x 105[Formula: see text] 7.70 x 103) with p-value 0.26[Formula: see text] p=0.05, so no significant difference was found between them.E. faecalis count (CFU/mL) after instrumentation for the TAP group was (7.70 x 103 [Formula: see text] 9.11 x 102) and for the BP group was(7.26 x 103 [Formula: see text] 8.43 x 102) with p-value 0.18 [Formula: see text] p=0.05, so no significant difference was found between them. However, the E. faecalis count obtained after seven days of intracanal medicament for the TAP group was (3.63 x 101 [Formula: see text] 5.60) and for the BP group was(3.13 x 101 [Formula: see text] 4.55) with p-value 0.012 < p=0.05, so a significant difference was found between them. This means that when compared with the TAP group, there was a greater amount of reduction in E. faecalis count (CFU/mL) for the BP group seven days after the placement of intracanal medicament, and this reduction was statistically significant. Conclusion This in-vivo study highlights the potential of BP as a more effective intracanal medicament against E. faecalis when compared to the conventional TAP. Bromelain's selectivity for Gram-positive bacteria and its diverse therapeutic properties make it a promising natural alternative for endodontic treatment. Further research is warranted to optimize bromelain's clinical application and assess its potential to enhance endodontic outcomes, potentially revolutionizing the field of endodontics.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Intratubular Radicular Dentin Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and Nitrofurantoin.

The aim of this study is to assess and analyze the intratubular penetration of the intracanal medications nitrofurantoin (Nit), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and calcium hydroxide (CH). Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were acquired and decoronated to a standard length of 15 mm. To prepare specimens up to size F3, rotary ProTaper instrumentation was employed. The prepared teeth were divided into three groups, each of which received one of the tested intracanal medicaments: Group I (calcium hydroxide), Group II (triple antibiotic paste), and Group III (nitrofurantoin). Using a size #30 Lentulo spiral, a freshly prepared therapeutic paste was placed into the canals, and the intracanal medicaments were allowed to set in the incubator at 100% humidity. The samples were subsequently sliced perpendicularly to their long axis using a precision saw and assessed under a scanning electron microscope to assess the depth of penetration of intracanal medicaments at the coronal, middle, and apical portions of the root canal dentin. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the experimental groups in the quantity and depth of sealer penetration (p < 0.05). In particular, as compared to the Nit group, both the CH and TAP groups had significantly smaller penetration areas (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this ongoing investigation indicates that nitrofurantoin penetrated dentinal tubules better than calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste.

Stevia vs. triple antibiotic paste: An intracanal battle?

Intracanal medicaments are vital in treating the infections of the deciduous dentition due to the large percentage of accessory canals that hasten the microbial spread to the periradicular region. Though countless medicaments have been produced to reduce the microbial load and aid symptomatic relief, they still do not fulfill every function of an ideal medicament. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The present in vitro, parallel, double-blinded study had an equal allocation ratio. The specimens were prepared, randomly divided into 4 groups and inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC35550). Following incubation, the first 3 groups were treated with S. rebaudiana, triple antibiotic therapy or carbopol gel, respectively, with the 4th negative control group left untreated. The microbial samples were collected before and after treatment, and the counts of colony-forming units (CFUs) were compared. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post-hoc and Wilcoxon's signed rank tests. The first 2 groups displayed a significant decrease in CFUs after drug application, while the carbopol and control groups showed an exponential increase. There was no statistically significant difference between the stevia and TAP groups (p = 0.630). Stevia gel was comparable to TAP in terms of antimicrobial efficacy, and can therefore be considered a new alternative in intracanal treatment.

Efficacy of propolis and triple antibiotic paste as intra-canal medicaments for revascularisation of immature teeth in dogs: a comparative study.

