Trigona Honey Research Articles

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MADU TRIGONA TERHADAP MUTU MIKROBIOLOGI, KIMIA DAN SENSORIS YOGHURT SARI UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L.)

<p><em>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various concentrations of trigona honey on microbial, chemical and sensory quality of purple sweet potato juice yoghurt. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely concentration of trigona honey 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10%, and 12.5%. The parameters observed were the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, color, and sensory (aroma, taste, appearance and consistency). Observational data were analyzed by analysis of variance with a significance level of 5% using the Co-stat software. The real difference data was further analyzed using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for microbial, chemical, and sensory parameters. The result showed that the concentration of trigona honey had a significantly different effect on the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, and sensory properties of taste (hedonic), appearance (hedonic and scoring) and consistency (hedonic and scoring). The use of 5% trigona honey produced purple sweet potato juice yoghurt with the best quality the following characteristics: the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB) </em><em>9,89 ± 0,39 log CFU/mL, total lactic acid 1,28 ± 0,016 %, pH 3,48 ± 0,016, antioxidant activity 27,45 ± 1,45 %, viscosity 172 ± 0 cP, color 52,82 ± 2,58 </em><em>and other acceptable sensory qualities.</em></p>

Sayyid Honey MSME Development to Increase Trigona Honey Production Capacity

Sayyid Madu is an MSME that sells products in the form of quality pure honey which was founded in 2021. This business started with selling trigona honey and apis dorsata honey online, and received a good response from consumers. The good response was especially for the type of trigona honey. This causes the demand for trigona honey to increase rapidly so that better trigona honey-producing bee cultivation techniques are needed. The goal is to get the best quality and increase production capacity. Trigona honey also has the potential to reach national and international markets due to its efficacy in medical cases. As cultivation developed, the number of trigona bee colonies increased from 7 colonies with honey production of approximately 10 kg/month, at the beginning of January there was an addition of 20 colonies. The increase in this colony is expected to produce honey with more production than usual. To produce lots and lots of quality Trigona honey, breeders must have super colonies, namely colonies with large numbers, dense density, aggressiveness and very active activity. The colony of course requires nectar-producing plant vegetation, namely all plants that have flowers. The yield depends on the spring in the forest area where the bees nest. The main problem faced by Sayyid madu SMEs is Trigona honey production which is still minimal and inconsistent. The lack of production of trigona bee honey is caused by food sources that are less available in nature. In addition, the harvesting equipment that is owned is still lacking so that it can hamper harvesting and affect the quality of the honey produced. There are three alternative solutions implemented in this PKM, namely: (1) making artificial vegetation on residential land, (2) procuring dynamo-based manual nectar suction equipment, and (3) logs for beehives.

The effect of trigona honey supplement therapy on vascular cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients

The effect of trigona honey supplement therapy on vascular cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients

Trigona Honey Bee Cultivation as a Sustainable Agricultural Alternative in Bandarsari Village, Padangratu District, Central Lampung Regency

Padangratu District, Central Lampung Regency, is home to Bandarsari Village. The majority of the population works as farmers, mostly in oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, and rice fields. This village's location is ideal for the growth of honey bee agriculture. This service activity seeks to assist in the development of Trigona honey bee farming training as an alternative approach to sustainable agriculture. Residents were instructed in the production of Trigona honey bee growing techniques using lecture methods and field coaching. This is an ideal environment for the production of Trigona honey bees, since it is supported by plentiful natural resources such as fruit trees, plantations, and flowers. This activity is projected to produce information on Trigona honey bee culture and its benefits, knowledge of different forms of natural honey bee feed, and video lessons on Trigona honey bee cultivation. The outputs of Trigona honey bee farming are not just economically valuable. Bees' ecological role will also aid to preserve the plantation ecology and pollinate the fruit and flowers of the inhabitants. Trigona honey products are also advantageous as a source of living pharmacy that generates money. The most significant aspect is that the Trigona bee is stingless, making it safe for inhabitants and simple to care for.

