Triglyceride In Group Research Articles

Effects of antipsychotics on triglyceride trajectories and its implications in CVD: A longitudinal cohort study.

SummaryBackgroundAlthough the association between short-term antipsychotics exposure and triglycerides (TG) levels has been confirmed, the effects of long-term antipsychotics exposure on TG trajectories and its implications in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains largely unknown.MethodsA total of 39,988 participants with at least 3 TG measurements between January 2014 and February 2021 were included in this longitudinal study, with a median follow-up was 4.48 years. A latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM) was used to identify TG trajectories. Based on the LCGMM parameters, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) and estimated the effect of antipsychotics on AUC and TG trajectory slopes. The primary outcome was CVD events. We also investigated and compared the association between antipsychotics and CVD in subgroups stratified by TG trajectory and TG levels.FindingsA total of 11,543 CVD events were documented and the incidence density was 64.64 per 1000 person-years. We identified two TG trajectories labeled as inverse-U shape (30.77%, n=12306) and low-decreasing (69.23%, n=27682). The antipsychotic exposure increased total AUC by 13% and increased the slopes of TG trajectories before age 48 years. In the inverse-U and low-decreasing group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for antipsychotics associated with CVD were 1.40 (1.21-1.62) and 1.29 (1.14-1.45), respectively, and the difference between the two trajectory groups become larger with the increase of the antipsychotic exposure. The association of antipsychotics with CVD (HR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.36-2.19) in inverse-U trajectory and high TG group was stronger than that in other subgroups.InterpretationLong-term antipsychotic exposure increased the TG burden and TG increase rate early in life. The strength of the association between antipsychotics and CVD risk in the inverse-U group was stronger than that in the low-decreasing group.FundingThe National Key Research and Development Program of China, Shandong Province Major Science and Technology Innovation Project, and National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Lipoprotein Levels in Early Adulthood and NAFLD in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective We evaluated the association of apolipoprotein B (apoB) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in early adulthood with concordant/discordant associations and midlife NAFLD. Methods Participants from the CARDIA study were included (n = 2,655; baseline mean age: 25.0, 59.1% female, and 48.6% black). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield units after excluding other causes of liver fat. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of Y25 NAFLD among tertiles of apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG and quartiles of the apoB/TG ratio. Discordance/concordance analyses examined the association of apoB with each lipid marker and Y25 NAFLD. Results The Y25 NAFLD prevalence was 10%. The high-tertile TG group (OR 1.87, 95% CI, and 1.30–2.69) and the low- (OR 1.98, 95% CI, and 1.30–3.01) and middle-apoB/TG ratio groups (OR 1.78, 95% CI, and 1.17–2.72) had the greatest odds of midlife NAFLD. Using discordance/concordance analysis, the high-apoB/high-TG group had the highest odds of NAFLD (OR 1.69, 95% CI, and 1.09–2.61) followed by the low-apoB/high-TG group. The high apoB/low TG group had the lowest odds of NAFLD. Conclusions Among the studied lipid markers in early adulthood, TG levels have the strongest and most consistent association with midlife NAFLD.

Functional properties of cream from dairy cows with experimentally altered milk fat composition

