Trigona Honey Research Articles

The Strong Effect of Propolis in Suppressing NF-κB, CysC, and ACE2 on a High-fat Diet

Background: A high fat diet (HFD)is one of the main causes of obesity and is closely linked to metabolic disorders brought on by stress and malfunctioning tissues. Propolis (Trigona Honey) is considered to be helpful in treating inflammatory diseases because it has also been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-free radical properties. This study to demonstrate how much propolis supplementation affects BW, NF-κB, CysC, and ACE2 levels in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a HFD. Methods: Post-test and control group designs in an experimental setup. A total of twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to four groups of six. Group I received a normal diet for sixteen weeks (ND), Group II received a high fat diet (HFD) for sixteen weeks (HFD), Group III received an HFD for sixteen weeks plus propolis for eight weeks (HFD-8), and Group IV received an HFD and propolis for sixteen weeks (HFD-16). Using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), body weight (BW), serum NF-κB, Cys C, and ACE2 levels were measured before treatment (week 0), after 8 weeks of HFD (HFD-8) (week 8), and after 16 weeks of HFD (HFD-16). Results: The mean starting weight in the ND, HFD, HFD-8, and HFD-16 groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.001). By week eight, the HFD group's body weight had increased considerably (254.83 grams vs. 202.0 grams) in comparison to the ND group (p<0.001). The HFD and HFD-8 groups' body weight increased significantly at week 16 in comparison to the ND group (334.83 grams and 269.50 grams vs. 208.67 grams) (p<0.001). At week 16, there was no discernible difference in mean BW between ND and HFD-16 (p > 0.001). There was no significant difference found in the mean initial NF-κB levels between the ND, HFD, HFD-8, and HFD-16 groups (p > 0.001). At week 8, NF-κB levels in the HFD group were significantly higher (5,038 ng/ml vs. 3,655 ng/ml) (p<0.001) than in the ND group. At week 16, NF-κB levels in the HFD and HFD-8 groups were notably higher than those in the ND group (p<0.001), at 6,136 ng/ml and 4,378 ng/ml, respectively, compared to 3,775 ng/ml. Between ND and HFD-16, there was no significant distinction in the mean NF-κB levels at week 16 (p>0.001). There was no significant difference observed in the mean CysC and ACE2 between the ND, HFD, HFD-8, and HFD-16 groups (p > 0.001). CysC and ACE2 levels in the HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ND group at week 8, and in the HFD and HFD-8 groups, they were significantly higher than those in the ND group at week 16. When propolis is administered for eight weeks, the rise in BW, NF-κB, CysC, and ACE2 is suppressed until the eighth week, at which point it increases once more until the sixteenth week. Propolis administration, however, will halt the rise in BW, NF-κB, CysC, and ACE2 until the sixteenth week. Conclusion: Propolis administration for 16 weeks can suppress the increase in BW, LI, RI, NF-κB, CysC and ACE2 levels in rats given a high fat diet (HFD).

Physicochemical analysis of trigona honey produced by Tetragonula biroi in Soppeng Regency, Indonesia

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate that is rich in biodiversity. Various types of bees are discovered in the country, including the trigona bees, whose honey offers numerous health benefits. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional and phytochemical content of trigona honey produced by Tetragonula biroi in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The honey samples are extracted directly from the hives, filtered and examined through laboratory tests. The results of this study showed that trigona honey from Soppeng has a low pH (4.5) and a high vitamin C content compared to other vitamins. The calcium content is higher than magnesium and zinc, while its high polyphenols contain flavonoids and antioxidants. The water content of 26.67% is indicated in trigona honey, which is within the acceptable range of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The sugar content of trigone honey indicates 6.99% w/w glucose, 12.96% w/w fructose and a fructose/glucose ratio of 1.85.