Revascularisation is a therapeutic approach for treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp. The conventional protocol includes application of triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of propolis and TAP as intra-canal medicaments for revascularisation of immature teeth in dogs. This study was conducted on 20 immature (open-apex) canine teeth in mixed breaded dogs. First, the teeth were exposed to oral environment, followed by intra-canal cleaning and shaping 2weeks later.. The teeth were divided into two groups. The TAP group received paste comprising of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline (at a concentration of 100µg/mL), while propolis (15% w/v) was used in the other group. The revascularisation procedure was done by means of sodium hypochlorite, EDTA and distilled water as final irrigant. After dehumidifying and induction of bleeding, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied At 6-month follow-up, radiographs were evaluated by two observers regarding root length and thickness, intra-canal calcification, periapical lesions, and apex formation. Data were analysed by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. There was no significant difference between the TAP and propolis groups in root length or root thickness increase, calcification, related lesions, or apex formation (P > 0.05). Findings of the present study in experimental animals revealed that the efficacy of propolis as an intra-canal medicament is comparable to that of triple antibiotic paste for revascularisation therapy.

Outcome of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth Using 2 Intracanal Medications: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study

IntroductionThis randomized clinical trial aimed to assess and compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in treating nonvital immature permanent teeth using 2 intracanal medicaments. MethodsForty-five patients yielding a total of 50 anterior and posterior nonvital immature teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups. REPs using either nonsetting calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) (n = 25) or modified triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (n = 25) as intracanal medicaments were performed. NeoMTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc) was applied for coronal sealing. Cases were followed up clinically and radiographically for 36 months. The survival rate, success rate, and clinical outcome measures were analyzed. Preoperative and recall radiographs were evaluated for dimensional changes in root length, dentin thickness, apical diameter, and periapical radiolucency. ResultsAt the 36-month follow-up, the success and survival rates were 81.6% and 100%, respectively, in which 79.4% of cases showed complete resolution of periapical radiolucency with no significant difference between the nonsetting Ca(OH)2 and modified TAP groups (P > .050). The cumulative changes in root length, root dentin thickness, and apical diameter throughout the study period were observed in 47.9%, 77.1%, and 89.6% of cases, respectively, with no significant differences between groups (P ≥ .39). Intracanal calcifications were detected in 60% of cases with no significant difference between groups (P = .77). ConclusionsREPs, using either nonsetting Ca(OH)2 or modified TAP as the intracanal medicament, exhibited high success and survival rates over a follow-up period of 36 months with equally favorable clinical and radiographic outcome data.

Effect of triple antibiotic paste on the bond strength of epoxy and methacrylate resin-based sealers to root canal dentin.

Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) as an endodontic intracanal medicament on the bond strength of epoxy and methacrylate resin-based sealers to root canal dentin.Materials and Methods:In this in vitro study, 80 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper rotary system. The specimens were randomly divided into a control group (without intracanal dressing) and an experimental group receiving TAP (n = 40). The intracanal dressing was removed after 3 weeks. Then, samples of each group were randomly divided into four subgroups (n = 10) and obturated with gutta-percha and different resin-based sealers. G1: AH Plus, G2: Syntex, G3: EndoREZ, and G4: MetaSEAL. After 1 week, 16 slices of 1 ± 0.1 mm thickness were obtained from the midroots of teeth in each subgroup, and a push-out test was used to measure the bond strength. Slices were examined using a stereomicroscope at 30 × to determine the mode of failure. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results:Compared to control group, TAP significantly increased the bond strength of MetaSEAL and EndoREZ (P < 0.05). In the control group, epoxy resin-based sealers showed higher bond strength compared to methacrylate ones (P = 0.00). In TAP group, Syntex and EndoREZ showed significantly the greatest and the lowest bond strengths, respectively, (P < 0.05). The analysis of failure modes revealed a predominance of mixed failures in all groups except for Syntex group in which most failures were cohesive.Conclusions:TAP significantly increased the bond strength of methacrylate resin-based sealers.

