Triethylamine Gas Research Articles

A highly selective and fast-responding triethylamine sensor based on Mo-SnO2 nanomaterials

The detection of triethylamine gas is of great importance to human health, the environment and food safety. In this paper, a simple and economical hydrothermal method for the synthesis of Mo-SnO2 composites is proposed. The structure and morphology were characterized in detail by XRD, TEM, SEM, etc. The effects of different proportions of Mo on SnO2 were studied and the results show that SnO2 in 5%Mo-SnO2 nanomaterials has small grain size. The gas-sensitive properties of Mo-SnO2 samples to triethylamine gas were systematically tested. The results show that the 5%Mo-SnO2 nanomaterials have great gas-sensitive properties. It has not only fast response and recovery time (Tres/Trec=15 s/25 s) but also good selectivity and reproducibility for 100 ppm triethylamine gas at an optimum operating temperature of 250 °C. Triethylamine gas can also be detected at a minimum concentration of 375 ppb. Therefore, the 5%Mo-SnO2 nanomaterials synthesized in this experiment have some prospects for application in the field of triethylamine gas detection.

In2O3 Hollow porous nanospheres loaded with Ag nanoparticles to achieve wide concentration range triethylamine detection

Triethylamine (TEA) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is detrimental to production safety, environment, and human health. It is necessary to prepare a gas sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for real-time monitoring of TEA. Here, In2O3 hollow porous nanospheres (HPNSs) loaded with Ag nanoparticles were prepared and the sensing properties to TEA were researched. The 5wt%Ag-In2O3 gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity (20,059 to 100 ppm), low concentration detection (6.11 to 0.1 ppm), extremely good selectivity, and stability to TEA at 350 °C. Our work highlights the potential of using metal-organic frameworks as a precursor to prepare In2O3 hollow porous nanospheres combined with the catalysis of Ag for TEA gas detection.

Electrospinning Derived NiO/NiFe2O4 Fiber-in-Tube Composite for Fast Triethylamine Detection under Different Humidity.

Designing high-performance triethylamine gas sensors with the stable gas response and low resistance variation in air under a wide relative humidity range is expected for human health and environmental surveillance. Here, a novel porous NiO/NiFe2O4 fiber-in-tube nanostructure is prepared by the electrospinning process. The characterizations related to microstructure and surface morphology are carried out. Meanwhile, the gas sensing performance of the porous fiber-in-tube NiO/NiFe2O4 materials is evaluated and compared systematically. The results indicate that the introduction of NiO as the second component can not only reduce the baseline resistance of NiFe2O4 gas sensors dramatically but also optimize the gas sensing performance to a significant extent. Especially, the fabricated sensor based on the NiO/NiFe2O4 fiber-in-tube with a Ni/Fe molar ratio of 1.5 exhibits the best performance. The gas response while detecting 50 ppm triethylamine at 300 °C is about 3.6 times higher than that with Ni/Fe molar ratio of 0.5. Moreover, the response values become more stable, and the baseline resistance has a lower variation under a wide relative humidity range, demonstrating the excellent humidity resistance. These phenomena might be ascribed to the distinctive fiber-in-tube nanostructure as well as the heterojunction between NiFe2O4 and NiO.

Porous 2D CuO nanosheets for efficient triethylamine detection at low temperature

The freshness of seafood can be judged by detecting the concentration of triethylamine (TEA). In this work, 2D CuO porous nanosheets (CuO PNs) were prepared by a graphene oxide template method and their particle sizes were regulated by changing the calcination temperature. Their structure, morphology and gas sensing performances were investigated by various characterization methods. The response (Rg/Ra) of the gas sensor based on CuO PNs calcined at 700 oC was as high as 440-100 ppm TEA at the operating temperature of 40 °C. The detection limit was as low as 0.25 ppm. In addition, the gas sensor has good selectivity and stability. The excellent TEA sensitivity is mainly resulted from the appropriate particle size and loose porous framework. This work not only paves the way to explore the novel low temperature TEA gas sensors, but also provides deep insight on improving the structure and properties of gas sensitive materials by controlling the calcination temperature.