Performance of The Trigona,Sapiens Honey Agribusiness Developed By Communities Around The Laiwoi KPH Forest Area In Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

The Trigona sp bee is a type of biodiversity that has high economic value and is a leading commodity for Non-Timber Forest Products (HhBk), which is developed by the community around the KPH Laiwoi forest area, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency. The community and government of Amonggedo Baru sub-district, Mataiwoi Village, Puasana Village, and Amonggedo District have formed farmer groups and Gapoktan to cultivate Trigona sp bees. as a sector of economic improvement for society. This community partnership activity was conducted in Mataiwoi Village and Amonggedo Baru Village, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency. The method used in this survey research is the Agribusiness Technology Transfer Approach. Data was collected through observation and interview methods. Based on the community profile above, the problem of research on the performance of the Trigona Honey Agribusiness developed by the community around the KPH Laiwoi Forest area, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency is presented in detail as follows: 1. The performance of the Trigona, sp Honey Agribusiness is determined by human factors, capital, processing tools and machines, honey management methods and technology, markets, and non-economic environmental factors carried out using a Technology Transfer approach to the Trigona—Sp Honey Bee Agribusiness subsystem. The community around the KPH Laiwoi Forest Area, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency developed them. 2. Trigona, sp honey bee production management developed by the community is moving the colony from the primary habitat on a dead tree to an artificial habitat in artificial STUP boxes with a start-up of 20 boxes per group

Modulation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSC) by Nigella Sativa and Trigona Honey: An in vitro Study

Maintenance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) numbers is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration since adult stem cells are often limited in number, expansion capacity and lifespan. It is believed that certain types of foods are beneficial in the preservation and stimulation of stem cells throughout life. Black seeds and stingless bee honey are among the widely investigated functional food with general health promoting benefit. We aim to explore the proliferative, anti-apoptosis and anti-senescence effect of Nigella sativa and Trigona honey on BMMSC. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay. We performed flow cytometric analysis to verify stem cell surface markers while quantitative PCR was done to measure the relative expression of target genes. Results showed favourable concentration dependent enhancement of cell proliferation by 1 to 10 ug/mL Nigella sativa and 0.097% to 0.195% Trigona honey. Observation on BMMSC’s morphology and surface markers expression revealed no alteration on BMMSC stemness properties. In addition, gene expression analysis supported that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in proliferation related gene, β-Catenin, and lower expression of apoptotic- and senescence-related gene, BAX and p21, respectively. These preliminary findings suggest a promising effect of Nigella sativaand Trigona honey on stem cell proliferation.

DESA BOJONG MURNI, MERAIH ASA MELALUI HARUMNYA MINYAK ATSIRI

The Sadar Tani Muda Forest Farmer Group is engaged in trigona honey bee cultivation and agriculture, especially seasonal crops in the form of vegetable commodities and essential oil source plants, namely nutmeg, cloves, ginger, and citronella commodities. The problem is the unavailability of essential oil processing technology to process the harvest of residents, how to manage the management of the distillation business and marketing of essential oils. The purpose of the Village Innovation Ambassador Programme is to introduce essential oil distillation technology, provide guidance on farm business management for cultivating and processing essential oils, find marketing links for the essential oils produced, and support the MBKM Campus Merdeka Belajar programme, especially KPI 2 = Students get off-campus experience, KPI 3 = Lecturers have off-campus activities, and KPI 5 = Lecturers' work results are used by the community. The method of implementing community service uses several methods, namely socialisation, counseling, training, coaching and mentoring to the young farmer conscious forest farmer group of Bojong Murni Village, Ciawi-Bogor Regency. The results of community service activities are in the form of increased knowledge and information about essential oil distillation in the Young Farmer Conscious Forest Farmer Group and increased awareness so that they can prepare themselves for the establishment of home industry scale essential oil distillation in the following year.

Turmeric extract gel and honey in post-cesarean section wound healing: A preliminary study.

Delivery by cesarean section (SC) increases the risk of a surgical site infection (SSI). Therapy from health services and complementary therapy reduce the risk of infection and accelerate the wound-healing process. This study compared wound healing after SC with a turmeric extract gel and original Trigona honey. Female white rats ( Rattus novergicus) with pre- and post-testing and a control group were included in this experiment, which was conducted in June-July 2022. The test animals were 56 female white rats, 2-4 months old, weighing 150-350 g. The treatment group was divided into three subgroups with application of 50% and 75% turmeric extract gel and Trigona honey. The turmeric was given twice daily, and the honey was divided into two applications of twice a day and once a day. Wounds were assessed using the Reeda Scale. The fastest wound healing occurred in the group given Trigona honey twice daily. Redness, ecchymosis, and edema disappeared in this group on day 9 (score 0), and granulation tissue formed on day 9. The group that was administered 50% and 75% turmeric gel extract and Trigona honey once a day healed by days 12 and 15, respectively; all three of these interventions were better than the control group. Administering Trigona honey twice daily was more effective for accelerating wound healing than the 50% or 75% turmeric extract gel. Original Trigona honey has the potential to be a post-SC wound healing agent.

