Triglyceride Levels In Rats Research Articles

The Effect of Green Grape Extract on Serum Triglyceride Levels in Rats

The Effect of Green Grape Extract on Serum Triglyceride Levels in Rats

Hepatic polypeptide nutrient solution improves high-cholesterol diet-induced rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Hepatic polypeptide nutrient solution (HP) is a mixture of hepatoprotective peptides derived from fresh porcine liver with various effects. However, the role and mechanisms of HP in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still not well understood. We investigated the effects of HP NAFLD rats induced by high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were provided with HCD for 4 weeks and then received HP or metformin after 2 weeks of HCD feeding. The study found that HP reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats with NAFLD (all p < .05). Histopathological examination also showed that HP improved the liver lesions induced by the HCD diet. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of NAFLD rats treated with HP were also improved. In addition, it was discovered that HP triggered the activation of AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS while enhancing the expression of PPAR α and CPT-1 in liver. These findings indicated that HP might have therapeutic potential for NAFLD, possibly via activating AMPK signaling pathway.

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Mcfad.) and its phytochemical inhibits pancreatic lipase enzyme and modulates the saturated fat-induced obesity model

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and warrants numerous interventions, mostly using functional foods or medicinal plants to combating obesity. This review focuses on medicinal plants that elicit anti-obesity effect targeting pancreatic lipase enzyme (PLE). However, the putative processes of the plants targeting PLE and its consequential effects on triglyceride breakdown remains elusive. The effect of aqueous methanolic extracts, fractions and isolates of selected plants on PLE was tested in-vitro. The potent plant extract was examined for its effect on triglyceride levels in rats administered using saturated fat-rich coconut milk versus non-fat milk model in-vivo. Our observations illustrates that the Citrus paradisi aqueous methanolic extract (CPAME) inhibits PLE and modulate the saturated fat-induced weight gain and triglyceride levels. Whilst, the hesperidin isolated from CPAME has shown potential to inhibit PLE, the observations warrant further investigations on flavonoid and other compounds in grape fruit. Therefore, CPAME could be a promising target in combating obesity by inhibiting PLE.

Green chili (Capsicum frutescens) ethanol extracts lowered triglyceride levels in rats fed with high-fat diet

Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world’s leading cause of death. Capsaicinoids, naturally occurring alkaloids found in Capsicum peppers, have been shown to lower plasma lipids and prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy between Capsicum frutescens ethanol extract and statins on improving lipid profile in rats fed with high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five 3 months’ old rats weighing approximately 200 ±10 g were divided into five groups of five rats each: normal-fed (NF), high-fat diet fed (FF), high-fat fed with 10mg/kg BW Capsicum frutescens ethanol extract (FF-C), high-fat fed with 0.36 mg statin (FF-S), and high-fat fed with Capsicum extract and statin (FF-CS). The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Blood sample was then collected and analyzed for serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Results: Between treatment groups, there was a significant difference of TC and TG levels (p &lt; 0.05). The high-fat diet increased TC (mean difference (MD) 35.0 ± 9.7 mg/dL, p = 0.022) and TG (MD 76.67 ± 21.8 mg/dL, p = 0.026) significantly between NF and FF group. The addition of Capsicum frutescens decreased triglyceride levels significantly between FF and FF-C group (MD -39.4 ± 18.8 mg/dL, p = 0.038). No other significant difference was found between other treatment groups. Conclusion: The addition of Capsicum frutescens ethanol extract has shown to be effective in lowering triglyceride levels, but not other lipid profile parameters, among rats fed with high-fat diet.

The Effectiveness of Garlic Extract against Triglyceride Levels of Wistar Rats Induced by 50% Ethanol

Alcohol affects the metabolism of triglycerides. Excessive intake of fat, carbohydrates, and protein can increase triglyceride levels. In addition to fat and carbohydrates, factors that can affect triglyceride levels are age, lifestyle, smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, and liver disease. Triglyceride levels (&gt; 200 mg/dL) raise the risk of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of triglycerides of Wistar rats before and after induction of ethanol 50% and garlic extract therapy. The method was experimental, with a sample of 25 Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups. G1, rats were given 50% ethanol from day 9-14, G2, rats were only given distilled water, G3, G4, and G5 treatment groups at doses I, II, and III, after ethanol administration 50% on the 9th – 14th day followed by the administration of garlic extract at a dose of 200 mg/gr BW, 400mg/gr BW and 600 mg/ gr BW, respectively. Rat blood was taken on the 8th day before administration of ethanol and garlic extract and taken again on the 15th day after administration of ethanol and garlic extract, then triglycerides were measured using a photometer. The results showed that there were significant differences in triglyceride levels in G1 with G2, G3, G4, and G5. Triglyceride levels in rats before treatment and after administration of 50% ethanol and garlic extract 200 mg/gramBW increased but were still within normal limits.

Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of green synthesis silver nanoparticles on brain from rats with experimental diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, the main characteristic is that occurs with chronic hyperglycemia, due to insulin deficiency or resistance, or a combination of both. One of the organs most affected by the complications of DM is the brain because DM is closely related to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an imbalance of the cellular antioxidant defense system and mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been reported that the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. With the course of the disease, there are various complications at the brain level, such as the development of Alzheimer's, cognitive decline, alterations in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis, among others. On the other hand, traditional medicine has emerged as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases, including DM; one of the plants used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes is Eryngium carlinae, which has already been experimentally shown to have hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and can be used as an antidiabetic treatment. Moreover, new strategies have been sought to ensure a rapid and effective administration of drugs in recent years. One of these strategies is using green synthetic nanoparticles, which combine the use of plant extracts with metallic nanoparticles that ensure a more significant biological effect. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of the extract and its combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on glucose levels and mitochondrial function. AgNP was obtained from the aqueous extract of E. carlinae characterized by UV‐Vis and SEM. 36 male Wistar rats without or with experimental DM (STZ 45 mg/Kg of weight) were divided into 6 groups with n = 6 and were treated or not with a dose of 30 mg/Kg of weight of the aqueous extract of E. carlinae or with a dose of 30 mg/Kg of weight of the extract‐AgNP combination for 45 days. The diabetic group showed a significant increase in glucose and triglycerides in the blood, as well as the production of ROS and lipoperoxidation in mitochondria. Also, a decrease in SODmt, GPx and complexes I, II and III activities compared to the control group. Administration with the treatments in diabetic rats showed decreased ROS production and lipoperoxidation, they also restored the activities of SODmt, GPx and CTE complexes compared to the diabetic group, and only the group treated with the extract‐AgNP combination decreased significantly the blood glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the diabetic group. Our results suggest that the treatment with both E. carlinae aqueous extract and the extract‐AgNP combination can reverse the imbalance of the antioxidant defense system and ROS production, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, and only with the combination (extract‐AgNP) lowers glucose and triglyceride levels in rats with DM.

Efek Antihiperlipidemia Kombucha Daun Kari (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) pada Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Dengan High Fat dan PTU

Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) is a plant that is often used in cooking spices that are high in fat because curry leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such asalkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids that serve to inhibit the growth of free radicals and lower cholesterol levels. Generally curry leaves are processed traditionally in a simple form, while research will process curry leaves in the form of fermented beverages in the form of kombucha tea. This study aims to explore the process of making curry leaf kombucha tea and know the antihiperlipidemia effect. This research is descriptive and experimental, including material collection, simplisia making, phytochemical screening, fermentation of curry leaf kombucha, evaluation of dosage quality, testing of triglyceride levels in rats with Electrode-Based Biosensor technique. The mice used in this study were 25 and divided into 5 test groups. K1 (negative blank), K2 (Simvastatin), K3 (dose 100 ml), K4 (dose 150 ml), K5 (dose 200 ml) induced using 80% egg yolk and PTU 0.2%. The results showed that the quality evaluation of kombucha tea gave good results to pH 3.08-3.44 and did not experience changes in taste and smell. In the group of 5 doses of 200 ml with kombucha tea administration on the 7th to 15th day, it was shown that cholesterol levels decreased from 253.0 mg/dL to 92.2 ml/dL where these results were close to comparing (simvastatin) from 247.8 mg/dL to 79.2 mg/dL

Evaluation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Activities of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Tridax procumbens&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced in Wistar Rats

From the Asteraceaes family, Tridax procumbens is a wild species frequently found in fields, meadows and roadsides. It is traditionally used to treat yellow fever, typhoid fever, high blood pressure and diabetes. In this work we used the hydro-ethanolic extract of the leaves and stems of the plant and also the fractions of this extract to determine the preventive and therapeutic activities of the plant against obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The yields of the fractions obtained by decantation of the hydro-ethanolic extract are respectively 0.160% with hexane, 0.073% with dichloromethane, 0.09% with diethyl ether and 0.150% with ethyl acetate. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were induced in the rats submitted to a fatty and sweet diet for 28 days. Our results showed a significant increase in glycemia, weight and triglyceride level in rats that were subjected to the diet. On the other hand, the rats treated with the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight of Tridax procumbens extract during the induction showed a reduction in weight gain and an absence of increase in blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The ethyl acetate fraction of Tridax procumbens extract administered to fatty and hyperglycemic rats at 50 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days did not induce change in the blood sugar and triglycerides level of fatty and hyperglycemic rats. If it seems obvious that the extract of Tridax procumbens prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the ethyl acetate fraction does not seem to have a therapeutic effect.

