Trigonella Foenum-graecum Seeds Research Articles

Electrochemical activities of Ni-Ti alloy in artificial blood plasma with Trigonella foenum graecum seeds

An investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of Ni-Ti alloy when exposed to artificial blood plasma (ABP) in the presence of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm of Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) seeds for 1, 10, 20, and 30 days. Studies on AC impedance and polarisation have shown that a protective coating forms on the metal surface while inhibiting corrosion. The protective film has formed on the Ni-Ti implant alloy surface, the linear polarization resistance increased (LPR), and the corrosion current value (Icorr) decreased. The charge transfer resistant value (Rct) and impedance value increase and the double-layer capacitance value decrease.The protective layers morphology and the elemental composition were analyzed by SEM/EDAX. The property of the protective film on the Ni-Ti alloy has been examined by atomic force microscope. The X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the nature of the apatite. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of Ni-Ti alloy in ABP in the presence of TFG seeds at various concentrations for different times was improved and protected.

Ameliorative Hematological and Histomorphological Effects of Dietary Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.

Different types of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are being used for wastewater treatment worldwide but concerns have been raised regarding their potential toxicities, especially toward non-targeted aquatic organisms including fishes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of copper oxide (CuO) NPs (1.5 mg/L; positive control group) in a total of 130 common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as well as the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extracts (100 mg/L as G-1 group, 125 mg/L as G-2 group, and 150 mg/L as G-3 group) administered to fish for 28 days. Significant changes were observed in the morphometric parameters: the body weight and length of the CuO-NP-treated fish respectively decreased from 45.28 ± 0.34 g and 14.40 ± 0.56 cm at day one to 43.75 ± 0.41 g and 13.57 ± 0.67 cm at day 28. Conversely, fish treated with T. foenum-graecum seed extract showed significant improvements in body weight and length. After exposure to CuO NPs, a significant accumulation of Cu was recorded in the gills, livers, and kidneys (1.18 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, 1.38 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, and 0.05 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, respectively) of the exposed common carp, and significant alterations in fish hematological parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT)) were also observed. However, supplementing diets with fenugreek extracts modulated the blood parameters and the oxidative stress enzymes. Similarly, histological observations revealed that sub-lethal exposure to CuO NPs caused severe histomorphological changes in fish gills (i.e., degenerative epithelium, fused lamellae, necrotic lamellae, necrosis of primary lamellae, complete degeneration, and complete lamellar fusion), liver (i.e., degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, damaged central vein, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, and complete degeneration), and kidney (i.e., necrosis and tubular degeneration, abnormal glomerulus, swollen tubules, and complete degeneration), while the treatment with the fenugreek extract significantly decreased tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner by lowering the accumulation of Cu in the selected fish tissues. Overall, this work demonstrated the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation with T. foenum-graecum seed extract against the toxicity of NPs in aquatic organisms. The findings of this study therefore provided evidence of the promising nutraceutical value of fenugreek and enhanced its applicative potential in the sector of fish aquaculture, as it was shown to improve the growth performance and wellness of organisms.

The Efficacy of Unani Formulation Consisting of Phoenix dactylifera Fruit, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds, and Honey in Qillat-e-Mani (Oligospermia) – A Single-Arm Clinical Trial

Background and objective: Qillat-e-Mani (oligospermia) is a very common health problem that significantly impairs the patients' quality of life, resulting in family separation, depression, and anxiety. It has extensively been discussed in Unani medicine, with the greater emphasis on its therapeutic as well as dietary interventions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a Unani formulation in patients with oligospermia. Methods: It was a single-arm clinical trial conducted on 30 eligible participants in the age bracket of 20 to 60 years suffering from laboratory-confirmed oligospermia, after obtaining written informed consent. The trial intervention consisted of a 6g daily dose of Unani formulation in M'ajūn (semi-solid paste) form. The efficacy of the intervention was determined by assessing sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume from baseline to the conclusion of the therapy. The paired t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The objective parameters showed statistically significant improvements without the occurrence of any adverse events. Conclusion: Although the Unani formulation is statistically effective in treating Qillat-e-Mani (oligospermia), it failed to normalize the range of sperm counts in many patients, which may be attributed to the brief duration of therapy. Thus, longer-term RCTs with more stringent criteria are required to bolster the scientific evidence.

