Triethylamine Gas Research Articles

Electron sensitization and chemical sensitization of ZnWO4/WO3 nanorod heterojunctions for high performance triethylamine sensor

Real-time detecting of triethylamine gas is necessary and challenging in environmental protection and industrial production. However, conventional sensing materials still suffer from low response, long response times and high detection limit, mainly due to the insufficient charge transfer capability of the sensing materials. Herein, ZnWO4/WO3 was successfully prepared for TEA detection by a two-step hydrothermal method. Benefiting from the synergy between the heterojunctions, including electron sensitization and chemical sensitization, the sensor based on 0.1-ZnWO4/WO3 composite demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time (3.3-fold/2.02-fold), higher response (2.21-fold), lower detection limit (0.5 ppm) and lower power consumption (30℃-decrement) as compared with the pristine WO3 sensor. In addition, the long-term stability, repeatability, 10 s fast response, and satisfactory anti-interference ability of the composite sensor indicate its potential application in TEA detection. This work provides a feasible scheme to design advanced gas sensors through the synergistic effect of electron sensitization and chemical sensitization.

Rational design of ZnO-SnO2 Janus nanofibers for highly sensitive triethylamine detection

Herein, ZnO-SnO2 Janus nanofibers (NFs) were synthesized by a parallel electrospinning method and its sensing performances were tested. Considering the compositions of the two metal oxide semiconductors in Janus structure, different ratios of ZnO and SnO2 were designed and controlled. The optimum ratios of ZnO and SnO2 was 1:2 by analyzing their sensing performances to triethylamine (TEA) gas. Gas sensors based on ZS-12 Janus NFs exhibited a high response to TEA (45.2) and an excellent sensing response/recovery reproducibility. In order to investigate the sensing mechanism of Janus structure, ZnO NFs and SnO2 NFs were synthesized and used as controlled experiment. The results indicated that the heterostructures in Janus NFs is the key factor for the enhanced TEA sensing performances. The electrons flowed in the ZnO-SnO2 Janus structure leading to the variation of ionic oxygen species and electron depletion layer. These phenomena improved the reaction of TEA gas molecules with ionic oxygen species so that the TEA sensing performances were enhanced. Based on the Janus structures, a satisfactory gas sensor for detecting TEA gas were developed. Significantly, this work investigated the sensing mechanism of Janus structures and provided an efficient strategy for the gas sensing materials.

ZIF-67 doped SnO2 and its derivative: Synthesis, structure, and triethylamine gas sensing performance

In this paper, pure SnO2 and SnO2 composite materials (ZSnO2) modified with different amounts of ZIF-67 (20mg, 60mg) were synthesized utilizing a simple solvothermal method. The gas sensing performance of these sensitive materials was tested, and the results manifested that at a low operating temperature of 170 ℃, the responses of ZSnO2-60 and ZSnO2-20 to 50 ppm triethylamine (TEA) gas reached 142.6 and 83.7, respectively, which was ~3.81 and ~2.24 times that of pure SnO2 (34.7). In addition, both doped samples had lower operating temperature, excellent selectivity and repeatability towards TEA gas. The doping of ZIF-67 led to oxygen vacancies increasing, specific surface area amplifying and p-n heterojunctions forming between Co3O4 and SnO2 in ZSnO2 nanocomposites. These synergistic effects enhanced the gas sensitivity of ZSnO2 nanocomposites to TEA gas.

A systematic study on the crystal facets-dependent TEA sensing properties of designed anatase {001 and 101} and rutile {110} facets TiO2

Triethylamine (TEA), a toxic and explosive volatile organic compound (VOC) gas, is hazardous to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop crystal-faceted TEA gas sensors with improved sensitivity and rapid detection capabilities. In this study, TiO2 nanocrystal sensors with different crystal facets of anatase {101} and {001} and rutile {110} were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The nanomaterials underwent characterization through XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and BET analysis. The results revealed that the materials exhibited bipyramid anatase {101} facet, nanorod anatase {001} facet, and rutile {110} facet. The sensors demonstrated superior gas sensing performance in the following order: {101} > {110} > {001} facets to 100 ppm TEA gas at 240 °C. The sensors also exhibited short response and recovery times, low detection limits, excellent stability, repeatability, and selectivity. The enhanced sensing properties of {101} faceted TiO2 can be ascribed to the bipyramid structure and crystal facets with higher adsorbed oxygen peak specific area, which provide numerous active sites and improved extra oxygen-active site species. This study offers valuable insight into the design mechanism to enhance the TEA response of {101} faceted TiO2 and further contributes to our understanding of the sensitivity of crystal faceted sensors.