EFFECTS OF PURE AND FAKE HONEY ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID PROFILE in vitro AND in vivo STUDY

Honey authenticity is one of the most critical honey trading issues worldwide. Fake honey (FH) represents almost 80% of the honey market in Malaysia. Apart from violating consumer’s rights, FH consists of none of the beneficial nutritional value other than pure honey (PH). Moreover, prolonged consumption of FH may cause harm to human health. However, data regarding these issues is limited. In this study, both PH and FH were tested using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese Sprague Dawley rats. Initially, a physicochemical analysis was performed on both the honey samples according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission and International Honey Commission procedures. After 72 hr, PH significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels in the adipocytes. In the rats, low glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly detected after orally administered for 16 weeks. Conversely, FH significantly induced higher lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels in adipocytes and excess high blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in rats. The results demonstrated that FH has negative effects on lipid metabolism, and prolonged consumption may cause health complications. Furthermore, prompt actions are required to address this problem.

Effects of ingested nanomaterials on tissue distribution of co-ingested zinc and iron in normal and zinc-deficient mice

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) reduced serum triglyceride levels in rats when co-administered with heavy cream by gavage. Do CNF and other nanomaterials (NMs) alter the tissue distribution and retention of co-administered metal ions? We evaluated whether 5 different NMs affected tissue distribution of co-ingested 65Zn++ and 59Fe+++ in zinc-replete versus zinc-deficient mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either zinc-replete or zinc-deficient diets for 3 weeks, followed by gavage with NM suspensions in water containing both 65ZnCl2 and 59FeCl3. Urine and feces were measured for 48 h post-gavage. Mice were euthanized and samples of 22 tissues were collected and analyzed for 65Zn and 59Fe in a gamma counter. Our data show that zinc deficiency alters the tissue distribution of 65Zn but not of 59Fe, indicating that zinc and iron homeostasis are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Among the tested NMs, soluble starch-coated chitosan nanoparticles, cellulose nanocrystals, and TiO2 reduced Zn and Fe tissue retention in zinc-deficient but not in zinc-replete animals.

Preventive effects of soy lecithin in combination with flavonoids on stz induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

The present research work was design to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of Crude Soy lecithin (CSL) in combination with Flavonoids. Various dosed of CSL, quercetin and rutin were standardized and effective dose of CSL, quercetin and rutin was selected. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing (200-225 g) were subjected to overnight fasting to induced diabetics by STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.) and blood sample was collected after 72 hrs to conform diabetics. Rats with blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl were selected for further study. A dose of combination of CSL and quercetin with rutin p.o. was administered 60 min prior to blood sample withdrawal for estimation of glucose level. Positive control group were treated with STZ injected rats and negative control with metformin (100 mg/kg bw). Effect of CSL in combination with Flavonoids on Blood glucose level, Total Cholesterol level and Total Triglyceride level was evaluated. The results suggested treatment with CSL, quercetin and rutin were significantly decrease plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride level in rats as compared to STZDiabetic rats. CSL show anti-diabetic effect alone and in combination with Flavonoids on STZ Induced Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Rats.

Screening of lactic acid bacteria with cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vitro and evaluation of probiotic function

To screen the lactic acid bacteria with cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vitro and evaluate their probiotic function. By plate separating, cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vitro were determined; and by evaluating the probiotic functions, including tolerances to simulated gastric and intestinal juice, the antibacterial spectrum, and the adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells, the probiotic strains with cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vitro were screened, and then were identified by phenotypical and physiological tests and 16Sr DNA. Finally, the cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vivo of the strains were evaluated using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two strains L2-16 and L2-73 with stronger cholesterol-lowering and triglyceride-lowering activity in vitro, stronger tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells, and wider antibacterial spectrum were screened from traditional Chinese fermented cucumber and were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. Compared with a hyperlipidemia diet without lactic acid bacteria, the diet supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus L2-16 and Enterococcus faecalis L2-73 significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, the diet supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus L2-16 and Enterococcus faecalis L2-73 significantly increased the fecal elimination of bile acids (P < 0.05). Lactobacillus acidophilus L2-16 and Enterococcus faecalis L2-73 may have application prospect in the production of some fermented foods such as fermented vegetables, milk, or meat, and probiotic preparations with the function to lower the serum lipid and liver lipid levels.