Fenugreek seed mucilage grafted poly methacrylate pH-responsive hydrogel: A promising tool to enhance the oral bioavailability of methotrexate

This study aimed to develop the Fenugreek seed mucilage-based pH-responsive hydrogel system in order to improve the oral bioavailability of methotrexate (MTX). Fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM) was extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. F1-F9 formulations of pH-responsive hydrogels were prepared using various FSM ratios, methacrylic acid (MAA), and methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) via free radical polymerization technique. Swelling behavior and in vitro drug release studies of prepared hydrogels were evaluated. Toxicity studies of prepared hydrogels were performed on normal cells and on Wistar rats (n = 6). Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters were studied on albino rabbits. Hydrogels formation was confirmed by FTIR analysis, thermal analysis and SEM studies. The maximum swelling of hydrogel was found to be 384.7% at pH 7.4. MTX-loaded hydrogel showed the controlled release of MTX up to 24 h following Super Case II transport. Prepared hydrogels exhibited no toxicity in normal cells as well as in experimental subjects. MTX loaded hydrogels exhibited less inhibition compared to free MTX on Hela cells. In Vivo studies revealed 7.5-fold improved oral bioavailability of MTX with higher Cmax (928 ng/mL). These results indicate that the pH-responsive hydrogel system based on FSM is a promising tool for the controlled delivery of MTX.

A BUCOLIC REMEDY OF FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL HAIR OIL

Objective: The birth of cosmetics forms an incessant narrative throughout the past of man as they developed. The present study aimed to formulate polyherbal hair oil using various efficient herbs. Methods: Hair oil formulation of Cocos nucifera (oil), Ricinus communis (oil), Brassica juncea (oil), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Seeds), Murraya koenigii (Leaf), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Flowers), Nigella sativa (seeds), and Cinnamomum camphora in the form of polyherbal oil using boiling method. These ingredients are rich in various phytochemicals, vitamins, proteins, antioxidants, and so many other constituents which are important for the growth and rejuvenation of the hair cycle. Evaluation of hair oil carries out by various parameters such as sensitivity test, acid value, saponification value, phytochemical screening, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, and irritation test. Results: All the values of evaluation are within the acceptable limit. As compared to market formulations, this herbal oil having minimal or zero adverse effects. Conclusion: It is concluded that formulated hair oil boost hair growth, decrease hair fall, dandruff, gray hair, and gives lustrous and shiny hairs.

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of Diosgenin in coded ayurvedic formulation and its ingredient Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. seeds used in diabetics

BackgroundTrigonella foenum-graecum (Methi) is a leguminous plant and botanically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn, belong to the family Fabaceae. Trigonella foenum-graecum is used for a variety of health conditions, including digestive problems, bronchitis, tuberculosis, fevers, sore throats, wounds, arthritis, abscesses, swollen glands, skin irritations, diabetes, loss of appetite, ulcers, and menopausal symptoms, as well as in the treatment of cancer. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds mainly contain Diosgenin [(3β,25R)-spirost-5-en3-ol], a plant-derived steroid sapogenin.ResultsThe identification and quantification results by HPTLC and HPLC studies of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, coded formulation, hydrolysed coded formulation extract with standard Diosgenin biomarker showed a significant highest peak in hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and hydrolysed coded formulation. The standard Diosgenin is observed in the hydrolysed form of hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and hydrolysed coded formulation. The literature on Trigonella foenum-graecum confirms its activity as antidiabetic, and the peak of standard biomarker Diosgenin is seen after derivatization with anisaldehyde sulphuric agent, which possesses medicinal phytoconstituents value. Further related to future scientific aspects, more studies on its potent antidiabetic activity and multipurpose action need to be carried out with medicinal composition and its effects on the human body.ConclusionThis study aims to establish the qualitative and quantitative estimation of standard Diosgenin in reliable with coded ayurvedic formulation and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and its activity as antidiabetic by HPTLC and HPLC.

The Use of Fenugreek Supplementation in Diabetes

Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek.