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO hexagonal sheets wrapped MoS2 sphere for triethylamine gas sensing application

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO hexagonal sheets wrapped MoS2 sphere for triethylamine gas sensing application

A novel triethylamine gas sensor based on PrVO4 material by hydrothermal synthesis

Triethylamine (TEA) is a colorless, oily organic compound that can cause serious harm to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a gas sensor that can rapidly detect TEA. Rare earth vanadate has attracted much attention in the field of sensors due to their strong catalytic effect, good crystallization and chemical stability. In this work, PrVO4 nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure and morphology of PrVO4 were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and SAED. The novel PrVO4 gas sensor exhibits excellent gas sensitivity to TEA at 230 °C, including low concentration detection capability, fast adsorption/desorption times (19 s/14 s), good repeatability and long-term stability. In addition, the gas-sensitive mechanism of PrVO4 is briefly discussed. Therefore, PrVO4 can be used as a novel gas-sensitizing material.

UV-assisted preparation of highly selective Ce-doped BiOBr-based triethylamine gas sensors

In this study, the Ce-doped BiOBr gas sensor was prepared for the detection of triethylamine by ultraviolet-assisted deposition. Characterization tests such as EDS and XPS verified the presence of Ce elements. The gas sensing test results show that adding Ce improves the selectivity of BiOBr to triethylamine gas. Moreover, the Ce/BiOBr sensor showed a 141 % improvement in response to 200 ppm of triethylamine at 300 °C compared to the BiOBr sensor. The enhanced sensing performance of Ce/BiOBr is mainly attributed to the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies.

Highly selective triethylamine gas sensor based on ZnO/Ti3C2Tx MXene self-assembly heterostructure

MXenes, as new two-dimensional transition metal compounds, has become promising sensing materials due to the excellent metal conductivity, abundant adsorption sites and the terminal groups of -O, -OH and -F. In this study, we report the well-etched accordion-like Ti3C2Tx by removing Al layer in Ti3AlC2, where Tx represents a wealth of terminal functional groups (-OH, -F, -O, etc.). In addition, unique hierarchical self-assembly ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites are synthesized by hydrothermal method. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Method investigation also shows that the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites has a specific surface area of about 22.08 m2/g, and the pore size is mainly located at 11.1 nm. The innovative nanostructure is conducive to the adsorption and response of gas molecules. By investigating the gas sensitive properties of the sensors, it is found that the response of the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx sensor to triethylamine (TEA) is improved by 66 times and 1.58 times over that of pure Ti3C2Tx and ZnO, and the optimal operating temperature is 60℃ lower than that of pure ZnO. In addition, the LOD (Low Of Detection) of about 32.7 ppb indicates that the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx sensor is suitable for the detection of low concentrations TEA. The sensing performances of the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx sensor at a high humidity of 75 % RH verifies the strong sensing performance in high humidity environment. Furthermore, the composite sensor stabilize in 6 repetitive tests and present slight decrease in response value over 30 days. The excellent TEA sensitive properties indicate that the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite sensor may have promising applications in the gas sensitive field.

ZIF-8-Derived Multifunctional Triethylamine Sensor.

Triethylamine (TEA) is a typical volatile organic compound (VOC) widely present in air and water, produced in industrial production activities, with high toxicity and great harm. Fluorescence detection and resistive sensing are effective methods for detecting pollutants. Here, In-doped interpenetrating twin ZIF-8 and its annealed derivatives have been successfully designed and prepared as a multifunctional TEA sensor. On the one hand, ZIF-8-In exhibits excellent fluorescence emission enhancement at 450 nm in a dose-dependent manner to TEA in water within the concentration range of 1-100 ppm, with a detection limit as low as 1 ppm. On the other hand, the annealed ZIF-8-In derivative is ZnO/In2O3 with a porous hierarchical structure, which is a perfect sensitive material for manufacturing gas sensors. Within the concentration range of 1-100 ppm, the ZnO/In2O3 gas sensor has a high response for 100 ppm TEA, reaching 107.7 (Ra/Rg), and can detect TEA gas as low as 1 ppm. Furthermore, the response of ZnO/In2O3 sensors to TEA is at least 10 times that of the other four VOC gases, demonstrating excellent gas selectivity. This multifunctional sensor can adapt to complex detection situations, demonstrating good application prospects.