Study on the process of micro-arc oxidation TiO2 film for rapid detection of triethylamine

By taking into account the severe limitations of the triethylamine gas sensors, including the long response recovery time and the poor selectivity, it is still necessary to design and manufacture TEA-based gas sensors with improved sensing performance. Along these lines, the morphological operations on semiconductor metal oxide gas-sensitive materials are considered to be an effective method to enhance their sensing capabilities. Therefore, in this work, the micro-arc oxidation technology was used to prepare a TiO2 sensitive film for the detection of the TEA gas. Interestingly, the process parameters of the micro-arc oxidation mechanism have an important influence on the growth process of the TiO2 film. Consequently, choosing the appropriate current density, oxidation time, pulse width and electrolyte concentration characteristics is beneficial to control both the morphology and structure of the TiO2 film. The coupling relationship between the process parameters was thoroughly studied by performing an orthogonal array tests. More specifically, the optimum preparation conditions were the following: current density of 0.65A/cm2, oxidation time of 4min, a pulse width of 1250 ms and electrolyte concentration of 7 g/L. The characterization of the micro-arc TiO2 sensitive film revealed that the surface of the film showed a large number of heterogeneous pore structures (with a diameter of about 2–3 μm) and some nano-sized pores, while the film thickness was 30 μm and exhibited a good continuity. The acquired gas sensing results indicate that the optimized micro-arc TiO2 film possesses a fast response and recovery (5 s, 52 s) to 100 ppm TEA and a detection limit of 0.9 ppm. Our work provides fruitful insights for the preparation of TEA gas-sensitive materials by enforcing the micro-arc oxidation technology.

Conductometric ppb-level triethylamine sensor based on macroporous WO3-W18O49 heterostructures functionalized with carbon layers and PdO nanoparticles

Effective detection of triethylamine (TEA) is considerable in view of human health and environment. However, both ppb-level detection and rapid response/recovery speed under extreme conditions such as high relative humidity and wide detection ranges remain challenging for TEA gas sensing. Herein, a facile one-spot solvothermal approach is used to synthesize urchin-like WO3-W18O49 heterostructures assisting with glucose modification and PdO functionalization. Benefiting from the hierarchical macroporous structure, synergistic effects, various heterojunctions along with sensitization of PdO, the sensor based on hierarchical WO3-W18O49 urchin with PdO and carbon decorating exhibits appealing TEA sensing performance including rapid response /recovery time (1 s/2 s) to 100 ppm TEA at 325 °C, high selectivity, superior anti-humidity property and extremely low detection limitation (50 ppb), which are much better than previously reported TEA sensors. Our research results open a facile pathway for the development of high-performance gas sensors in terms of real-time and ppb-level detection.

Lower coordination Co3O4 mesoporous hierarchical microspheres for comprehensive sensitization of triethylamine vapor sensor

Monitoring and detecting triethylamine (TEA) vapor are essential in the organic synthesis industry. Two-dimensional Co3O4 nanosheets with large surface areas and multiple active sites are ideal for fabricating chemiresistive gas sensors. However, the face-to-face stacking owing to the high surface energy of nanosheets, would cover up the active sites, obstruct gas diffusion, raise contact resistance, which all hinder its utilization for TEA detection. Herein, the Co3O4 mesoporous nanosheets were assembled into hierarchical microspheres by adding the structure-directing agent PVP K30 and combined with a proper annealing temperature, which optimized their grain size, specific surface area, pores structure, oxygen vacancies, and the atomic ratio of Co2+ to Co3+. And these ultimately improved the detection capability of TEA. The sensor based on Co3O4 sphere-300 exhibits the highest sensor response of 34.1–100 ppm TEA and a low detection limit (0.5 ppm) at a low working temperature of 150 °C. The promising properties are mainly due to the combination of several advantages that facilitate simultaneous chemical and electronic sensitization. This work prepared a high-performance TEA gas sensor and verified the improvement of comprehensive sensitization on the gas-sensing performance of two-dimensional metal oxide semiconductors.