Effects of Rice Varieties on Weight, Blood Glucose and Triglyceride Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats

Background. Rice is the staple food in the Philippines, and the major carbohydrate source that greatly affect the weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels of the population.&#x0D; Objective. The objective of the researchers was to determine the effects of white, brown and red rice varieties on weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels in rats.&#x0D; Methods. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with diets of cooked rice of different rice variety; white, brown and red. Weight was measured using a digital laboratory weighing scale. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were measured by glucometer (OneTouch®) and Humalyzer Primus®, respectively.&#x0D; Results. Rats fed with white rice had the greatest increase in weight and blood glucose levels, and red rice had the least increase. For the postprandial blood glucose test, all three rice groups reached their peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes, with white rice having the greatest value, followed by brown rice, and lastly, red rice. Rats fed with red rice had the greatest decrease in triglyceride level.&#x0D; Conclusion. In this study, consumption of white rice contributes to weight gain, blood glucose level increase and minimal triglyceride level change compared to brown and red rice.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. ameliorates titanium dioxide nanoparticles and induced some toxic effects in rats' blood.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used as a white pigment in food and drugs. The most important route of human exposure to TiO2 is through food and drug products containing TiO2 additives. This study investigates the efficacy of an oral traditional use of rosemary extract in ameliorating some toxic effects induced on blood of TiO2 NP-intoxicated rats. Rats were given rosemary extract via intragastric administration 1h before the intragastric administration of 100mg/kg/day TiO2 NPs (10nm) for 60days. TiO2 NPs significantly increased serum cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels of rats. They also induced significant oxidative stress and inflammatory and caused DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. The rosemary extract appears to have a significant protective effect by lowering glucose level properties, restoring the lipid profile and showing an antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antigenotoxic properties against TiO2 NPs toxicity. In conclusion, this study gives an encouraging scientific basis for consumers of rosemary leaves to keep on with this culinary habit.

WITHDRAWN: Protective role of activin receptor-like kinase 7 gene silencing in renal fibrosis

Abstract renal fibrosis is a process of excess accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in kidney. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a vital role in accumulation of ECM through initiating phosphorylated Smad2/3. Whether activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), a member of TGF-β superfamily, was involved in renal interstitial fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ALK7 participates in renal fibrosis via regulating phosphorylated Smad2/3 in high-fat diet (HFD) rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control, HFD, HFD + Vehicle and HFD + ALK7-siRNA. The metabolic index, ALK7 expression and collagen deposition in renal tissue were measured, and renal fibrosis was evaluated by stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff. HFD induced insulin resistant state accompanied by increased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats. HFD enhanced the expression of ALK7 which involved the renal fibrosis, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylated Smad2/3. Additionally, ALK7 gene silencing reduced renal fibrosis along with decreased Smad2/3 phosphorylation. ALK7 gene silencing plays a protective role in renal fibrosis in rats with HFD and might be an effective treatment target of HFD-induced renal fibrosis.

Effect of Moringa Oleifera on Lipid Profile in Rats

Background: Coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia are primary causes of death worldwide. Moringa Oleifera tree was used as a health supplement introduced to Africa from India. Its leaves have various biological activities, including hypolipidemic effect. Objective(s): The aim of present study was to assess the effect of Moringa Oleifera consumption on lipid profile and histopathology of the liver in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: A total of 50 male albino rats were divided into five equal groups. Group I was left as control and fed on standard diet only. Group II was fed on standard diet and orally injected with 400 mg/kg of rat body weight extract of Moringa Oleifera. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the remaining 30 rats by feeding an atherogenic diet for four weeks. Group III was fed on atherogenic diet only. Group IV was fed on atherogenic diet and orally injected with 400 mg/kg of rat body weight extract of Moringa Oleifera. Group V was fed on atherogenic diet with 2mg/kg of rat body weight Atorvastatin drug. Lipid profile of rat blood was measured including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Liver tissue was evaluated by carrying out histopathological examination. Results: The rats fed on Moringa Oleifera showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL by 26.8% and 40.6% respectively compared to baseline values after 4 weeks. Although VLDL and TG showed slight increase by 5.6% and 5.1% respectively, they were still within the normal range. Otherwise, there was a significant increase in LDL, VLDL, TC, and total TG levels in rats fed on atherogenic diet only by 17.13%, 195.4%, 29.2%, and 193% respectively compared to baseline values after 4 weeks. Atorvastatin drug affected the HDL level, as it increased by 16.4% % 28% from baseline after two and four weeks respectively. Atorvastatin and Moringa Oleifera decreased VLDL level by 53.9% & 36.5% respectively when compared to rats fed on atherogenic diet. Conclusion: Moringa Oleifera was comparable to hypolipidemic medication (Atorvastatin) in improving the lipid profile of rats fed on atherogenic diet. Moringa Oleifera intake is more effective in prevention than in treatment of hyperlipidemia. Keywords: lipid profile, atherosclerosis, Moringa Oleifera, atherogenic diet, atorvastatin.