Characterization of Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects of Trigona Stingless Bee Honey Compared to Stinging Bee Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus Honeys.

The antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties of tropical honey types including Malaysian stingless bee honey remain explicitly unexplored when compared with Apies honey. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of the Malaysian Trigona honey were characterized with two stinging bee honey types (Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus honeys) from Jordan. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial investigations were conducted on a set of seven microbial strains; five bacterial species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and two fungal strains Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei ATCC 14243. The antimicrobial investigations revealed a broad spectrum activity for Trigona honey against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains over the two honey types. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the zone of inhibition ranging from 9 to 25 mm and minimum inhibition activity (MIC) ranged from 9.4-29.6% (w/v) against the microbial strains. Moreover, the addition of honey to established biofilms has induced a degradation activity in the biofilm mass. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant biofilm degradation proportion (p < 0.001) ranging from 1.3% to 91.3% following treatment with Trigona honey and the other honey types in relevance to the concentration ranging from 10% to 50% (w/v). Moreover, the antibiofilm activity was highly consistent with MIC affecting bacterial growth inhibition. In conclusion, a robust antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity for Trigona stingless bee honey over the stinging bee Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus honeys is noticed which endows the usage of Trigona honey in the antimicrobial industry.

Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui inovasi pembuatan permen Madu Trigona dan Nira desa Sigar Penjalin

Stunting remains an unresolved issue in North Lombok, NTB, Indonesia. One of the government's efforts to reduce stunting rates involves ensuring nutritional fulfillment for mothers and expectant mothers, which can be obtained from local food sources. Nira (palm sap) and Trigona honey are local commodities available in Tanjung, North Lombok. Unfortunately, these commodities have not been optimally utilized for nutritional fulfillment or as income sources. Typically, Nira is only sold as fresh sap, fermented beverage (tuak), or palm sugar, which have relatively low market values. Combining Nira and Trigona honey to create high-value candy products represents an opportunity. This community service project aimed to improve welfare and nutrition in Sigar Penjalin Village by assisting in the production of hard candy from Trigona honey and Nira Aren as a potential local delicacy to combat stunting and enhance local income. The implementation involved 16 community members organized by UMKM Rangsot Kreatif. The training used ingredients like brown sugar, granulated sugar, glucose syrup, Trigona honey, and water. The training stages included preparation, material delivery, hands-on practice, and evaluation through pretests and posttests to measure participants' knowledge, skills, and interests. The pretest results showed a total score of 627 out of 960 (65.31%), indicating a moderate level of understanding. After the training, the posttest showed a significant improvement, with a total score of 829 out of 960 (86.35%), indicating a very high level of understanding. This activity highlights the importance of technological support and the utilization of local resources in developing nutritious and economical snack products, supporting improvements in community nutrition and economy, and providing alternative solutions in local product processing

Marketing of non-timber forest products as products from the Protected Forest Management Unit Batutegi, Lampung, Indonesia

Batutegi PFMU has much potential for NTFPs, which have been developed in coffee, palm sugar, and honey. The marketing of NTFPs needs attention because what often happens is inefficient marketing, so it doesn’t provide additional income for the community. This study aimed to identify marketing channels, functions, and efficiency based on marketing margins, farmers’ share, and profit-to-cost ratio. There are three marketing channels for coffee, two for palm sugar, and three for honey. The marketing functions performed by farmers, collectors, wholesalers, exporters, KUPS, cooperatives, and resellers are exchange, physical, and facilitation functions. Channel 1 palm sugar is an efficient marketing channel with a marketing margin of IDR 13,724.19 per kilogram, a farmer’s share of 100%, a profit ratio of 15.03, and marketing channel 1 honey with a marketing margin of IDR 224,112.70 per kilogram (Trigona honey), and IDR 124,494.35 per kilogram (Cerana and Dorsata honey), a farmer’s share of 100%, and profit ratio of 10.21 (Trigona honey) and 6.47 (Cerana and Dorsata honey).