Ultrahigh sensitive and selective triethylamine sensor based on h-BN modified MoO3 nanowires

In this work, a novel structure of 1D MoO3 nanowires wrapped by 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was synthesized via a simple solvothermal method with subsequent annealing process for triethylamine (TEA) detection. The samples were characterized by XPS, SEM, HRTEM and N2 adsorption-desorption. Gas sensing performance test results illuminate that the typical 2 wt% h-BN/MoO3 sensor possesses an ultrahigh response (8616) toward 500 ppm TEA. The promoted sensing performance of TEA may be caused by the forming of heterojunction between h-BN and MoO3, the increased specific surface area of h-BN modification, providing a highly active sites for the adsorption of TEA gas, which greatly enhance the response of the sensor. The adsorption energy of a single oxygen molecule on MoO3 (010) surface was calculated by DFT, indicating the most stable site is the terminal oxygen position (Top O-1), with an adsorption energy of −2.075 eV. This work provides an inspiration to design highly efficient TEA gas sensor on basis of h-BN/MoO3 nanocomposites.

Cds/Cdin2s4 Composites for Comprehensive Optimization of Sensitivity to Triethylamine Gas

Cds/Cdin2s4 Composites for Comprehensive Optimization of Sensitivity to Triethylamine Gas

A Triethylamine Gas Sensor Based on Snse Nanofibers with Ppb-Level Detection Limit

A Triethylamine Gas Sensor Based on Snse Nanofibers with Ppb-Level Detection Limit

Cu2o/Ti3c2tx Nanacomposites for Detection of Triethylamine Gas at Room Temperature

Cu2o/Ti3c2tx Nanacomposites for Detection of Triethylamine Gas at Room Temperature

Enhanced triethylamine gas sensing and photocatalytic performance of Sn doped NiO (SNO) nanoparticles

Herein we report the synthesis, triethylamine gas sensing, and photocatalytic activity of Sn doped NiO (SNO) nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to characterize the structural, optical properties, elemental composition and charge state of SNO particles. were given by. The crystallite size of the SNO nanoparticles ranged from 24 nm to 9 nm. FESEM and TEM analysis confirmed the presence of quasi-spherical nanoparticles. From UV–vis spectroscopy, the bandgap energy was determined as 3.38 eV–3.61 eV. Triethylamine sensing response of SNO nanoparticles can reach up to 8.2 for the concentration of 100 ppm at an operating temperature 260 ˚C. Photocatalytic activity results demonstrated Rhodamine B dye degradation (∼82%) in 180 mins under UV light irradiation.

An efficient low-temperature triethylamine gas sensor based on 2D ultrathin SnO2 nanofilms

The quest to develop inexpensive chemical sensing materials that are energy-efficient, portable, and with efficient performance lies at the center of next-generation sensor development. Owing to their low cost, easy preparation, high response, and smooth integration with electronic circuits, metal oxide semiconductors have received particular attention. Yet, metal oxide semiconductor based sensors often suffer from high power consumption due to their high operating temperature, which hinders them from practical applications. To solve this problem, herein, we proposed ultrathin sub-4 nm SnO2 films synthesized by a facile tunable hydrothermal method. Benefiting immensely from its two-dimensional anisotropic nature, the proposed SnO2 ultra-thin film exhibits a large specific area of 94.41 m2 g−1 and possesses surface oxygen vacancies. The obtained sample was practically applied as a gas sensor; the results indicate that the ultra-thin SnO2 film based sensor exhibits the highest sensitivity to triethylamine (19.2 at 100 ppm), outstanding repeatability, and excellent sensing selectivity at a low working temperature of 150 °C.