Modification of milk fat composition might be a desirable method to alter manufacturing characteristics or produce dairy products low in saturated fat that more closely meet consumer dietary preferences. The aim of this research was to evaluate functional properties of cream obtained from milks with fat composition modified by altering the profile of long-chain fatty acids (FA) absorbed from the intestine. A control and 5 mixtures of long-chain free FA were infused into the abomasum of lactating dairy cows in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were as follows: (1) control (no FA infused), (2) mostly saturated FA (C16:C18 = 0.74), (3) low linoleic palm FA (C16:C18 = 0.73), (4) palm FA (C16:C18 = 0.73), (5) soy FA (C16:C18 = 0.10), and (6) high palmitic soy FA (C16:C18 = 0.73). All treatments included meat solubles and Tween 80 as emulsifiers. Viscosity, overrun, whipping time, foam firmness, and foam stability were evaluated in creams (33% fat). Cream from cows infused with soy FA (treatment 5) had the longest whipping time and lowest overrun, foam stability, viscosity, melting point, firmness, and solid fat content at 5 and 20°C because the fat had the highest unsaturated FA content. Increasing palmitic acid content of soy FA (treatment 6) improved functional variables in cream relative to soy FA alone. Differences among treatments 1 to 4 were less pronounced because of the effect of C18:1 trans in treatments 3 and 4 on milk fat yield and composition. Milk fat from cows infused with palm FA (treatment 4) exhibited comparable or better functionality than control cream. Increased polyunsaturated FA in milk fat resulted in increased amounts of triglyceride (TG) fractions with 28, 30, 38, and 40 carbon numbers, increased oleic acid resulted in increased 50-carbon TG, and higher palmitic and myristic acids resulted in greater 44, 46, and 48 carbon number TG. These TG groups consistently correlated with functional properties of creams from different treatments. Our results indicated that optimal functionality of cream is dependent more on its content of palmitic acid than on unsaturated FA. However, an optimal composition of milk fat for cream functional characteristics might be obtained through nutritional manipulation of diets for dairy cows to deliver an optimal profile of FA.

Characteristics and prognosis of patients with elevated triglycerides in acute myocardial infarction: Observational data from a large database over a 17y period

From a large database of a regional registry, we aimed to address the prevalence, characteristics and prognosis of patients with elevated triglycerides (TG) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). From the multicenter database (RICO survey), all consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute MI (2001-2017) and alive at discharge were included. Patients with TG > 500 mg/dL, lost to follow-up (FU), or under chronic fibrate treatment were excluded. Patients with high TG (> 200 mg/dL) on admission were compared to those with TG ≤ 200 mg/dL. Endpoints were recurrent ischemic events (i.e. recurrent MI, angina, unstable angina, stroke or urgent revascularization (PCI or CABG)) at 1-year FU. Among the 10,667 patients included, 1,886 (17.7%) had elevated TG. When compared with patients with TG ≤ 200 mg/dL, patients with high TG were younger (59 vs. 69 y, P < 0.001), had a higher BMI (28 vs. 26 kg/m 2 , P < 0.001), were more frequently men (77 vs. 68%, P < 0.001), diabetic (27 vs. 21%, P < 0.001), and smokers (42 vs. 28%, P < 0.001). The rate of statin therapy at discharge was similar for the 2 groups (79 vs. 77%, P = 0.285), as well as SYNTAX score and rate of multivessel disease ( P = 0.368 and P = 0.791). In high TG group, LDL cholesterol was higher (130 vs. 120 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol was lower (37 vs. 46 mg/dL). At 1-Y FU, recurrent ischemic events were more frequent in elevated TG patients (11.2 vs. 9.1%, P = 0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high TG (OR (95%CI): 1.356(1.095-1.679)) remains an independent estimate for recurrent ischemic event, even after adjustment for confounding (GRACE score, diabetes, obesity). In our large population-based cohort, elevated TG are common in acute MI, and associated with residual risk of recurrent ischemic events, beyond traditional prognostic markers. Our data may help to identify candidates for targeted therapies to reduce recurrent ischemic risk after MI.

Impact of triglyceride levels on plaque characteristics in patients with coronary artery disease