Review Article: The use of fenugreek supplementation in diabetes

Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed, and Plantago ovata Forsk Seed Husk Hydrocolloids Compared with Conventional Heating Extraction at Optimum Extraction Conditions

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed, and Plantago ovata Forsk Seed Husk Hydrocolloids Compared with Conventional Heating Extraction at Optimum Extraction Conditions

Comparative Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activities of <i>Trigonella</i><i> foenum-graecum</i> (seeds), <i>Cymbopogon</i><i> proximus</i> and <i>Acacia nilotica</i> on a model of acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis in rats

An experimental study of the beneficial effect of herbal preparations on acute toxic liver damage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in animals was conducted The goal is to Compare the hepatoprotective effect of three water extracts of herbal preparations: (I) Trigonella foenum-graecum (seeds), (II) Cymbopogon proximus, (III) Asasia nilotica Material and methods. To simulate acute toxic liver damage, 50% CCl4 was administered once intraperitonally in doses of 0.6 ml, 0.3 ml, and 0.2 ml. Control groups: K1-1 group intact animals without injections; K2: groups 2, 3, 4. introduced saline solution (FR) without Ssl4 in the volume of 2 ml. Experimental groups: 5, 6, 7 and 8 studied the hepatoprotective properties of aqueous solutions of the studied drugs after intraperitoneal administration of Ssl4 or FR. Researched herbs: I, II, III, in different doses were administered 2 ml of an aqueous solution in breeding 1:10, observation period 5 days, the blood, for research stabilized solution of sodium citrate in the ratio of 1:10, studied the properties of blood cells hematological analyzer PCE-90Vet (USA). The content of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and transaminase activity - ALT, AST-were recorded in the blood serum using an automatic analyzer of the company “ HUMASTAR 600 “(Germany)», Results and discussion. Water extracts of preparations I and II prevented the reduction of red blood cells and platelets, and activated the macrophage pool. All the herb extracts studied prevent platelet reduction, however, but do not bring them up to the indicators of intact animals. The use of solution III prevented the growth of the cytolysis enzyme-ALT. All studied extracts in acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication. they warned of an increase in hypertriglyceremia. The introduction of water extracts II, III in the 1:10 ratio prevented the development of necrotic changes in hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, manifestations of fatty dystrophy, and preserved the architectonics of the liver lobule.

Stereological and Histopathological Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds on Rabbits Ovary

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of the Trigonella foenum-graecum (T. foenum-graecum) seeds on the female gonad. A total of twenty local rabbits were used in this study; were divided into four groups (5 each): first group (G1) was considered as the control group. The second group (G2), third group (G3) and fourth group (G4) were fed daily1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of T. foenum-graecum seeds respectively for 60 days (twice daily). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized by diethyl ether (C2H52O). Then the abdomen was incised, and the samples of ovaries were collected and fixed by 10% neutral buffered formalin. The histological assessment was done with a paraffin embedding technique and the histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. The result showed that the numbers of primary and secondary follicles were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in G3and G4 compared with the control (G1) and G2. The numbers of Graafian follicles were significantly P<0.05 decreased G4 compared with other groups. The diameters of the primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles were significantly smaller than the other groups. The thickness of the granulosa cell layer in G3and G4 were significantly thinner than the other groups. The histological figures declared that the ovary of G2 was similar to that in G1. The histological sections of G3 and G4 were revealed marked cortical and medullary vascular congestion and focal hemorrhage; there were also marked follicular degeneration and cystic necrosis. The study concluded that the low concentration of T. foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds do not have any positive effect in terms of ovarian stimulation.

Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) seeds on Hyperglycemia Induced with Alloxan

Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) seeds on Hyperglycemia Induced with Alloxan

Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Oil Attenuated Inflammation and Angiogenesis in vivo through Down-Regulation of TNF-α.