Ultrasensitive ppb-level trimethylamine gas sensor based on p–n heterojunction of Co3O4/WO3

Trace poisonous and harmful gases in the air have been harming and affecting people’s health for a long time. At present, effective and accurate detection of ppb-level harmful gas is still a bottleneck to be overcome. Herein, we report a ppb-level triethylamine (TEA) gas sensor based on p–n heterojunction of Co3O4/WO3, which is prepared with ZIF-67 as the precursor and provides Co3O4 deposited tungsten oxide flower-like structure. Due to the introduction of Co3O4 and the 3D flower-like structure of WO3, the Co3O4/WO3-2 gas sensor shows excellent gas sensing performance (1101 for 10 ppm at 240 °C), superb selectivity, good long-term stability and linear response for TEA concentration. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the Co3O4/WO3-2 gas sensor also possesses a good response to 50 ppb TEA, in fact, the theoretical limit of detection is 0.6 ppb. Co3O4 not only improves the efficiency of electron separation/transport, but also accelerates the oxidation rate of TEA. This method of synthesizing p–n heterojunction with ZIF as the precursor provides a new idea and method for the preparation of low detection limit gas sensors.

Preparation of Pd/PdO@ZnO-ZnO nanorods by using metal organic framework templated catalysts for selective detection of triethylamine

Sensors based on Pd/PdO@ZnO-ZnO nanorods (NRs) were fabricated for selective detection of triethylamine (TEA). ZnO NRs were obtained by simple hydrothermal method. The Pd/PdO functionalization was sensitized on ZnO NRs by using metal-organic framework (MOF) templated catalysts (Pd@ZIF-8). Eventually, Pd supported on ZnO nanocubes was about 3 nm and PdO nanoparticles with ~10 nm were loaded on the surface of the ZnO NRs. Gas sensing properties showed that the Pd/PdO@ZnO-ZnO NRs exhibited enhanced response to TEA at 275 ℃ (Rair/RTEA = 258–50 ppm), which was 12.3 folds that of pure ZnO NRs. In addition, the detection limit and working temperature of the sensor were also improved. Importantly, sensors based on Pd/PdO@ZnO-ZnO NRs showed better TEA sensing performance compared to Pd/PdO functionalized samples by the traditional impregnation method. These results could be mainly due to the modulation of sensor base resistance and the catalytic and the spillover effect of PdO and the ultra-small Pd. This work confirms that MOF templated catalyst loading for high performance gas sensors is an effective route to realize the detection of triethylamine gas.

Thiol-ene Click Chemistry Using Triethylamine Gas as a Promoter to Make Coated Slow-release Fertilizer

The volatilization, leaching and decomposition of chemical fertilizer lead to the low utilization rate of fertilizer, which poses a great challenge to the environment and human health. Slow-release fertilizers, which can retard the release of fertilizer, provide an effective way to solve these problems. Progress has been made in preparation of coated slow-release fertilizers, however, there are still some challenges, including high cost, complex production process and uncontrollable nutrient release. In this work, we developed a facile method to make a kind of slow-release fertilizer by thiol-ene click chemistry via triethylamine gas as a promoter at room temperature. The crosslinking polymer coating was directly formed on the surface of fertilizer from inexpensive and commercially available monomers. The results show that the nitrogen release longevity for this coated slow-release fertilizer could reach more than 200 days. The nitrogen release rate can be modulated by the crosslinking density of the polymer coating and was also influenced by the temperature and pH.

Flower-like In2O3/ZnO heterostructure with accelerated multi-orientation electron transport mechanism for superior triethylamine detection

Flower-like In2O3/ZnO heterostructures consisting of the assembled needle-like nanorods derived from In2O3 precursor/ZIF-8 have been prepared by a two-step approach. Flower-like In2O3/ZnO structures can be achieved by adjusting the nucleation competition and crystal surface matching of In2O3 and ZnO, leading to the enhancement of gas adsorption on the surface, chemical reaction kinetics, and the electron transport efficiency. In/Zn-2 sensors exhibit excellent gas-sensing response value of 188.01 to 100 ppm triethylamine at 120 °C as well as good gas selectivity, long-term stability, and linear relationship compared with pure In2O3, mainly attributed to the accelerated multi-orientation electron transport mechanism within flower-like In2O3/ZnO heterostructures. In addition, In/Zn-2 samples can be utilized to detect the practical triethylamine gas released during the storage of marine organism (fishes).