Volatile compounds in Trigona honey and their potential as antimicrobials

Indonesia is rich in natural resources, one of which is honey, which needs to be developed to improve quality and have competitiveness. This study aimed to determine the volatile compounds in Trigona honey and their potential as antimicrobials. This research was carried out in four stages, namely the sample preparation stage, the extraction stage, the volatile compound identification stage, and the determination of volatile antimicrobial compounds stage. Trigona honey samples were obtained from Masamba, South Sulawesi. The extraction was carried out in the chemical laboratory of the Faculty of Chemistry, Hasanuddin University. Honey was extracted with two non-polar (n-hexane) and semipolar (ethyl acetate) organic solvents. Adjustment of volatile compounds extracted using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out at the The State Police of the Republic of Indonesia (POLRI) Forensic Laboratory. A total of twenty-seven volatile organic compounds including carbonates, acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenolics, amines, imines and oximes were detected in the Trigona honey. Of the twentyseven volatile compounds found in Trigona honey, there were six compounds that have potential as antimicrobials namely heptadecane, benzoic acids 1,3 dioxolane, eicosane, 3- hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and phenolic compounds.

Application of BUMDES and MSME Technology through Collaborative Model Village Marketplace Design: Rasch Model Analysis of West Sumbawa Community Perceptions

West Sumbawa Regency consists of 8 sub-districts,57 village areas, and seven sub-districts. In the district area, institutionally, 57 Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) have been formed, which are spread across each sub-district. BUMDes is a business entity that is strongly supported by social capital, in addition to financial capital from the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes), which includes all efforts to strengthen the rural economy and is required to be the answer to problems of improvement economy and community welfare in the village. BUMDes is a means of driving the economy through various types of business in accordance with the village's potential. BUMDes in Taliwang District, West Sumbawa Regency, has a Savings and Loans Business Unit (USP), procurement of Office Stationery (ATK), sales of Fuel Oil (BBM), procurement of fertilizers and agricultural medicines, trade in agricultural and marine products, as well as communication services and transportation. The BUMDes in Maluk District, West Sumbawa Regency, have various businesses such as village stalls, market units, building management, boarding houses, and waste levies. Lastly, BUMDes in Seteluk District, West Sumbawa Regency, has economic activities in the form of distribution of necessities, Savings and Loan Business Units (USP), food crop production, plantations, animal husbandry, and fisheries, as well as mining, special energy, and management of minerals C. Apart from that, BUMDes in Seteluk District, West Sumbawa Regency, has several superior products or commodities such as freshwater fish, livestock, and Trigona honey

INTERACTION EFFECT OF APIS TRIGONA HONEY, ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS KEMUNING (MURRAYA PANICULATE), YAKON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS) AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTIONS

Objective: This study was investigated the antibacterial interaction of Murraya paniculate extract, Smallanthus sonchifolius extract, Apis trigona honey and their combinations for their interaction effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213.&#x0D; Methods: All extracts and honey were evaluated for antibacterial interaction effects both alone and in combination. The disk diffusion method was employed with clindamycin phosphate as the standard antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most potent extract was determined using microdilution assays and performed in line with CLSI guidelines.&#x0D; Results: Among all, S. sonchifolius extract provided the most effective inhibitory activity in higher inhibition than clindamycin phosphate with the range MIC value of 12.5-25% w/v. However, significant different interactions (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) were observed between honey and plant crude extracts. The S. sonchifolius extract displayed additive interaction with M. paniculate extract but antagonistic with A. trigona honey. The antagonistic interaction also produced when M. paniculate extract combined with A. trigona honey. Consequently, their total combination of all tested sample produced an additive interaction.&#x0D; Conclusion: Thus, we concluded that their combination was ineffective to be used as the antibacterial cocktails against S. aureus infections.

Contribution of Trigona Honey Bee Business (Trigona sp) to Farmers' Income in Bengkaung Village, West Lombok Regency

The research was conducted in Bengkaung Village, Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency with the aim of finding out farmers' income from Trigona Honey Bee (Trigona sp.) cultivation and plantation farming as well as analyzing the contribution of Trigona Honey Bee cultivation to the total of farmers' income. The research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews with farmers, while secondary data was obtained from related agencies. The number of respondents was 36 farmers. The data analysis took the form of income analysis, cost analysis and analysis of the percentage of contribution of the Trigona Honey Bee cultivation business to the total of farmers' income. The results show that the average annual income of farmers from the Trigona Honey Bee cultivation business is IDR. 15,162,075 while the average total income of farmers per year is IDR. 35,914,739 which means the contribution of the Trigona Honey Bee Cultivation is 42%. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced in cultivating Trigona Honey Bee are the shortages of bee's food during the rainy season, predator interference, lack of post-harvest knowledge which causes the queen of the bee to die during the harvesting process and the farmers' ignorance of good honey harvest times.