Inflammation is a vital reaction of the natural immune system that protects against encroaching agents. However, uncontrolled inflammation can lead to complications. Trigonella foenumgraecum is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory herb. The current study was conducted to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic potentials of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds oil. Oil was extracted from seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum by cold press method and labelled as TgSO. Phytochemical (GC-MS, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and metal analyses were conducted to evaluate the metalo-chemical profile of TgSO. In vitro antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were performed to assess its antioxidant potential. In vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method and the safety profile of TgSO was assessed in acute toxicological studies following OECD 425 guidelines. In vivo antiinflammatory activities of TgSO were assessed in carrageenan, serotonin, histamine, formalin, and cotton pelletinduced oedema models. Serum TNF-α, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and, Catalases (CAT) levels were assessed by ELISA kits. In vivo antiangiogenic activity of TgSO was screened in chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. Histopathological studies using excised paws were conducted to observe the effects of TgSO treatment at the tissue level. In silico docking studies were conducted to screen the binding potentials of identified compounds with TNF-α. Extraction by cold press method yielded 16% of TgSO. Phytochemical analysis of TgSO through GCMS showed the presence of eugenol, dihydrocoumairn, heptadecanoic acid, tri- and tetradecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid, respectively. Total phenolic contents of TgSO were found to be 0.30±0.01mg/g gallic acid equivalent in Folin-Ciocalteu method. Metal analysis indicated the presence of different metals in TgSO. Findings of antioxidant models showed the moderate antioxidant potential of TgSO. Findings of antimicrobial assays showed that TgSO was active against bacterial (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) and fungal (C. albicans, and A. niger) strains. In vivo toxicity study data showed that TgSO was safe up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Data of oedema models showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in oedema development in TgSO treated animals in both acute and chronic models. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimum tissue infiltration with inflammatory cells in TgSO-treated animals. Treatment with TgSO also significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated TNF-α in serum while levels of SOD and CAT were up-regulated. Findings of the CAM assay revealed the antiangiogenic activity of TgSO. Findings of in silico docking studies showed that identified phytoconstituents can bind with culprit cytokine (TNF-α). Data obtained from the current study conclude that TgSO has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects that validate its traditional uses. Synergistic actions of different phytoconstituents are proposed to be responsible for the observed effects.

Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds in treatment of metabolic syndrome

Abstract Fenugreek has a long tradition of use as a medicine and also has been commonly used as food in many countries. This plant is well known, especially in Asia. In Europe, fenugreek seeds are regarded as a traditional herbal medicine consumed in case of loss of appetite and in confirmed skin inflammations. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds contain wide spectrum of different biologically active constituents which affect the properties of preparations produced from this plant. Numerous preclinical studies confirm the use of fenu-greek as a hypolipidemic and lowering blood glucose level drug. Unfortunately, there are not many clinical studies on fenugreek seeds in this area. Published studies often significantly differ in the amount and type of fenugreek seed preparation used. However, results of available scientific research are promising and suggest the possibility of using fenugreek seeds in metabolic syndrome therapy. Undoubtedly, further research is required to confirm such properties of Trigonella foenum-graecum.

Evaluation of Invertase Inhibition Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Swietenia macrophyllia Leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds

Invertase, the key enzyme responsible for sucrose hydrolysis. Inhibition of invertase can decrease the postprandial blood sugar level in diabetic patients and keep the blood glucose level normal where cytotoxicity to fast-growing cells like those of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii is a great measurement for further important drug development. This study was aimed to investigate potential anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol and acetone extracts of Swietenia macrophylla leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Invertase inhibition activities of S. macrophylla leaves, S. cumini, and T. foenum-graecum seeds were measured by spectrophotometrically using standard protocols and cytotoxicity were measured by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Among the plant extracts, all ethanol extracts showed higher invertase inhibition activities than all acetone extracts. S. cumini seed ethanol extract showed the highest invertase inhibition activity whereas S. macrophylla leaves acetone extract showed the lowest invertase inhibition activity. The maximum toxicity was observed in ethanol extract of T. foenum-graecum seed whereas the lowest toxicity was observed in acetone extract of S. macrophylla leaves. Both ethanol and acetone extract of T. foenum-graecumseeds showed significant cytotoxic activities. This investigation suggested that S. cumini and T. foenum-graecum seeds possess potential antidiabetic activities and T. foenum-graecum seeds have potential cytotoxicity.

Characterisation and In Vitro Evaluation of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed Gum as a Potential Prebiotic in Growing Rabbit Nutrition.

