Triethylene Glycols Research Articles

Polyethers. I. Polyethers from 2,4‐dichloroquinolines and alkylene diols

AbstractPolyethers are prepared by condensing, respectively, 2,4‐dichloroquinoline and its 6‐methyl and 6‐methoxy derivatives separately with ethylene, propylene, butylene, diethylene and triethylene glycols. These polyethers are characterized and the electrical conductivity of polyethers is measured at various temperatures up to 150°C.

Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers as synthetic path to diphylic polymers and potential complexants

AbstractThe polymers of universal solubility like dimethyl ether of ethylene glycol and dioxane are synthesised by cationic polymerization of cis‐1,2‐dimethoxyethylene and p‐dioxene. Some specific features of polymerization, going on long‐lived active centers, are observed. In the case of polymerization of cis‐1,2‐dimethoxyethylene, conducted under usual conditions, the possibility of obtaining polymers with molecular weights as high as 106 and M̄w/M̄N<1.5 is shown. Improved procedures of cyclopolymerization of divinyl ethers of mono‐, di‐, and triethylene glycols are described. Some solution properties of polymers obtained, including conformational transitions and metal ion complexing, are discussed.

Deformation-strength properties of crosslinked polymethylmethacrylate organic glasses based on methylmethacrylate prepolymer

The authors have studied the deformation-strength properties of crosslinked PMMA-organic glasses obtained by the copolymerization of prepolymer MMA and the dimethacrylates of mono and triethylene glycols. It is shown that in certain conditions a thermodynamically incompatible biphasic system forms consisting of PMMA and the crosslinked polymer matrix. This enhances the deformation-strength properties of the glasses as compared with those based on the MMA monomer.

The preparation of macrocyclic polyether‐diester compounds by transesterification including the preparation of two new nitrogen containing diester‐crown compounds

AbstractMacrocyclic polyether‐diester compounds have been prepared by reacting oligoethylene glycols with the appropriate dimethyl esters in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali metal methoxides. The methanol by‐product was removed by molecular sieves. Product yields were improved for the preparation of all macrocyclic compounds except a compound containing a furan subcyclic group (4). Six new macrocyclic diester compounds (7‐12) could only be prepared using the base catalyzed transesterification process since the acid chloride synthetic method failed or the acid chloride could not be made. The formation of compounds 5 and 6 from dimethyl 2, 6‐pyridine dicarboxylate (17) and the triethylene and tetraethylene glycols proceded by way of half‐transesterified intermediates. These intermediates were also observed for the base catalyzed decomposition of 5 and 6 in methanol to form the glycol and the diester 17.

Biodegradation of mono-. di- and triethylene glycols in river waters under controlled laboratory conditions

The biodegradation of mono-, di- and triethylene glycols has been evaluated in river waters under controlled laboratory conditions. A recently developed method for the direct monitoring of these glycolsat low concentrations indicates that they degrade according to the bacterial state and temperature of the river water. Monoethylene glycol degrades completely at 20°C within 3 days; at normal winter river temperature not exceeding 8°C, monoethylene glycol is degraded partially or completely within 7 days depending on the river. Di- and triethylene glycols will be removed partially or completely within 7 days at 20°C, but for winter conditions of river flow and temperature, degradation will be minimal within this period.

Radiotracer Studies on Adsorption of Surface Active Substance at Aqueous Surface. V. Effects of Additives on the Adsorption of Tritiated Nonionic Surfactant

Abstract The effects of additives on the adsorption of tritiated hexaoxyethylene dodecyl monoether (TD(EO)6) at the air-solution interfaces have been determined at 30 °C. The salting-out effect has been found to follow the Hofmeister series for the sodium salts of various anions, whereas a constant amount has been found for the adsorption increase due to the addition of various chlorides varying with the type of cation. The salting-in effect is observed for denaturants such as urea, urea nitrate and guanidine nitrate, but not for di- and tri-ethylene glycols.

Spectrophotometric determination of low levels of mono-, di- and triethylene glycols in surface waters.

A method is proposed for the determination of mono-, di- and triethylene glycols in surface waters, based on the oxidation of the glycols to aldehydes. These are made to react with 3-methylbenzothiazol-2-one hydrazone hydrochloride to give green cationic chromogens, which are then measured spectrophotometrically at 630 nm. Sample blank values, to compensate for natural interferences, are obtained by omitting the oxidation stage. The method enables glycol levels of upwards of 0·5 mg l–1 to be determined, satisfactory recoveries of each glycol being obtained for concentrations of 1 to 5 mg l–1, with a precision of 7 per cent., for a range of water samples. A sensitive variation of the method, for the determination of monoethylene glycol alone, is described separately.

Growth Yields of Bacteria on Selected Organic Compounds

Cell yields were determined for two bacterial soil isolants grown aerobically in minimal media on a variety of synthetic organic compounds. 1-Dodecanol, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, and diethylene, triethylene, and tetraethylene glycols were tested. Two “biochemicals,” succinate and acetate, were also tested for comparison. Yields were calculated on the basis of grams of cells obtained per mole of substrate utilized, gram atom of carbon utilized, mole of oxygen consumed, and equivalent of “available electrons” in the substrates. This latter value appears to be nearly constant at 3 g of cells per equivalent of “available electrons.” Yields predicted on this basis for other bacteria and for yeasts on other substrates are in fair agreement with reported values.