Turmeric extract gel and honey in post-cesarean section wound healing: A preliminary study

Background: Delivery by cesarean section (SC) increases the risk of a surgical site infection (SSI). Therapy from health services and complementary therapy reduce the risk of infection and accelerate the wound-healing process. This study compared wound healing after SC with a turmeric extract gel and original Trigona honey. Methods: Female white rats (Rattus novergicus) with pre- and post-testing and a control group were included in this experiment, which was conducted in June-July 2022. The test animals were 56 female white rats, 2-4 months old, weighing 150–350 g. The treatment group was divided into three subgroups with application of 50% and 75% turmeric extract gel and Trigona honey. The turmeric was given twice daily, and the honey was divided into two applications of twice a day and once a day. Wounds were assessed using the Reeda Scale. Results: The fastest wound healing occurred in the group given Trigona honey twice daily. Redness, ecchymosis, and edema disappeared in this group on day 9 (score 0), and granulation tissue formed on day 9. The group that was administered 50% and 75% turmeric gel extract and Trigona honey once a day healed by days 12 and 15, respectively; all three of these interventions were better than the control group. Conclusions: Administering Trigona honey twice daily was more effective for accelerating wound healing than the 50% or 75% turmeric extract gel. Original Trigona honey has the potential to be a post-SC wound healing agent.

Capital Fulfillment Strategy For Trigona Honey Bee Smes In Balangan Sembung Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency

Bali has started to develop honey bee cultivation of the stingless bee type. The type of honey bee that is widely cultivated by the people of Bali is the Trigona laevicep species known as "snake-kele" The cultivation of the honey bee kele-kele (Trigona Sp) is now being eyed by the public, because the results of this beekeeping are very promising, while in terms of investment costs it is not too big and this bee doesn't sting. Br Balangan, Sembung village, is one of the villages that has been cultivating honey bees, but they do not understand how efforts should be made to increase the number of bee colonies due to limited capital. Through the addition of bee colonies, it is hoped that the amount of production will increase and be profitable in the long term. In response to this, the University of Waradewa Community Service team provided assistance with the Strategy for fulfilling UKM Capital for the group of honeysuckle beekeepers at Br. Balangan, Sembung Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency.. Honey is a commodity from non-timber forest products (HHBK) which has many benefits, and there is quite a high demand for consumer honey for catfish honey, but currently the production of honey is still low due to a lack of colonies/ nest of sorrel. Breeders need to add more colonies by buying plots of catfish that already have queens from Kalimantan. In order to increase the capital of the breeders, it is necessary to provide assistance in determining the Strategy for fulfilling the Capital for UKM Honey Bees Trigona Sp. in Br. Balangan. Through the fulfillment of capital, honey production can increase so that Br. Balangan becomes a village producing catfish honey.

Optimization of Trigona Honey and Coating Material Formulations for Antioxidants and Physical Properties of Microencapsulation of Coriander Seed Extract Using the D-Optimal Mixture Method

The purpose of this study was to produce an optimal formulation of coriander seed extract microencapsulation products using the Mixture D-Optimal Design Expert program.The study consists of two stages. The first stage was the analysis of the coriander seed extract powder using the spray drying method without the use of coating materials and honey. The second stage was to determine the optimal formula using the D-Optimal Mixture method of Design Expert program through measurement of chemical responses (antioxidant activity, and water content), physical response. (particle size). The optimum formula obtained based on the Design Expert program with the D-Optimal Mixture method has a desirability value of 1 with the prediction value of each response being 395.124 ppm antioxidant activity, 2.329 % water content, and 2.967 µm particle size.

Indonesian Honey Consumers' Behavior and Sensory Preference for Commercial Trigona Honey

Consumption of honey has increased in recent years. This included trigona honey as a new market that is developing. This research was conducted to (1) identify the consumption patterns for Indonesian honey, and (2) identify the sensory attributes of honey considered ideal by consumers which influence consumer acceptance and satisfaction. There were 2 stages of activity in this study, including a consumption online survey by 225 respondents and a sensory testing of honey samples using the CATA (check-all-that-apply) method involving 64 untrained panelists. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and XLSTAT 2022 software. There were 4 honey samples used in this study: 2 Apis bee honey samples and 2 trigona honey samples. The study showed that the consumption pattern of Indonesian honey consumers is influenced by the consumers’ age and income. Health benefits, brand awareness, and taste of honey were the important factors in consumer behavior. Apis bee honeys were perceived as the ideal honey by consumers as they were very familiar with the taste. The sweet aroma, sweet aftertaste, caramel flavor, and viscous attributes of Apis bee honey were the attributes that the consumers like. The floral flavor and fruity aroma found in trigona honey were appealing. However, the strong sour aroma, taste, and aftertaste found in trigona honeys decrease the Indonesian consumers liking.