Multiple Frequencies Five-Port Reflectometer (FPR) for Pure and Adulterated Honeys

Honey adulteration is one of the major health concerns among honey consumers, it is essential to inspect the quality of honey. One of the methods is to characterize the honey by using the microwave reflection technique. A Five-Port Reflectometer (FPR) is proposed in this work. The microstrip Five-Port ring junction circuit was designed for multiple frequencies of 0.60 GHz, 2.28 GHz, and 3.47 GHz. The fabricated circuit works with an analogue-digital converter, open-ended coaxial sensor, diode detectors and computer to form a complete FPR measurement system. The reflection measurements were conducted on Honey Gold and Trigona Honey for multiple frequencies. The performance of the FPR in s-parameter measurement was verified by Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). This study shown that the performance of FPR in term of reflection measurement has promising accuracy which is comparable with VNA. The FPR can be used as an alternative instrumentation system for characterizing pure and adulterated honey.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MADU TRIGONA TERHADAP MUTU YOGHURT UBI JALAR ORANGE (Ipomoea batatas L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of trigona honey concentration on the quality of orange sweet potato yogurt (Ipomoea batatas L.). The method used in this study was an experimental method with a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the addition of 6 treatments of trigona honey consisting of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. Parameters observed were total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total lactic acid, pH value, viscosity, color, aroma, taste and texture. Observational data were analyzed by analysis of variance at 5% significance level using Co-Stat software version 6.311. If there a significant difference, a further test is carried out with the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) follow-up test for microbiological, chemical, physical and organoleptic parameters. The results showed that the addition of trigona honey had significantly different effects on total lactic acid, degree of acidity (pH), total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), viscosity, and organoleptic properties of texture (scoring and hedonic), taste (scoring and hedonic) and aroma (scoring). Orange sweet potato yogurt with the addition of 10% trigona honey was the best treatment based on a total LAB value of 9.65 log CFU/mL, total lactic acid 0.83%, degree of acidity (pH) of 4.21, viscosity of 3373 cP and both of organoleptic scoring and hedonic had results that were acceptable by the panelists both on the parameters of aroma, taste, color and texture that were suitable.

Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Apis and Trigona Honey Types against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus Aureus on Various Heating

Heating in honey processing can inhibit fermentation, crystallization, and the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria. However, the effect of the honey heating process on the properties of honey and its antibacterial activity has not been further studied. Therefore, in this study, the properties of honey of both Apis and Trigona species from Bogor, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Lombok, were tested. The properties of honey, including water content, acidity, reducing sugar, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and diastase enzyme activity, were tested at heating temperatures 50, 70, and 90 °C. The antibacterial activity was determined using the disc method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the average water content and acidity values decreased after heating. However, the values met the SNI quality requirements with a water content value of < 22% and the acidity value not exceeding 50 mL NaOH 0.1 N/kg in the Apis and Trigona types of honey. The reduced sugar content fluctuated after heating all samples, and the average HMF level of honey increased after heating. However, the activity of the diastase enzyme decreased, although the value was still within the SNI standard value. The selected honey samples of the Apis and Trigona types were active in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but were not active against Escherichia coli.

Financial Analysis of Trigona Bees Farming Enterprise in Bali, Indonesia

Trigona Honey is one of the forest resources that has the potential to be developed in cultivation, this is due to the abundant source of feed for Trigona Bees. Kuwum Village in Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia, has enormous potential in developing Trigona honey farms because the village is still surrounded by various types of annual plants as plantation land as well as village greenery. The problem is that most of the farmers have not been able to clearly see academically whether the business they are developing is profitable in the long term or not even feasible to develop, so this study aims to conduct a financial analysis in the development of Trigona honey in Kuwum Village. Methods of collecting data and information by sampling method Non Random Sampling approach by taking key informants and then developed with the method of snowball sampling. The data collected were analyzed by using an investment feasibility analysis technique approach, namely Payback Pariod and Net Present Value. After analyzing the existing data, it was found that from the payback period of the invested capital in the form of purchasing Kukungan Trigona honey in an average of 10 units in an estimated effective harvest period of 7 years, capital can be returned within 4 years and 1 month. With indicators measuring interest rates and net cash inflows compared to the initial investment, you get a positive NPV, meaning that the investment is feasible to continue, even on a larger scale.