Spectrophotometric analysis of internal bleaching of traumatized teeth with coronal discoloration following regenerative endodontic procedures

Aim: The objective of this study was to describe a case series concerning internal bleaching of anterior traumatized teeth that underwent regenerative endodontic procedures (REP). Methods: Seven non-vital maxillary anterior teeth discolored after regenerative endodontic procedures were included and divided into two groups according to the medication protocol used in the REP: (1) Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) group (n=4); (2) Calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel (HC+CHX) (n=3). The bleaching technique used was walking bleach, where sodium perborate associated with distilled water was used. Bleaching agent was replaced weekly until the darkened tooth was slightly lighter than the adjacent tooth. The color was recorded with the aid of a digital spectrophotometer in two moments (T1: prior the first session of bleaching, T2: fourteen days after the last session of bleaching). The change in color after the procedure (ΔE) was calculated and reported in a descriptive analysis. Results: The ΔE for all teeth showed color differences exceeding the perceptibility threshold (ΔE &gt; 3.7). Both groups showed similar ΔE (TAP: 18.3 ± 11.5; HC+CHX: 14 ± 11.2) at the end of the treatment. The average number of sessions needed to achieve satisfactory results was 1.7 ± 0.6 for HC+CHX group and 2.3 ± 0.5 for TAP group. Conclusion: Internal bleaching with sodium perborate associated with distilled water is effective in treating discolored teeth after regenerative endodontic procedures.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament in Young Permanent Teeth: An In Vivo Study.

Aim and objectiveTo evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and propolis extracts as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth.Materials and methodsA total of 30 single-rooted non-vital young permanent teeth with open apex were selected randomly from the children aged between 7 years and 14 years with no systemic complications. Group I—triple antibiotic paste and group II be propolis allocating 15 teeth in each group. After access opening, the first sample (S1) was collected by inserting paper point into the root canal, the second sample (S2) was collected immediately after irrigation, and the third sample (S3) was collected after post-intracanal medication after 3–4 weeks. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis to assess the bacterial count, and for the obtained data, statistical analysis was done.ResultsThe mean colony count among the triple antibiotic paste group was 1906.75. After access opening, which was reduced to 315.12 after irrigation, and after 3–4 weeks, it was 817.25. There was a significant difference between sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3 (p value = 0.008). The mean colony count among the propolis group was 1427.87 after access opening, which was reduced to 436.00 after irrigation, and after 3–4 weeks, it has reduced to 252.37. There was a significant difference between sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3 (p value = 0.032). Intergroup comparison between the groups showed no statistical difference between the samples.ConclusionPropolis exhibited similar antimicrobial efficacy, which is comparable to triple antibiotic paste. So, propolis can be utilized as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth with an open apex.Clinical significancePropolis is a naturally occurring flavonoid-rich resinous product with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. It is safe without any drug allergies and bacterial sensitivity and is a promising alternative to triple antibiotic paste for disinfecting non-vital young permanent teeth.How to cite this articleLillygrace E, Kethineni B, Puppala R, et al. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament in Young Permanent Teeth: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):243–248.

Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by various intracanal medicaments: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess discoloration potential of four different intracanal medicaments. Materials and Methods: Thirty single-rooted extracted bovine incisors were sectioned to a standardized root length, accessed, instrumented, and placed with temporary filling and cotton pellet. The specimens were divided into five groups (n = 6): Control group with no intracanal medicament and four groups with the following medicaments, i.e., calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine (Ca(OH)2 with CHX), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and silver diamine fluoride (SDF), respectively. Calorimetric evaluation, according to CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at pretreatment, on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Repeated ANOVA. P Results: The greatest color change (ΔE*) was observed at day 21 in TAP group (P Conclusions: Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 with the CHX groups showed the smallest coronal discoloration during the experimental time, whereas TAP and SDF groups showed the highest coronal discoloration.

Effect of hydrogel-based antibiotic intracanal medicaments on crown discoloration.