BackgroundHigh triglyceride (TG) levels have been demonstrated to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. This study aimed to clarify the impact of TG levels on the characteristics of coronary plaques. MethodsA total of 850 consecutive patients who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the culprit lesion were included. The morphologies of culprit plaques were compared between the higher TG group (nonfasting TG levels ≥150 mg/dL, n = 337) and the lower TG group (nonfasting TG <150 mg/dL, n = 513). ResultsThe prevalence of lipid-rich plaques (43% vs. 33%, p = 0.005), thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs) (24% vs. 17%, p = 0.015) and macrophages (40% vs. 31%, p = 0.006) was significantly higher in the higher TG group than in the lower TG group. In addition to a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (≥140 mg/dL), high TGs (≥150 mg/dL) were identified as an independent factor for the presence of TCFAs (odds ratio 1.465, 95% confidence interval 1.004–2.137, p = 0.048). Among patients with lower LDL-C levels (<100 mg/dL), the prevalence of macrophages (38% vs. 26%, p = 0.007) and layered plaques (48% vs. 38%, p = 0.019) was significantly higher in the higher TG group than in the lower TG group. ConclusionsHigher TG levels were associated with a higher prevalence of TCFAs in culprit coronary lesions. The prevalence of macrophages and layered plaques was more frequently observed in patients with higher TGs than those with lower TGs among patients with LDL-C < 100 mg/dL.

Association between Serum Lipid Parameters and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults.

(1) Background: Previous studies have suggested the association between lipid profiles and cognitive function in older adults. However, they generated inconsistent results. We aim to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and cognitive performance in older adults. (2) Methods: We used the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This study included 2215 participants who were aged more than 60 years old and free of coronary heart disease or stroke. Lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), low density lipid cholesterol (LDL), high density lipid cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG). Cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). (3) Results: Positive correlations of DSST were observed with TC (r = 0.111; p < 0.0001), HDL (r = 0.127; p < 0.0001), and LDL (r = 0.107; p = 0.0005). However, there was no significant relationship between TG and DSST. A one-unit increase in HDL was associated with an increase in DSST score (beta coefficient: 0.036; p = 0.018); but the association was not significant for LDL, TG, and TC. In the categorical analysis, the high HDL group had a higher DSST score than the low HDL group (beta = 3.113; p < 0.0001) and the low TG group was more likely to show a lower DSST score than the high TC group (beta = −1.837; p = 0.0461). However, LDL and TC showed no statistically significant associations. Moreover, HDL was only associated with a 0.701 times increased risk of cognitive impairment (95% CI = 0.523–0.938) in the logistic regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: Higher blood concentrations of HDL levels were positively associated with DSST scores in older adults. We suggest that the high levels of HDL may be a protective factor against cognitive impairment.

Hyperuricemia as a possible risk factor for abnormal lipid metabolism in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Previous studies have reported that there may be a close relationship between elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels and metabolic syndrome. However, the association between these two factors has not been explored explicitly. Therefore, we carried out this study to investigate the association between UA and lipid profiles. A total of 2,482 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study using a multistage stratified sampling method. Lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and other metabolic factors were measured and classified into UA-stratified and age-stratified groups to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic factors. Pearson correlations and logistic regressions were utilized to further explore the association between UA and lipid profile. The individuals aged 18 to 29 years presented with high serum UA concentrations. Moreover, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher among men than in women. Furthermore, statistically significant positive correlations were found between UA and serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Conversely, only high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was negatively correlated. Moreover, TG group status (1.70≤ TG <2.30 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor for hyperuricemia in both univariate and multivariate models. This study found significant positive associations between TG, TC, LDL, and UA but an inverse relationship with HDL-c. Thus hyperuricemia may be a risk factor for abnormal lipid metabolism.