STUDY ON CHEMICAL QUALITY AND INHIBITORY EFFICACY OF TRIGONA BEE (Tetragonula clypearis) HONEY FROM BREEDERS IN EAST LOMBOK DISTRICT AGAINST Pseudomonas aeruginosa IN VITRO

Chemical properties and antimicrobial activity of honey can be affected by geographic location. The East Lombok region has varied geographical conditions including mountains and lowlands. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical quality and inhibition activity of trigona honey bee from Breeders in East Lombok District against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, which consisted of 6 (six) locations, namely breeders Dames Damai, Bintang Rinjani, Sukarema, Bebidas, Banjar Sari and Geres. Data were analyzed by ANOVA at a significance level of 5% using Co-Stat software. Significantly different data were further tested with a Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Data of phytochemical compounds (tannins and flavonoid) were analyzed using a descriptive method. The results showed that trigona honey obtained from 6 breeders in East Lombok had significantly different pH, water content and reducing sugar content. The pH of trigona honey obtained from 6 farms in East Lombok Regency is in the general pH range of trigona honey, which ranges from 2.99 to 3.33. Meanwhile, the water content of trigona honey obtained from 6 farms in East Lombok Regency was very high, namely 27.98 - 41.01% (bb) with very low reducing sugar levels, which only ranged from 25.22 - 30.92%. Therefore, all of these honey samples did not meet the quality standards based on SNI-8664-2018. The antimicrobial activity of trigona honey from 6 breeders in East Lombok showed very strong inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro because of the flavonoids content.

Pelatihan Diversifikasi Produk Madu di Kecamatan Pasirjambu, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat melalui Kolaborasi Luar Negeri dengan Thammasat University

The main problems found in the Malaya Farmer Group in Pasirjambu District which are partners, are problems related to honey bee harvesting techniques and the diversification of honey products. Some of the methods applied to achieve the target are coordination with domestic and foreign partners through outreach, discussions, identification of problem solutions, selection of alternative solutions to problems, and formulation of implementation stages. Then the implementation of training on honey bee harvesting techniques, the practice of making diversified honey products, and marketing the results of diversified honey products. The achievement of this community service has obtained data in the form of honey product diversification including Honey Combination Soap, Honey Ginger Candy, and Honey Milk Coffee Drinks with the MAZALI brand. In addition, through this community service, training on honey bee harvesting techniques was successfully carried out with the title Trigona Honey Bee Cultivation Training with the theme of Harvesting Techniques, Quality Assessment, and Diversification of Trigona Honey Products. It is hoped that this community service can provide benefits for the development of science, especially in order to help improve skills in honey bee harvesting techniques and develop various diversifications of honey products so that they can become superior in Pasirjambu District.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI SOSIALISASI DAN PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK TERNAK MADU TRIGONA (TETRAGONULA CLYPEARIS) DI DESA REBAN MADANI LINGSAR

Reban Madani Village is one of the expansion villages in the Batu Mekar area, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency. Reban Madani Village is a village with a fairly large area of agricultural land, plantations and community forest areas and has several natural tourism sectors so that it has great potential to cultivate trigona honey bees. Trigona honey bee cultivation is one of the creative economy-based community empowerment efforts, which is expected to support and contribute to improving the community's economy in the Batu Mekar village area, especially Reban Madani. This activity aims to develop Trigona honey with business management by initiating the formation of a Trigona honey livestock group with the main step being outreach to the community in Reban Madani Village. With the initial goal of "Community Empowerment Through Socialization and Formation of Trigona Honey Livestock (Tetragonula clypearis) Groups in Reban Madani Lingsar Village" as a supporter of the achievement of Reban Madani Village becoming one of the agro-ecotourism destinations in West Lombok. The target groups for this activity are the local community and the Karang Taruna Group. The results and outputs of the activities after the socialization was carried out, namely that the target community experienced an increase in understanding and skills so that they were able to form Trigona honey cultivation groups. It is hoped that through this activity creative ideas will be generated from the honey cattle groups that have been formed to get good and positive results as initial capital to get new and better livelihoods.