Porous α-Fe2O3 gas sensor with instantaneous attenuated response toward triethylamine and its reaction kinetics

To achieve highly selective and rapid detection of triethylamine (TEA) at a relatively low temperature remains challenging. In this work, we report an ultrasensitive TEA gas sensor with a specific response based on the porous α-Fe2O3 hollow sphere array, which shell is composed of fusiform particles. At a low operating temperature (160 °C), the sensor shows high response (75.8) toward 10 ppm TEA with a short response time (2 s) and can detect TEA as low as 50 ppb. More importantly, an obvious attenuation characteristic is observed during TEA detection. This distinctive response toward TEA gas is repeatable when the operating temperature is over a threshold (>120 °C). Moreover, the instantaneous attenuated response is found to be independent of the gas concentration and humidity but much related to specific gases, demonstrating its potential to be used as a characteristic signal to achieve highly selective detection of TEA molecules. Furthermore, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the attenuated response can be ascribed to a special surface dynamic reaction process involving the thermal decomposition of TEA molecules and the formation of nitrogen oxides, which is verified by the quasi in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This work will provide a new idea for developing highly selective and sensitive sensors.

Sn doping effect on NiO hollow nanofibers based gas sensors about the humidity dependence for triethylamine detection

• Hollow Sn-doped NiO nanofibers are synthesized through a facile electrospinning approach. • The Sn-doped NiO sensor with suitable Sn content (6 at%) shows the highest gas response to triethylamine. • Sn doping concentrations can significantly influence the resistance of sensors in air and in target gas under different RH. • The resistances of the sensor change slightly in target gas under different RH with suitable Sn doping content (6 at%). High stable triethylamine gas sensors under different relative humidity are highly desirable in order to correctly detect the concentrations of target gas. In this study, a series of Sn-doped NiO hollow nanofibers were prepared through a facile electrospinning process followed by heat treatment. Sn doping could inhibit the crystal growth, and the crystal sizes would decrease with the increase of Sn doping concentration. Gas sensing investigation indicates that Sn doping could significantly enhance the gas response towards triethylamine at a relative low temperature. Especially, the gas sensor exhibits the highest response to triethylamine when the doping content of Sn reaches to 6 at%. The response value is about 16.6–100 ppm triethylamine, and it is ∼9.2 times higher than that of pure NiO nanofibers at the same operating temperature. In addition, the resistances of the gas sensors with different doping contents of Sn would change differently in air or in target gas under variable relative humidity. The resistances in target gas are almost unchanged with the increase of relative humidity with the Sn doping content of 6 at%. It is reasonable to speculate that Sn doping can heavily alter the surface state of NiO nanofibers, which is beneficial for the improvement of the gas response and humidity dependence properties.

Enhanced triethylamine-sensing properties of hierarchical molybdenum trioxide nanostructures derived by oxidizing molybdenum disulfide nanosheets

A 3D α-MoO3 nanostructure for high-performance triethylamine (TEA) detection was synthesized via the facial oxidation of MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) obtained by a hydrothermal process. The influence of the time of hydrothermal process in growing MoS2 on the morphologies of the final MoO3 obtained after calcination was investigated. As-obtained MoO3 and their precursors were systematically characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Results showed that MoO3 with a hierarchical layered nanostructure was successfully obtained. After hydrothermal treatment of the MoS2 precursor for 20 h, the typical MoO3-based sensor (called M20) exhibited a high response of 2.42 at a very low TEA concentration of only 0.1 ppm at 240 °C. The M20 sensor response to 50 ppm TEA was as high as 125 with a fast response/recovery time of 14/22 s. Moreover, the sensor had a high stability and reproducibility as well as a high selectivity against other interfering VOCs or gases. Due to the tendency of TEA to adsorb to active oxygen sites of MoO3, the enhanced sensing properties of MoO3 can be ascribed to the remarkable hierarchical structure and large surface area. MoO3 obtained after calcination of hydrothermally grown MoS2 is thus a promising sensing material for enhanced TEA gas detection.