Blood Triglyceride and High-Density Lipoprotein Levels Are Associated with Plasma Amyloid-β Transport: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Studies have found that blood lipids are associated with plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Two Aβ transporters, soluble form of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-1 (sLRP1) and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), are crucial in peripheral Aβ transport. The aim was to investigate the effects of lipids on the relationships between plasma Aβ and transporter levels. This study included 1,436 adults aged 40 to 88 years old. Blood Aβ, sLRP1, sRAGE, and lipid levels were measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the relationships between lipids and plasma Aβ, sLRP1, and sRAGE. After adjusting for all possible covariates, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) was positively associated with plasma Aβ42 and sRAGE (β= 6.158, p = 0.049; β= 121.156, p < 0.001, respectively), while triglyceride (TG) was negatively associated with plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and sRAGE (β= -48.389, p = 0.017; β= -11.142, p = 0.020; β= -147.937, p = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, positive correlations were found between plasma Aβ and sRAGE in the normal TG (Aβ40: β= 0.034, p = 0.005; Aβ42: β= 0.010, p = 0.001) and HDL-c groups (Aβ40: β= 0.023, p = 0.033; Aβ42: β= 0.008, p = 0.002) but not in the high TG and low HDL-c groups. Abnormal levels of TG and HDL-c are associated with decreased Aβ and sRAGE levels. Positive correlations between plasma Aβ and sRAGE were only found in the normal TG and HDL-c groups but not in the high TG and low HDL-c groups. These results indicated that dyslipidemia contributing to plasma Aβ levels might also be involved in peripheral Aβ clearance.

Characteristics and prognosis of patients with elevated triglycerides in acute myocardial infarction: observational data from a large database over a 17 years period

Abstract Background and aim From a large database of a regional registry, we aimed to address the prevalence, characteristics and prognosis of patients with elevated triglycerides (TG) in patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods From the multicenter database (RICO survey), all consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute MI (2001–2017) and alive at discharge were included. Patients with TG &amp;gt;500 mg/dL, lost to follow-up (FU), or under chronic fibrate treatment were excluded. Patients with high TG (&amp;gt;200 mg/dL) on admission were compared to those with TG ≤200 mg/dL. Endpoints were recurrent ischemic events (i.e. recurrent MI, angina, unstable angina, stroke or urgent revascularization (PCI or CABG)) at 1-year FU. Results Among the 10667 patients included, 1886 (17.7%) had elevated TG. When compared with patients with TG ≤200 mg/dL, patients with high TG were younger (59 vs 69 y, p&amp;lt;0.001), had a higher BMI (28 vs 26 kg/m2, p&amp;lt;0.001), were more frequently men (77 vs 68%, p&amp;lt;0.001), diabetic (27 vs 21%, p&amp;lt;0.001), and smokers (42 vs 28%, p&amp;lt;0.001). The rate of statin therapy at discharge was similar for the 2 groups (79 vs 77%, p=0.285), as well as SYNTAX score and rate of multivessel disease (p=0.368 and p=0.791). In high TG group, LDL cholesterol was higher (130 vs 120 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;0.001) and HDL-cholesterol was lower (37 vs 46 mg/dL). At 1-Y FU, recurrent ischemic events were more frequent in elevated TG patients (11.2 vs 9.1%, p=0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high TG (OR (95% CI): 1.356 (1.095–1.679)) remains an independent estimate for recurrent ischemic event, even after adjustment for confounding (GRACE score, diabetes, obesity). Conclusions In our large population-based cohort, elevated TG are common in acute MI, and associated with residual risk of recurrent ischemic events, beyond traditional prognostic markers. Our data may help to identify candidates for targeted therapies to reduce recurrent ischemic risk after MI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Amarin

Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with More Severe Histological Glomerulosclerosis in IgA Nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally well-known primary glomerular nephropathy. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one factor contributing to atherosclerosis and is a common complication of renal failure. HTG is a significant risk factor for decreased renal function in patients with IgAN. We evaluated the association of HTG with the histopathological features of IgAN patients. A total of 480 patients diagnosed with IgAN via kidney biopsy from eight university hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea were included in the final cohort. Pathological features were evaluated by eight expert pathologists with hospital consensus. HTG was defined as a serum triglyceride (TG) level of ≥150 mg/dL. In the study population analysis, the HTG group was older, with more males; higher body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and spot urine protein ratio; and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the lipid profile analysis, eGFR was negatively correlated with TGs/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Proteinuria positively correlated with TGs/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, LDL/HDL, TyG, TGs and LDL. The percentages of global sclerosis (GS), segmental sclerosis (SS) and capsular adhesion (CA), and the scores for mesangial matrix expansion (MME) and mesangial cell proliferation (MCP), were more elevated in the HTG group compared to the normal TG group. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the percentages of global sclerosis, segmental sclerosis and capsular adhesion, as well as the scores for mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, were positively associated with TG level. In binary logistic regression, the HTG group showed a higher risk for global sclerosis and segmental sclerosis. In conclusion, HTG is a significant risk factor for glomerulosclerosis in IgAN.