Growth Yields of Bacteria on Selected Organic Compounds

Cell yields were determined for two bacterial soil isolants grown aerobically in minimal media on a variety of synthetic organic compounds. 1-Dodecanol, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, and diethylene, triethylene, and tetraethylene glycols were tested. Two "biochemicals," succinate and acetate, were also tested for comparison. Yields were calculated on the basis of grams of cells obtained per mole of substrate utilized, gram atom of carbon utilized, mole of oxygen consumed, and equivalent of "available electrons" in the substrates. This latter value appears to be nearly constant at 3 g of cells per equivalent of "available electrons." Yields predicted on this basis for other bacteria and for yeasts on other substrates are in fair agreement with reported values.

THE ACTIVATION OF PURIFIED HUMAN PLASMINOGEN IN SOLUTIONS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOLS

Ethylene glycols have been found to allow activation of purified preparations of human plasminogen. The activity of the enzyme formed, plasmin, was measured using TAMe (p-toluene-sulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester) as a substrate. In 50% (v/v) solutions of these compounds at pH 7.6 and 30 °C, plasmin accumulated faster in diethylene and triethylene glycols than in glycerol, but in ethylene glycol no plasmin was found. When lower concentrations of ethylene glycol (from zero to 50%) and shorter times of incubation were used, plasmin was found. With equimolar solutions (4.3 M) of glycerol and the three glycols, only diethylene glycol showed a fast rate of accumulation of plasmin. A 50% triethylene glycol solution partially inhibited the rate of spontaneous activation but stabilized the plasmin formed and therefore enzyme accumulated. At room temperature more plasmin accumulated than at higher temperatures when plasminogen was incubated in 50% triethylene glycol solution, and no plasmin was found when plasminogen was incubated at pH 7.6, 30 °C, in 50% solutions of propylene glycols, several ethers of the ethylene glycols, several polymers of various glycols, and dioxane.

THE ACTIVATION OF PURIFIED HUMAN PLASMINOGEN IN SOLUTIONS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOLS

Ethylene glycols have been found to allow activation of purified preparations of human plasminogen. The activity of the enzyme formed, plasmin, was measured using TAMe (p-toluene-sulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester) as a substrate. In 50% (v/v) solutions of these compounds at pH 7.6 and 30 °C, plasmin accumulated faster in diethylene and triethylene glycols than in glycerol, but in ethylene glycol no plasmin was found. When lower concentrations of ethylene glycol (from zero to 50%) and shorter times of incubation were used, plasmin was found. With equimolar solutions (4.3 M) of glycerol and the three glycols, only diethylene glycol showed a fast rate of accumulation of plasmin. A 50% triethylene glycol solution partially inhibited the rate of spontaneous activation but stabilized the plasmin formed and therefore enzyme accumulated. At room temperature more plasmin accumulated than at higher temperatures when plasminogen was incubated in 50% triethylene glycol solution, and no plasmin was found when plasminogen was incubated at pH 7.6, 30 °C, in 50% solutions of propylene glycols, several ethers of the ethylene glycols, several polymers of various glycols, and dioxane.

Extraction of Benzene with Diand Tri-Ethylene Glycols.

Extraction of Benzene with Diand Tri-Ethylene Glycols.

SYNTHESES OF POLYURETHANES FROM HYDROXY-TERMINATED POLYESTERS

Hydroxy-terminated polyesters were synthesized by treating diols with the diethyl esters of dicarboxylic acids. Ethylene, diethylene, and triethylene glycols, four polyoxyethylene glycols ranging in molecular weight from 200 to 600, 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, five polyoxypropylene glycols ranging in molecular weight from 150 to 2025, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2′-(methylimino)diethanol, 2,2′-(ethylimino)diethanol, 2,2′-(butylimino)diethanol, and 2,2′-thiodiethanol were condensed with diethyl succinate in the absence and presence of a catalyst, and with diethyl cyanomalonate, cyanosuccinate, and α-cyanoglutarate.Polyurethanes were obtained from the various polyesters prepared by treatment with different quantities of 2,4-tolylene diiocyanate. In general, non-elastomeric products were obtained from polyesters of monomeric glycols, while elastomeric polyurethanes with the lowest brittle points were formed from polyoxyethylene glycol 400 and 600, and polyoxypropylene glycol 750, 1025, and 2025 polyesters. Also the succinate polyurethanes, which did not contain nitrile groups, had the greatest tendency to be elastomeric and had the lowest brittle points. For the nitrile containing polyurethanes, the cyanomalonates had the lowest tendency to be elastomeric and had the highest brittle points. The cyanosuccinate and α-cyanoglutarates had about the same properties.

Determination of Mono-,Di,- and Triethylene Glycols in Mixtures by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Determination of Mono-,Di,- and Triethylene Glycols in Mixtures by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Dielectric Properties of Polyethylene Glycols at Microwave Frequencies

The complex dielectric constants of ethylene, diethylene, triethylene, tetraethylene, and hexaethylene glycols in the liquid state have been measured at frequencies of 1.43, 9.73, and 18.7 kmc/sec at temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The parameters of dielectric relaxation for these polyethylene glycols have been calculated from the complex dielectric constants and the static dielectric constants by the circular arc rule of Cole and Cole. It has been found that the dielectric relaxation times obtained do not vary much with the homolog of this polyethylene glycol series, being of the order of 10—10 sec at 20°C. The value of relaxation time is the largest for diethylene glycol, decreasing slightly with higher homologs of this series. This striking feature is discussed in terms of flexibility of the polyoxyethylene chain due to internal rotation around the C–O bonds of the chain skeleton, which would make more possible a partial and independent orientation of the hydroxyl groups at the ends of the molecular chain in the case of higher polyethylene glycols.

Every size is the economy size when you use JEFFERSON ethylene, diethylene, triethylene GLYCOLS

every size is the economy size when you use JEFFERSON ethylene, diethylene, triethylene GLYCOLS

Di- and Triethylene Glycols as Manostat Fluids

Di- and Triethylene Glycols as Manostat Fluids