The Flavonoid Content of Bajakah Honey in Peatlands and Uplands in Kalimantan, Indonesia

The bajakah plant is a type of plant used by the Dayak ethnic community in Central Kalimantan. This plant is used to treat various diseases, especially cancer, and degenerative and supplements to increase stamina. The results of previous research found that bajakah contains phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The research also showed that red bajakah (Uncaria acida) revealed high flavonoid content in its stems, leaves, and twigs. Trigona honey (Heterotrigona itama) also contains high levels of flavonoids. This study aimed to determine whether a mixture of Bajakah stem extract and trigona honey from peatlands and uplands could increase the flavonoid content. The results showed that the flavonoid content increased with increasing red bajakah stem extract concentration with trigona honey from the peatlands and uplands. The highest results were obtained with a mixture of 0.225 mg of bajakah extract and 15 ml of trigona honey from peatlands with a flavonoid content of 29.580 mg/ml and a concentration of 0.150 mg/ml of bajakah extract and 15 ml of trigona upland honey, producing flavonoid content of 32.580 mg/ml.

A randomized study of an evaluation of Trigona honey as immunonutrition among ventilated pneumonia patients in intensive care unit

Background & Objective: Honey is one of the traditional drugs and has been widely used as a nutrient supplement for centuries. It is known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. We aimed to prove that natural honey can be added as a supplementary nutrient for its immunoprotective effects to the ventilated pneumonia patients in intensive care unit (ICU).
 Methodology: A total of 40 ventilated pneumonia patients were randomized to receive enteral feeding with honey (n = 20) or without honey (n = 20). A bolus of 20 g of honey was given every day for 5 days together with normal enteral nutrition. The baseline vital signs, ventilator settings, blood samples for C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and blood sugar level were taken on the day of recruitment (Day 0) and subsequently on Day 3 and Day 6.
 Results: There were significant changes in IL-6 level over time in honey group with mean decrease of IL-6 from 265.1 pg/ml on Day 0 to 101.8 pg/ml on Day 6 (P < 0.001). There was no significant effect on CRP (P = 0.22), IL-10 (P = 0.548), IgA (P = 0.197), WBC count (P = 0.640) and blood sugar level between both groups (P > 0.05). Duration of antibiotic use between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference with P = 0.075 and length of ICU stay.
 Conclusion: Trigona honey showed the beneficial effect of immunonutrition to ventilated pneumonia patients in ICU by significantly decreasing the level of IL-6.
 Abbreviations: CAP: community acquired pneumonia; CRP: C-reactive protein; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; HAC: hospital acquired pneumonia; ICU: intensive care unit; IL-6: interleukin-6; Ig-A: immunoglobulin A; NGT: Nasogastric tube; RBS: random blood sugar; VAP: ventilator associated pneumonia
 Citation: Zaini RHM, Omar SC, Binti Ismail IS, Wan Hassan WMN, Seevaunnamtum P, Che Hussin CM. A randomized study of an evaluation of Trigona honey as immunonutrition among ventilated pneumonia patients in intensive care unit. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(5):649-655; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i5.1990

PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI BUDIDAYA LEBAH TRIGONA PENGHASIL MADU DI DESA SUDIMORO KECAMATAN TULUNG KABUPATEN KLATEN

: Sudimoro Village is one of the villages in Klaten Regency. Most of the residents of Sudimoro Village are engaged in agriculture. Meanwhile, Sudimoro Village has the potential for natural tourism that can be a source of food for Trigona honey bees. Trigona honey bee cultivation is expected to be able to empower the community's economy so that the surrounding community has economic resources other than agriculture. Trigona honey bee cultivation is expected to produce honey that can be a product of Sudimoro Village to support the One Village One Product Program. In addition, it is expected to be able to attract tourists to visit Sudimoro Village. The implementation method used in this activity is counseling, lectures, question and answer discussions, then continued with mentoring training. The target partners in this Community Service activity are the Sudimoro Village Community, the Kalimosodo Tourism Object Management, and PKK women. The results achieved from this service activity are that the target partners are able to cultivate trigona honey-producing bees, starting from breeding to producing honey.