Serum triglyceride levels and related factors as prognostic indicators in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study.

The role of triglycerides (TG) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between TG levels and prognosis in COVID‐19 patients and investigate the factors that affect TG. COVID‐19 patients were divided into normal or high TG level groups. Their demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory results, and final clinical results were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 174 patients were included. TG level was 1.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.1‒2.1) mmol/L for all patients; 2.2 (IQR: 1.8‒2.7) mmol/L and 1.1 (IQR: 1.0–1.3) mmol/L in the high TG and control groups, respectively. Overall, 29 patients (16.7%) died during hospitalization, including 19 (23.1%) in the high TG group and 10 (11.5%) in the control group (absolute survival difference, 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%‐5.1%), log‐rank χ 2 = 5.7, and p = .017). Serum ferritin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels were significantly higher in the high TG group compared to the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, leukocyte, serum ferritin, LDH, CRP, and IL‐10 levels. Multiple regression showed that serum ferritin and IL‐10 levels affected the TG level (R 2 = .095). The TG level in COVID‐19 patients is correlated to serum ferritin and IL‐10 levels, which reflects the activation of macrophages. It is suggested that COVID‐19 patients be monitored for elevated TG as both a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for COVID‐19.

The effect of insulin pump combined with ulinastatin on the levels of PCT, TG, PTX-3, and CX3CL1 in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis.

The aim of this research is to observe the effect of insulin pump combined with Ulinastatin on the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), triglycerides (TG), pentraxin-3(PTX-3), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis.A total of 72 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis who were admitted to our hospital from February 2016 to February 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into study groups (36 cases, given insulin pump combined Ulinastatin treatment) and control group (36 cases, given insulin pump treatment). Statistics of changes in blood amylase (AMS), blood glucose, blood ketones, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), PCT, TG, PTX-3, and chemokine CX3CL in pancreatic tissue before and after treatment.After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (94.44% vs 75.00%), the difference was significant (P < .05). After treatment, the clinical symptoms (abdominal distension, abdominal pain, body temperature, blood sugar, HbA1c and blood amylase) in the study group were significantly less time-to-normal than in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < .05). After treatment, the AMS, blood sugar, HbA1c, and blood ketones of the 2 groups were all lower than before treatment, and the study group's AMS, blood sugar, HbA1c, and blood ketones were all lower In the control group, the difference was significant (P < .05). After treatment, the 2 groups of PCT, TG, PTX-3, and CX3CL were all lower than before treatment, among which the study group PCT, TG, PTX-3, and CX3CL1 were lower than the control group, the difference was significant (P < .05). After treatment, the total adverse reaction rate of the 2 groups was not significantly different (P > .05), but the total adverse reaction rate of the study group was lower than that of the control group.The combination of insulin pump and ulinastatin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis has a effect, which can shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms, reduce the levels of PCT, TG, PTX-3, and CX3CL1, and has fewer adverse reactions. It is worthy of clinical application.

Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function: A Population-Based Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in Rural China.