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effects of low and moderate concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) loaded into a hydrogel system on crown discoloration and explored whether application of an adhesive bonding agent prevented crown discoloration.Materials and MethodsIntact human molars (n = 160) were horizontally sectioned 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were randomized into 8 experimental groups (calcium hydroxide, Ca[OH]2; 1, 10, and 1,000 mg/mL TAP and DAP; and no medicament. The pulp chambers in half of the samples were coated with an adhesive bonding agent before receiving the intracanal medicament. Color changes (ΔE) were detected by spectrophotometry after 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks, and after 5,000 thermal cycles, with ΔE = 3.7 as a perceptible threshold. The 1-sample t-test was used to determine the significance of color changes relative to 3.7. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, adhesive, and time on color change, and the level of significance was p < 0.05.ResultsCa(OH)2 and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP did not cause clinically perceivable tooth discoloration. Adhesive agent use significantly decreased tooth discoloration in the 1,000 mg/mL TAP group up to 4 weeks. However, adhesive use did not significantly improve coronal discoloration after thermocycling when 1,000 mg/mL TAP was used.ConclusionsCa(OH)2 and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP showed no clinical discoloration. Using an adhesive significantly improved coronal discoloration up to 4 weeks with 1,000 mg/mL TAP.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments against E. Faecalis Bacteria in Infected Primary Molars by Using Real-Time PCR: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against E. faecalis bacteria in infected primary molars. Methods and Materials Thirty-nine 4–6-year-old children with an infected primary molar were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 13) to receive either CH or TAP and an untreated control group. Following access cavity preparation, the first microbiological samples (S1) were collected by using absorbent paper points. The canals were prepared and rinsed. Then, CH or TAP was applied in the root canals. Seven days later, the second microbiological samples (S2) were collected. DNA extraction was performed to count E. faecalis bacteria by using real-time PCR for S1 and S2 samples. Data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results E. faecalis bacteria counts decreased significantly in CH and TAP groups compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference existed between these two groups (P=0.698). Conclusion Both TAP and CH have significant antimicrobial effects as intracanal medicament between the treatment sessions in infected primary teeth.

Responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to capping with a triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide cement in mouse molars.

IntroductionResponses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to a triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline in ointment with macrogol and propylene glycol, remain to be fully clarified at the cellular level. This study aimed to elucidate responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to capping with TAP in mouse molars.MethodsA cavity was prepared on the first molars of 6-week-old mice to expose the dental pulp for 24 h. The exposed pulp was capped with TAP (TAP group) or calcium hydroxide cement (CH group), in addition to the combination of macrogol (M) and propylene glycol (P) (MP, control group), followed by a glass ionomer cement filling. The samples were collected at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and immunohistochemistry for nestin and Ki-67 and deoxyuride-5′-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed in addition to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses.ResultsThe highest occurrence rate of pulp necrosis was found in the control group followed by the CH group at Weeks 2 and 3, whereas the highest occurrence rate of healed areas in the dental pulp was observed in the TAP group at each time point. Tertiary dentin formation was first observed in the dental pulp of the TAP group at Week 2. In contrast, bone-like and/or fibrous tissues were frequently observed in the CH group. qRT-PCR analyses clarified that TAP activated the stem and dendritic cells at Weeks 1 and 2, respectively.ConclusionsThe use of TAP as a pulp-capping agent improved the healing process of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp in mouse molars.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of propolis on regenerative potential of necrotic immature permanent teeth in dogs

BackgroundThis study evaluated the antibacterial efficiency and ability of propolis to promote regeneration of immature permanent non-vital dogs’ teeth.MethodsNinety six immature permanent premolars teeth in 6 mongrel dogs were divided randomly into: experimental teeth (N = 72) and control teeth (N = 24). Periapical pathosis was induced in all experimental and positive control teeth. Experimental teeth were classified according to the used intra-canal medication into: group I (N = 36), propolis paste was used and group II (N = 36), triple antibiotic paste (TAP) was used. Bacteriologic samplings were collected before and after exposure to intra-canal medicaments. After the disinfection period (3 weeks), revascularization was induced in all experimental teeth. Each group was subdivided according to the root canal orifice plug into: subgroup A (N = 18), propolis paste was used and subgroup B (N = 18), mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) was used. Each subgroup was further subdivided according to the evaluation period into 3 subdivisions (6 teeth each): subdivision 1; after 2 weeks, subdivision 2; after one month and subdivision 3; after 2 months. Positive control group had 12 teeth with induced untreated periapical pathosis. Negative control group had 12 untouched sound teeth. All teeth were evaluated with radiography and histology. The bacteriologic and radiographic data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The histologic data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s adjustment and Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the antibacterial effectiveness between TAP and propolis groups (P > .05). In all subdivisions, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of increase in root length and dentin thickness, decrease in apical closure, new hard tissue formation, vital tissue formation inside the pulp canal and apical closure scores (P > .05).ConclusionPropolis can be comparable with TAP as a disinfection treatment option in regenerative endodontic. As a root canal orifice plug after revascularization of necrotic immature permanent teeth in dogs, propolis induces a progressive increase in root length and dentin thickness and a decrease in apical diameter similar to those of MTA.