Designing a Honey Quality Tool Based on Gas Sensor and Color Sensor

Honey has many benefits. Thus, honey counterfeiting often occurs with the ever-increasing demand. However, many do not know how to distinguish between real and fake honey, even honey breeders and hunters find it difficult to tell the difference. The honey used to test the quality of honey is honey produced by Apis dorsata bees or wild bees, the nectar consumed by these bees is the kesambi tree, the kesambi tree that grows a lot on the slopes of Mount Tambora, Bima district. Honey contains a lot of antioxidants such as vitamin C, pinocembrin, chrysin, pinobaksin, catalase, and many other ingredients that are very beneficial for the health of the body. Testing the authenticity of honey using two sensors, namely a gas sensor and a color sensor, the tool has been connected to a database and web application to display test data. The web application can be accessed from any location as long as it is connected to the internet network. The results of the research are the ideal distance for measurements is carried out as far as 2 cm. The success rate in testing pure honey with a mixture of honey has different values, such as the value of pure honey has a gas sensor voltage of 3.3 volts while the value of mixed honey with 50% pure honey and 50% sugar, the value of the gas sensor voltage is 2.54 volts. Mixed honey has a voltage below 3 volts. The results of the color sensor test, namely the sensor output have different values, the RGB value for pure honey is red 206, green 246, and blue 182 while the RGB value for mixed honey is for 20% pure honey and 80% sugar mixture produces an RGB value of Red 156, Green 210, Blue 171. The color sensor can distinguish between real honey and mixed honey for trigona honey.

Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan dengan Budidaya Lebah Madu Trigona di Desa Sigerongan Kecamatan Lingsar Kabupaten Lombok Barat

House yard is one of the resources that can be used for various productive activities, one of which is the business of Trigona honey bee cultivation. Trigona honey bee cultivation business provides many benefits, including honey, propolis, bee bread, all of which are very useful for public health and can also be a business opportunity. The location of community service activities is in the sub village of Jati Mekar, Sigerongan Village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency. The method of implementing the activities used is lecture method, discussion and practice of how to harvest honey, breaking up bee colonies and making bee bread energy drinks. The participants of the activity were the people of Jati Mekar Sub village, Sigerongan Village (youth group). The results of the activity were considered very positive, as it could increase the knowledge of the participants and the participants were motivated to do the business. The evaluation shows that the extension and practice activities are very useful in increasing public knowledge about Trigona bee cultivation, and the activities can be carried out again in the same location with continued activities or in different locations with the same theme

Microwave Dielectric and Reflection Analysis on Pure and Adulterated Trigona Honey and Honey Gold

Microwave Dielectric and Reflection Analysis on Pure and Adulterated Trigona Honey and Honey Gold

Effect of Maja (Aegle marmelous) Leaf Extract and Trigona Honey on Glucosidase Activity Inhibition

Effect of Maja (Aegle marmelous) Leaf Extract and Trigona Honey on Glucosidase Activity Inhibition

Status and Prospective of Beekeeping in Bhutan: A Review

Beekeeping is an ancient tradition in Bhutan. The country is divided into six agro-ecological zones and about 70.5% of the total land is covered with natural forest. Total six honey bee species are found. Three of them are kept in traditional and modern hives for honey production. Among the four regions, east central region produces the maximum honey followed by west central, western and eastern regions. The honey price per kg is Nu.5,000 ( US $ 63.5 ) to 7,000 (US $ 88.9) for Trigona honey, Nu.550 (US $ 6.9 ) to 1,410 (US $ 17.9) for A. cerana honey and Nu.700 (US $ 8.9 ) to 1,000 (US $ 12.7) for A. mellifera honey respectively. Currently, the estimated number of three species of honey bee colonies in Bhutan is 18,000 including traditional and modern hives. As domestic honey production cannot meet the growing market demand of the honey, Bhutan imports the quantity equal to its annual production from India to meet the domestic market demand. Beekeeping sector development was mainly constrained by the lack of a laboratory facilities and absence of breeding station for bee selection and breeding. Further, pests and predators, agro-chemical use and the negative impact of climate change are hindering beekeeping sector development. To address these problems, government and non-government organizations including private sectors are collectively putting their efforts to improve the sector.

Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hemato-biochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Honey from Trigona species is widely used as herbal medicine in humans due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects as well as the potential to increase body resistance and boost blood formation. The current study aimed to determine the hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with Trigona honey. The hematology profile included the measurement of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte index, as well as blood biochemical parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and blood sugar. A total of 12 local dogs aged 4 months old were divided into two treatment groups, namely the control group (G1) and treatment with liquid Trigona honey at a dosage of 5 ml/dog/day (G2) for 35 days. Then, blood was collected and tested for routine and chemical blood assay. The results showed that the administration of fresh Trigona honey (5 ml/day for 5 weeks) exhibited a significant increase in most of hematological variables of dogs with atopic dermatitis, compared to G1. The results of blood biochemical profiles (AST, ALT, and blood glucose) remained unaffected by the treatment of Trigona honey. It can be concluded that honey from Trigona spp. was safe to be given to the dogs with dermatitis and no adverse physiological effects were observed during the present study.

LAPORAN KASUS: KESEMBUHAN ENTERITIS HEMORAGIKA PADA ANAK ANJING KACANG YANG TERINFEKSI CANINE PARVOVIRUS

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an infectious disease with clinical signs of bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic enteritis) which is cause of death in infected dogs. A five-month-old female local dog with a weight of 4.3 kg, black and white coat on the ventral side came to the Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of weakness, loss of appetite since the day before and vomiting in the morning of the examination. The dog is rescued and never been vaccinated before. Clinical examination showed weakness such as holding pain, pink pale eye mucosae, delayed skin turgor, Capillary Refill Time (CRT) more than two seconds, and increased respiratory rate. Dogs do not respond to handfeeding. On observation the dog experienced clear and foamy vomiting and foul-smelling bloody diarrhea. The native stool faecal examination showed negative results, while the CPV antigen rapid test examination showed positive results. Complete blood count showed that on the first day of hospitalization the dog had leukopenia, granulocytopenia, hyperchromic normocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The dog was diagnosed with CPV with a dubious prognosis. Dogs were given fluid therapy using sodium chloride 0.9% infusion and vitamin B complex, anti-emetic ondansetron, antibiotic cefotaxime, and vitamin K. Dogs were also treated with traditional medicine Fu Fang 1 mL and trigona honey 1 mL. Dogs are given a special feed Hills Prescription Diet A/D Urgent Care. The dog's condition improved after offering therapy for seven days and the dog was declared cured and could be sent home on the ninth day.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin Desa Rompegading Kabupaten Maros melalui Pengembangan Meliponikultur

The forest bee farmer group in Rompegading Village still has problems regarding the limitions of hunting for forest bees which are only seasonal, safety and environmental risks and limited knowledge of trigona bee cultivation. With the program offered, the community can start a new business, namely trigona bee cultivation independently. The implementation of this program stars from socializing the introduction and potential of trigona bees, opening/cleaning cultivation/meliponiary areas, making bee houses, making paths to bee houses, planting food/flowers around bee houses, making bee boxes, searching for colonies in nature, installation of meliponiary signage, site fencing and monitoring and evaluation of activities. The activity was carried out for approximately 5 months starting from July to November 2021. The first harvest of 500 ml of trigona honey was sold and became a special satisfaction for member of the partner group. The Trigona Bee Thematic Village Development Program as an Effort for Community Empowerment in Rompegading Village, Maros Regency can be considered to have gone well because all activities carried out are carried out according to the scheduled timeline. It is hoped that from this PHP2D, the community of partner forest farmer groups have skills in trigona bee cultivation by utilizing the potential of the surrounding environment, so this can be the first step for them to start a trigona bee cultivation business so that it is hoped that a thematic village that is independent and caring for the environment will be created.

Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels of dogs with complex dermatitis after trigona honey therapy

Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels of dogs with complex dermatitis after trigona honey therapy