IntroductionTo explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive impairment in a low-income and low-education population.MethodsAll residents aged ≥45 years in a low-income population in Tianjin, China, were eligible to participate in this study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used to conduct a preliminary screening and assessment of the participants’ cognitive statuses. The MMSE components are orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language.ResultsIn this population, the prevalences of MetS and cognitive impairment were 54.1% and 44.5%, respectively. In the overall population, the registration score was 0.105 points lower in the elevated triglycerides (TG) group than in the normal TG group (β, −0.105; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.201, −0.010; P=0.030). In men, high TG was associated with registration scores that were 0.152 points lower than those in the normal TG group (95% CI: −0.281, −0.022; P=0.022), while larger WC and lower HDL-C had positive effects on cognitive scores (all P<0.05). However, in women, there were no significant differences between cognitive scores and MetS or its components.ConclusionIn this population, first, TG had a great impact on cognition, even greater than the impact of MetS on cognition. Second, the impact of MetS components on cognition was more obvious in men, and not all of the effects were negative. Therefore, the effect of MetS on cognition may need to be analyzed separately for different populations, and it may be that the effect of a single component is greater than the overall effect. When formulating prevention strategies for cognitive impairments, population differences must also be taken into consideration.

Prospective cohort study of relationship of triglyceride, fasting blood-glucose and triglyceride glucose product index with risk of hypertension

Objective: To investigate the relationship of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FPG) and triglyceride glucose product index (TyG) with the incidence of hypertension, and provide basic data for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the population. Methods: A total of 23 581 individuals who met the research criteria in Jinchang cohort were selected as the research subjects, the Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the relationship of TG, FPG, and TyG with the risk of hypertension. A stratified analysis was conducted by sex. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the normal TG group, the HR(95%CI) of the elevated TG margin group and the elevated group were 1.16 (1.01-1.34) and 1.49 (1.30-1.70), respectively in the total population. Among men, they were 1.13 (1.01-1.27) and 1.17 (1.06-1.30), and among women, they were 1.05 (0.88-1.26) and 1.06 (0.88-1.28). Compared with the normal FPG group, the HR (95%CI) of the FPG-impaired group were 1.29 (1.13-1.48) in the total population, 1.26 (1.08-1.48) in men and 1.59 (1.14-2.21) in women. Taking the lowest quartile array as a reference, the HR (95%CI) of the highest quartile array of TyG was 1.73 (1.45-2.07) in the total population, 1.32 (1.14-1.53) in men and 1.87 (1.37-2.54) in women. TG, FPG had a nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of hypertension, while TyG had a linear correlation with the risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Higher TG, FPG, and TyG levels are independent risk factors for the incidence of hypertension. People with higher TG, FPG and TyG are at high risk for hypertension, to which close attention should be paid in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Lower Baseline Serum Triglyceride Levels Are Associated With Higher Decrease in Body Mass Index After Laparoscopy Sleeve Gastrectomy Among Obese Patients.

AimsTo investigate the predictive value of baseline serum triglyceride (TG) levels for improvements of metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).Methods112 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2] underwent LSG and with complete information of anthropometric and metabolic parameters were divided into normal TG group (group A) and high TG group (group B), while group A had TG levels ≤ 1.7 mmol/L, and group B had TG levels > 1.7 mmol/L. The post-operative changes (Δ) in metabolic parameters between the two groups were compared.ResultsIn the whole cohort, the metabolic parameters were significantly improved at 6 months after LSG. BMI and waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly in the two groups. The ΔBMI among group A and group B were 11.42±3.23 vs 9.13±2.77 kg/m2 (p<0.001), respectively. ΔBMI was positively correlated with ΔWC (r=0.696, p<0.001), Δfasting insulin level (r=0.440, p=0.002), Δfasting serum C peptide level (r=0.453, p=0.002), and Δhomeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (r=0.418, p=0.004) in group A. Compared with group B, group A had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]1.25–6.38, p=0.012)and 2.73 (95% CI 1.11–6.72, p=0.029) for ΔBMI and ΔWC after adjustment for age and gender, respectively.ConclusionsObese patients with baseline TG levels under 1.7 mmol/L had greater loss of weight at six months follow-up later LSG. This finding suggests that baseline TG level may have a predictive value for weight loss, at least in the short-term follow-up.