Simple SummaryA fenugreek seed gum, extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and rich in galactomannan, was chemically and physically characterised and its prebiotic potential for young rabbits was evaluated in vitro, both as pure fenugreek seed gum and when included up to 20 g/kg in rabbit diets rich in soluble and insoluble fibre. Fenugreek seed gum was resistant to pepsin and pancreatin digestion but was totally fermented by rabbit caecal bacteria. Fenugreek seed gum linear inclusion up to 20 g/kg in diets rich in soluble fibre has led to a reduction in the solubility of some nutrients during in vitro enzymatic phase and an increase in the fermented fraction. Fenugreek seed gum satisfies two essential conditions of a prebiotic: resistance to enzymatic digestion and being totally fermented by caecal bacteria.Some components of soluble fibre appear to have prebiotic effects that can contribute to improving digestive health in post-weaning rabbits. In this work, a fenugreek seed gum (FGS), extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and rich in galactomannan, was characterised. Both the pure FSG and ten substrates obtained by the inclusion of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg of FSG in diets rich in soluble (SF) and insoluble (IF) fibre were evaluated in vitro to determine FSG prebiotic potential for rabbit diets. FSG was rich in total sugars (630 g/kg dry matter), consisting entirely of galactose and mannose in a 1:1 ratio, and a moderate protein content (223 g/kg dry matter). Pure FSG was affected very little by in vitro digestion, as only 145 g/kg of the FSG was dissolved during the enzymatic phase. However, the linear inclusion of FSG up to 20 g/kg in growing rabbit feeds has led to a reduction in the solubility of some nutrients during in vitro enzymatic phase, especially in SF diets. Pure FSG not digested during the enzymatic phase almost completely disappeared during the in vitro fermentation phase, 984 g/kg of this indigestible fraction. However, although linear inclusion of FSG up to 20 g/kg in SF diets increased the fermented fraction, no relevant changes in the fermentation profile were observed. In conclusion, FSG satisfies two essential conditions of the prebiotic effect, showing resistance to in vitro enzymatic digestion and being totally fermented in vitro by caecal bacteria, although in vivo studies will be necessary to determine its prebiotic potential.

Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract plays a beneficial role on brain antioxidant and oxidative status in alloxan-induced Wistar rats

AbstractContextTrigonella foenum-graecum (TriFG) exhibits increased scavenger enzymatic activities and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species in diabetic rats.ObjectiveThe present study was aimed to investigate the effect of TriFG on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant status in brain tissue of rats exposed to alloxan.Materials and MethodsHealthy male rats (180 ± 10 g) were allocated into five groups. Animals in group 1 maintained on normal tap water served as controls and rats in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated as experimental groups. Rats in group 2 were intraperitoneally injected with alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) and treated as diabetic rats, whereas rats in groups 3 and 4 were maintained on same experimental regimen as that of rats in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and in addition, they were orally gavaged with herbal extracts of TriFG (0.25 g/kg BW). Diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide in group 5 were used as positive controls.Results and DiscussionSignificant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) increase in the antioxidant enzymes with a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) decrease in the lipid peroxidation levels were observed in the brain tissue of diabetic rats treated with TriFG extract as compared to diabetic and glibenclamide-treated rats. No significant changes were observed in pro- and antioxidant levels in brain tissue of rats treated with TriFG extract alone when compared to normal rats. In diabetic rats, brain mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes like succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity levels were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased with reversely increased was observed in lactate dehydrogenase activity (P &amp;lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggested that TriFG, through its antioxidant properties, protects brain tissue by mitigating oxidative stress induced by alloxan-exposed rats. TriFG extract significantly increased the antioxidant and oxidative properties in diabetic rats when compared with the control group rats.

New Studies on the Galactomannan Extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Seed: Effect of Subsequent Use of Ultrasound and Microwave on the Physicochemical and Rheological Properties

