Abstract
Simple SummaryA fenugreek seed gum, extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and rich in galactomannan, was chemically and physically characterised and its prebiotic potential for young rabbits was evaluated in vitro, both as pure fenugreek seed gum and when included up to 20 g/kg in rabbit diets rich in soluble and insoluble fibre. Fenugreek seed gum was resistant to pepsin and pancreatin digestion but was totally fermented by rabbit caecal bacteria. Fenugreek seed gum linear inclusion up to 20 g/kg in diets rich in soluble fibre has led to a reduction in the solubility of some nutrients during in vitro enzymatic phase and an increase in the fermented fraction. Fenugreek seed gum satisfies two essential conditions of a prebiotic: resistance to enzymatic digestion and being totally fermented by caecal bacteria.Some components of soluble fibre appear to have prebiotic effects that can contribute to improving digestive health in post-weaning rabbits. In this work, a fenugreek seed gum (FGS), extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and rich in galactomannan, was characterised. Both the pure FSG and ten substrates obtained by the inclusion of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg of FSG in diets rich in soluble (SF) and insoluble (IF) fibre were evaluated in vitro to determine FSG prebiotic potential for rabbit diets. FSG was rich in total sugars (630 g/kg dry matter), consisting entirely of galactose and mannose in a 1:1 ratio, and a moderate protein content (223 g/kg dry matter). Pure FSG was affected very little by in vitro digestion, as only 145 g/kg of the FSG was dissolved during the enzymatic phase. However, the linear inclusion of FSG up to 20 g/kg in growing rabbit feeds has led to a reduction in the solubility of some nutrients during in vitro enzymatic phase, especially in SF diets. Pure FSG not digested during the enzymatic phase almost completely disappeared during the in vitro fermentation phase, 984 g/kg of this indigestible fraction. However, although linear inclusion of FSG up to 20 g/kg in SF diets increased the fermented fraction, no relevant changes in the fermentation profile were observed. In conclusion, FSG satisfies two essential conditions of the prebiotic effect, showing resistance to in vitro enzymatic digestion and being totally fermented in vitro by caecal bacteria, although in vivo studies will be necessary to determine its prebiotic potential.
Highlights
Digestive disorders are the main cause of post-weaning mortality and veterinary visits in rabbit farms, and epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) remains the major cause of these losses [1,2]
It is well known that a deficit in fibre or an excess of protein increase the risk of digestive disorders [4,5], and that the level and nature of the fibre can affect the digestive health of weaned rabbits, a minimum level of both insoluble and soluble fractions of fibre are required to reduce the digestive risk [3]
In the current research work, our main purpose was to evaluate the potential prebiotic effect of FSG, both pure and when included up to 20 g/kg in diets rich in soluble or insoluble fibre, as its prebiotic potential could be different depending on the nature of the main dietary fibre
Summary
Digestive disorders are the main cause of post-weaning mortality and veterinary visits in rabbit farms, and epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) remains the major cause of these losses [1,2]. Galactooligosaccharides and mannooligosaccharides have been tested on rabbits with inconsistent results as regards mortality, growth performance and feed conversion ratio [8,9,10,11,12] These prebiotics seem to have the capacity to improve the barrier effect against pathogens, promoting recovery of the intestinal mucosa, increasing the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and reducing the ammonia content in the rabbit caecum [13,14,15]
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