The Effectiveness of Aerobic Training With Supplementation With Vitamins C and E on Some Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Men

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic training with supplementation of vitamins C and E on some inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight men were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10, AT+Sup, AT+Placebo, and control). The exercise program consisted of three sessions per week at the intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for six weeks. The supplement group received 300 mg of vitamin E daily and 400 mg vitamin C tablet and the placebo group received one gelatin capsule daily during this period. Before and after six weeks of intervention, were measured interleukin-6 (IL-6), -reactive protein (CRP), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and insulin resistance index. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of P&lt;0.05. Result: The results showed that aerobic training significantly reduced the body fat percentage, TG, and LDL in both supplement and placebo groups(P&lt;0.05). However, this reduction was observed in IL-6 and CRP only in the supplement group (P&lt;0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that exercise and supplementation did not change the insulin resistance of subjects. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in fat percentage, IL-6, CRP, TG, and LDL (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, probably six weeks of aerobic training plus supplementation with vitamin E and C may help to reduce inflammatory symptoms, body fat percentage, and some cardiovascular risk factors.

Abstract 12976: Higher Triglyceride Level is Associated With Higher Frequency of Macrophage Accumulation in Coronary Plaques

Introduction: The impact of high triglyceride (TG) level on the characteristics of coronary plaque remains to be elucidated. Hypothesis: Higher TG level is associated with higher prevalence of vulnerable coronary plaque in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 865 consecutive patients who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the culprit lesion were included. Patients were classified into either the higher TG group (non-fasting TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, n=150) or the lower TG group (non-fasting TG &lt; 200 mg/dL, n=715). The morphologies of culprit plaque assessed by OCT were compared between the two groups. Results: The median (interquartile range) of TG in the 2 groups was 265.5 (221.5 – 314.8) mg/dL and 115.0 (84.0 – 152.0) mg/dL, respectively. The frequency of macrophage accumulation was significantly higher in the higher TG group than the lower TG group (41 vs. 33%, p=0.043) (Panel A), whereas the prevalence of other plaque components including thin-cap fibroatheroma (22 vs. 19%, p=0.386), microchannel (24 vs. 25%, p=0.907) and cholesterol crystal (23 vs. 23%, p=0.862) was comparable between the two groups. The incremental frequency of macrophage accumulation according to TG levels was observed (p=0.015, Panel B). Although the frequency of macrophage accumulation was comparable between the 2 groups among patients with a higher HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level (&gt;35 mg/dL), macrophage accumulation was significantly more frequent in the higher TG group than in the lower TG group (71 vs. 41%, p=0.032) among patients with a lower HDL-C level (≤35 mg/dL). Conclusions: Higher TG level was associated with higher frequency of macrophage accumulation in culprit plaques in patients with CAD. The present results may partly explain the role of TG on the development of culprit plaque in coronary artery.

Abstract 13814: Semaglutide Reduces Mace Consistently Across Baseline Triglyceride Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sustain 6 and Pioneer 6 Trials

Introduction: Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels may predict CV events, although this has not been evaluated in large contemporary trials. The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major adverse CV events (MACE) across TG levels are not fully characterized. SUSTAIN 6 (NCT01720446) and PIONEER 6 (NCT02692716) were randomized, CV outcomes trials investigating once-weekly and oral semaglutide vs placebo, respectively, in patients with type 2 diabetes at high CV risk. We performed a post hoc analysis to assess the effect of semaglutide vs placebo on the primary endpoints, MACE (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke), and its components in these two trials pooled, across baseline TG levels. Methods: The risk of first MACE with semaglutide vs placebo was evaluated across three baseline TG groups (≤151, &gt;151-≤205, and &gt;205 mg/dL). The effect of semaglutide vs placebo on MACE was estimated with Cox regression by TG level categorically, and continuously when adjusting for baseline TG and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The impact of statin treatment was also assessed. Results: In total, 6,417 patients had baseline TG measurements: 3,191 (49.7%) ≤151, 1,459 (22.7%) &gt;151-≤205, and 1,767 (27.5%) &gt;205 mg/dL; mean (±SD) TGs were 107.3 (26.0), 176.6 (15.6), and 326.5 (197.1) mg/dL, respectively. Overall, semaglutide reduced TGs vs placebo by 5% in SUSTAIN 6 and 6% in PIONEER 6 (p&lt;0.01). The incidence of MACE with placebo increased across increasing TG levels (Figure) . Semaglutide generally reduced the risk of MACE and its components vs placebo across TG groups. Results were consistent when evaluating TGs as a continuous variable (adjusting for baseline TG and HDL-C levels), and regardless of statin treatment. Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6, over half of patients had elevated TG levels (&gt;151 mg/dL). Semaglutide consistently reduced the risk of MACE vs placebo across baseline TG levels.