The effect of subsequent use of ultrasound and microwave on the physicochemical and rheological properties of galactomannan extracted from fenugreek seed (locally called as Shanbalileh) was investigated. Maximum yield of 18.54% was gained at optimized conditions: ultrasound power of 150 W, microwave power of 500 W, seed to water ratio of 1:30, and extraction time of 150 min. Chemical composition of the galactomannan was 7.03% (wb) moisture, 5.35% (db) ash, 0.85% (db) protein, 0.59% (db) lipid, and 85.89% (db) carbohydrate, respectively. FT-IR analysis admitted representative peaks of polysaccharide at 3400, 2920, 1620, 1400, and 1050/cm. Thermal analysis results revealed a melting range of 60–135 °C and degradation temperature of 280.54 °C. XRD pattern illustrated a large degree of crystallinity in the galactomannan structure. The results of SEM imaging indicated that the obtained galactomannan had a smooth surface. The steady shear flow experiments showed that the shear stress–shear rate, apparent viscosity–shear rate, and shear stress–time well fitted in Herschel–Bulkley, Carraeu, and Figuni–Shoemaker models. The samples with 0.5 and 1% w/v concentration demonstrated viscous-like and sample with 1.5% w/v indicated gel-like behavior upon strain and frequency sweep tests. Other parameters including bulk and tapped density, powder cohesiveness, powder compressibility index, DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, powder solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC) were also evaluated.

Histopathological Evaluation of Gastro Protective Effect of Trigonella Foenum Graecum Seed (Methi) and omeprazole in Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Context: Peptic ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. Bangladesh is a developing country with a very high point prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease (11.9%) and a H. pylori prevalence of more than 90% in asymptomatic adults and 80% in children at the age of 5 years. The multifactorial pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is secretion of gastric acid. The main therapeutic target is the control of this secretion using antacids, H2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) or proton pump blockers (omeprazole and lansoprazole). However, nowadays, gastric ulcer therapy faces a major drawback because most of the drugs currently available in the market show limited efficacy against gastric diseases and are often associated with severe side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify more effective and safe antiulcer agents. In this context, the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of different pathologies is in continuous expansion worldwide. From the ancient time, various plants were used in traditional medicine with reputation as efficacious remedies. The list of plant derived modern medicine is very long now. About 33% of the drugs produced in the developed countries are derived from plants. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek, Methi) is one of them used in many parts of world. Preliminary study on animal showed that Trigonella foenum-graecum seed has significant gastro-protective effect. A study was carried out to demonstrate the gastro-protective effect of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (Fenugreek, Methi) and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.&#x0D; Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 24 (twenty four) rats which were divided randomly into 4 groups each having 6 rats in the Pharmacology Department of Dhaka Medical college, Dhaka. 1 ml of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body wt.) was orally administered to all groups by gastric intubations to induce gastric ulcer in all groups except normal control. Omeprazole suspension (20mg/kg body wt) was used as synthetic anti ulcer drug in study. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed(500mg/kg body wt) were used respectively orally. Histopathological analysis was carried out to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.&#x0D; Result: Pretreatment with aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (500mg/kg/body wt) showed very significant prevention in ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Results of the study showed that in case of ethanol treated rats gross examination showed a large amount of haemorrhagic lesions confined mostly in the gastric corpus. Histologically lesion involved about two-third of the mucosa layer and exfoliation of the mucosal cells was detected. Meanwhile, red blood cells were present in the gastric mucosa and edematous submucosa was discovered. However aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed significantly reduced the haemorrhagic lesions, tissue proliferation, infiltration of cells and sloughing induced by ethanol. This prevention was statistically very significant (P&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole possess gastro protective properties.&#x0D; J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 67-75

Fenugreek seed extract ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background Natural medicinal plants have been the focus of current research for developing neuroprotective agents to be used in the diabetes-linked cognitive dysfunction. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds (known as fenugreek, methi in Hindi), is a well-known traditional medicinal herb and possesses anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose This study was undertaken to explore the ameliorative effects of T. foenum-graecum seed extract on diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Methods Experimental diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal dose. Cognitive function was assessed using a T-maze and the Morris water maze. Lipid peroxidation levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus was measured. Quantification of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was done using cresyl violet stain. Results Diabetic rats demonstrated learning and memory impairment, which was evident from poor performance in behavioral tasks, i.e. T-maze and Morris water maze tasks. Learning and memory impairment in diabetic animals is associated with increased blood glucose levels, increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus and decreased number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The diabetic rats administered with T. foenum-graecum showed improved performance in behavioral tasks, and these changes were associated with decreased blood glucose levels, decreased oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and decreased neuronal loss from the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Conclusion In conclusion, administration of T. foenum-graecum seed extract ameliorates diabetes-linked cognitive dysfunction in rats by decreasing blood glucose levels, reducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and preventing neuronal loss from the hippocampus.