Effect of intracanal medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on the push-out bond strength of a calcium-phosphate-silicate-based cement to dentin.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of various endodontic regeneration agents on the push-out bond strength of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) to root-canal dentin.Methods:Fifty single-rooted human teeth were selected and instrumented to obtain a standard internal diameter of 1.5 mm. Specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups and treated with an intracanal medicament [calcium hydroxide (CH), double antibiotic paste (DAP), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), TAP with amoxicillin (mTAP)] and a non-treated control group. Medicaments were removed after three weeks, and ERRM was applied to all specimens. The coronal portion of each root was then sliced into 2-mm-thick parallel transverse sections (2 slices per tooth, n=20 slices per group), and a push-out test was used to measure the bond strength of ERRM to dentin. Data were analyzed using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney tests, with the level of significance set at p<0.05.Results:The push-out bond strength of the CH group was significantly higher than that of the TAP, DAP and mTAP groups (p< 0.005). Furthermore, the bond strength of the control group was higher than the bond strength of both the DAP and mTAP groups.Conclusion:The use of CH in clinical practice may help improve the adhesion of ERRM to dentin.

Effect of triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments on bond strength of composite to dentin

Objective: Considering the use of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) for root canal treatment of open apex teeth, this study aimed to assess the effect of TAP and calcium hydroxide (CH) on bond strength of composite to dentin. Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted on 32 extracted human premolar teeth. After disinfection with 2% thymol solution, the enamel on the buccal surface of specimens was removed to expose a smooth dentin surface parallel to the long axis of the teeth with approximately 19mm2 surface areas. Specimens were divided into three groups of 11, 10 and 11 specimens. In group one, TAP, in group two CH and in group three, saline solution were applied to dentin surfaces for 14 days. After removal of medicaments, composite cylinders were bonded to the dentin surfaces using a bonding agent. Shear bond strength was measured in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The highest mean bond strength belonged to the control group (14.4760 MPa) and the lowest belonged to the TAP group (11.5808 MPa). The mean bond strength in CH group was less than that of the control and higher than that of the TAP group (11.7834 MPa). However, the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (p=0.327). Conclusion: Use of medicaments such as CH and TAP has no effect on bond strength of composite to dentin.

Effect of intracanal medicaments on push-out bond strength of Smart-Seal system.

Aim:To evaluate the effects of calcium hydroxide (CH), triple and double antibiotic pastes (DAPs) on the bond strength of Smart-Seal obturation, C-points with Endosequence Bio-ceramic (BC) sealer to the root canal dentin.Materials and Methods:Sixty-four freshly extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were de-coronated and prepared using rotary Pro-taper system with full sequence till F3. The specimens were randomly divided into a control group (without intracanal dressing) and 3 experimental groups that received an intracanal dressing with either CH, DAP, or triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (n = 16). The intracanal dressing was removed after 3 weeks by rinsing with 10 mL 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, followed by 10 mL 3% sodium hypochlorite. The root canals were then obturated with C-points and Endosequence BC sealer. A push-out test was used to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and the obturating system. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test.Results:The push-out bond strength values were significantly affected by the intracanal medicaments (P < 0.001), but not by the root canal thirds (P > 0.05). In the middle and apical third, the bond strength of the TAP group was higher than those of the CH and DAP groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The DAP and CH did not affect the bond strength of the novel hydrophilic obutrating system. TAP improved the bond strength of Smart-Seal system in the middle and apical thirds.