Associations among gonadal hormone, triglycerides and cognitive decline in female patients with major depressive disorders

BackgroundCognitive impairment has been identified as a core feature of depression. Serum triglycerides (TG), gonadal hormone and sex difference were shown to influence cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among serum TG, gonadal hormone, sex difference and cognitive performance in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). MethodsThe enrolled 183 patients (male/female = 80/103) meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD were divided into high TG group (patients-HTG) and normal TG group (patients-NTG) according to TG level. Serum TG, estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels were measured by the glycerokinase peroxidase-peroxidase and chemiluminescence methods. Cognition was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The study was conducted between August 2016 and January 2020. ResultsIn female, patients-HTG had lower immediate memory, language, attention, delayed memory and RBANS total scores than patients-NTG after adjusting for covariates. There were significant differences in serum E2 and T levels between patients-HTG and patients-NTG in female after controlling for covariates. In female patients-HTG, serum E2 level was positively associated with immediate memory, delayed memory and RBANS total scores, and serum T level was positively related to immediate memory, language and RBANS total scores. These findings were not seen in male patients. ConclusionsOur data suggested that patients-HTG exhibited poorer cognitive function compared with patients-NTG in female. Moreover, the decline in serum gonadal hormone level might contribute to the high TG development of female MDD, and was further implicated in their cognitive decline.

High Body Mass Index and Triglycerides Help Protect against Osteoporosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose This study was conducted to investigate whether high body mass index (BMI) and triglycerides (TGs) were protective factors for reducing osteoporosis (OP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants and Methods. Seventy-nine patients (aged 20 to 81) with T2DM were included in the study. Basic information and blood indicators were collected. Bone mineral density was used to diagnose OP. Participants were grouped according to BMI (normal weight vs. overweight/obese participants), TG (normal TG vs. hypertriglyceridemia), and OP (non-OP vs. OP), and differences were compared between groups. Regression analysis was used to explore whether BMI or TG were independent factors affecting OP. Results The proportions of OP in the overweight/obese and hypertriglyceridemic groups were significantly lower than those in the normal weight (30.0% vs. 69.0%; P = 0.001) and normal TG (27.3% vs. 56.5%; P = 0.010) groups. In the OP group, the BMI (24.8 ± 3.4 vs. 26.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2; P = 0.009) was significantly lower than that in the non-OP group, and TG showed the same trend (1.30 (0.81) vs. 1.71 (1.1) mmol/L; P = 0.020). Logistic regression in the crude model showed that the odds ratios (ORs) of OP in the overweight/obese and hypertriglyceridemic groups were 0.193 (95% CI: 0.071, 0.520) and 0.315 (95% CI: 0.119, 0.830) compared with those of the normal weight and normal TG groups. After adjusting for sex and smoking, the ORs were 0.204 (95% CI: 0.074, 0.567) and 0.242 (95% CI: 0.082, 0.709) for the overweight/obese and hypertriglyceridemic groups, respectively. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the ORs for these groups were 0.248 (95% CI: 0.083, 0.746) and 0.299 (95% CI: 0.091, 0.989), respectively. Conclusion BMI and TG are independent protective factors against OP in patients with T2DM.