Pharmacological evaluation of novel furan‐2‐carboxamide derivatives as antihyperlipidemic agents in triton‐induced rats (794.4)

A new series of Furan‐2‐carboxamide derivatives of anthraquinone (compounds N1, N3, N5) were synthesized and tested in vivo using Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemic rat as an experimental model for their hypolipidemic activity. The tested animals were divided into six groups: control, hyperlipidemic, N1, N3, N5 and bezafibrate. The designed target derivatives, compounds N1, N3 were inactive. Compound N5 has shown a significant reduction in triglyceride level in rats by 66.5% after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemic group. Furthermore, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in compound N5 (p &lt; 0.001) after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemia group and also compound N5 significantly reduced LDL‐C level (p&lt; 0.001) after 18 h in comparison to the hyperlipidemia group. Furthermore, the total cholesterol level was reduced by 85% after 18 h in compound N5 compared to HLG‐treated rats. The present study demonstrated new properties of novel series of furan‐2‐carboxamides N5 as a potent lipid‐lowering agent. It is therefore reasonable to assume that this compound may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.Grant Funding Source: This research is supported by Al‐Zaytoonah University of Jordan

EFFECT OF SNIFFING OF KENCUR (KAEMFERIA GALANGAL) ESSENTIAL OILS IN RATS

The purposes of this research were to separate constituent of kencur (Kaemferia galangal) essential oil and to evaluate their effects on rats by sniffing method. Separation of kencur essential oil by silica gel column chromatography resulted in 11 fractions and one pure compound. Based on GC-MS and NMR data, the pure compound was 2-propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl ester (EPMC) and fraction 2 consisted of δ-3-carene as a major component. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: normal group which consumed normal diet, negative control group which consumed high cholesterol diet without treatment, crude oil group, fraction 2 group and EPMC group which consumed high cholesterol diet with sniffing kencur crude oil, fraction 2 and EMPC, respectively. The results showed that the HDL, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat’s blood which sniffed the oils for 5 weeks were significantly different for each group (P<0.05). In conclusion, fraction 2 which consisted of δ-3-carene had slimming effect while kencur crude essential oil and EPMC decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride level in rats’ blood.

Dietary soybean peptides containing a low-molecular fraction can lower serum and liver triglyceride levels in rats.

We investigated the effects of dietary soybean peptides, particularly low-molecular-weight peptides, on serum and hepatic concentrations of lipids in rats. Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was digested with protease to produce low-molecular-weight peptides (LD) or a mixture of high- and low-molecular-weight peptides (HLD). Rats were fed diets containing 20% casein, SPI, LD or HLD as a nitrogen source, with or without 0.5% cholesterol, for 2 wk. Next, rats were fed cholesterol-free diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% LD at the expense of casein for 2 wk. Serum triglyceride levels were the lowest in the LD group, and liver triglyceride levels were significantly lower in rats fed SPI and LD/HLD diets than in those fed casein diets, both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol. In addition, dietary LD significantly lowered serum and liver triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that low-molecular-weight soybean peptides have a potent hypotriglyceridemic effect and may be beneficial for improving lipid metabolism.

Pulpal and periodontal diseases increase triglyceride levels in diabetic rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats and their relationship with pulpal and periodontal diseases. Eighty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into the following eight groups comprising ten animals each: normal rats (G1), rats with pulpal diseases (G2), rats with periodontal diseases (G3), rats with both pulpal and periodontal diseases (G4), diabetic rats (G5), diabetic rats with pulpal diseases (G6), diabetic rats with periodontal diseases (G7), and diabetic rats with both periodontal and pulpal diseases (G8). Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin, periapical lesions were induced by exposing pulpal tissue to the oral environment, and periodontal diseases were induced by periodontal ligature. The animals were killed after 30 days, and lipid profile was enzymatically measured using Trinder's method. The total assessed values were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The triglyceride levels of diabetic rats with periodontal disease and of diabetic rats with both periodontal and pulpal diseases were significantly higher than those of normal rats and nondiabetic group rats, respectively. The differences in the cholesterol levels among the groups were not significant. We found that the association of pulpal and periodontal diseases with diabetes increased triglyceride levels in rats. Changes in lipid profile may be related to the presence of oral infections and diabetes.