Efficient triethylamine sensing achieved by in-situ Zn2+ doping regulated Mo-MOFs derived MoO3/ZnMoO4 heterostructures

Triethylamine (TEA) poses severe safety hazards to industrial production and human health. To accurately detect TEA concentrations and rapidly warn of leakage, a simple reflux condensation method was deployed to successfully incorporate Zn2+ in situ into Mo-MOFs precursor in a green, safe, and time-efficient synthesis condition. Subsequently, through calcination, MoO3/ZnMoO4-X (MMZ-X) were prepared, which exhibited an increased number of defects and enriched porosity, facilitating the access and interaction of TEA with adsorption sites. Simultaneously, rationally built in situ MoO3/ZnMoO4 heterostructures accelerated carrier migration and induced a drastic resistive change. MMZ-2 demonstrated outstanding TEA sensing performance, exhibiting extremely high sensitivity (R = 572.3, 100 ppm), along with superior selectivity, repeatability and stability, rapid response and recovery times, and a low detection limit. Moreover, the key intrinsic parameters of the heterostructure on the atomic scale were determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, providing a detailed elucidation of the sensing enhancement mechanism of the MoO3/ZnMoO4 heterostructure. The simple and efficient synthesis method and the related mechanistic analysis pave a new path for designing high-performance TEA gas sensors with practical applications.

Novel ordered dendritic InWO4-rGO p-n heterojunction for fast response to TEA

The ternary metal oxides that combine two different metal cations is an interesting candidate as sensing material based on their interesting properties. Hence, ordered dendrite InWO4 was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by the construction of an InWO4-rGO heterojunction to enhance detection capability for triethylamine (TEA) gas. The synthesized product underwent morphology and elemental composition analysis using various techniques. Gas sensing experiments revealed that the InWO4-rGO gas sensor, operating at the optimal temperature of 220 ℃, displayed a significantly improved response to 100 ppm TEA, with a high value of 59.5, in comparison to the pure InWO4 gas sensor (11.5 at 250 ℃). Additionally, the recovery time was reduced from 184 s to 122 s. Based on experimental data and gas sensing reaction theory, this study attributes the improved gas sensing performance to the formation of p-n heterojunction, a larger specific surface area and rGO's catalytic effect. This study not only introduces a novel addition to the gas sensing material family but also promotes the development of advanced gas sensors.

Mo-Doped LaFeO3 Gas Sensors with Enhanced Sensing Performance for Triethylamine Gas.

Triethylamine is a common volatile organic compound (VOC) that plays an important role in areas such as organic solvents, chemical industries, dyestuffs, and leather treatments. However, exposure to triethylamine atmosphere can pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, gas-sensing semiconductor materials of LaFeO3 nano materials with different Mo-doping ratios were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The crystal structures, micro morphologies, and surface states of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS, respectively. The gas-sensing tests showed that the Mo doping enhanced the gas-sensing performance of LaFeO3. Especially, the 4% Mo-doped LaFeO3 exhibited the highest response towards triethylamine (TEA) gas, a value approximately 11 times greater than that of pure LaFeO3. Meantime, the 4% Mo-doped LaFeO3 sensor showed a remarkably robust linear correlation between the response and the concentration (R2 = 0.99736). In addition, the selectivity, stability, response/recovery time, and moisture-proof properties were evaluated. Finally, the gas-sensing mechanism is discussed. This study provides an idea for exploring a new type of efficient and low-cost metal-doped LaFeO3 sensor to monitor the concentration of triethylamine gas for the purpose of safeguarding human health and safety.

One-pot synthesis of CdMoO4 nano-octahedrons for highly selective and sensitive triethylamine sensing

CdMoO4 nano-octahedrons were successfully prepared using a one-pot hydrothermal method, and then decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Tests of the sensing performances confirmed the superior sensing properties of the Ag@CdMoO4 sensor. The sensor exhibited the strongest response value of 140.1 at 260 °C and a shorter response/recovery times (15 s/8 s) for 100 ppm triethylamine (TEA) gas compared with other detected gases. The detection limit for TEA gas was 10.6 ppb. The sensor also exhibited excellent stability. Favorable octahedrons-like nanostructure, higher relative percentage of the Oads, high catalytic activity of metal elements, and electron sensitization effect of Ag NPs jointly improved gas-sensing performances. The Ag-decorated CdMoO4 nano-octahedron sensor has great potential for the accurate and rapid detection of TEA gas with a strong sensing response.

Facile preparation of cobalt doped ZnO hierarchical structures for enhanced triethylamine gas sensing performance

Facile preparation of cobalt doped ZnO hierarchical structures for enhanced triethylamine gas sensing performance

Highly sensitive triethylamine gas sensor based on CeO2-modified Au–ZnO

Highly sensitive triethylamine gas sensor based on CeO2-modified Au–ZnO

Core–shell SnO2/NiO p–n heterojunction composite for enhanced triethylamine gas sensitivity and selectivity

Core–shell SnO2/NiO p–n heterojunction composite for enhanced triethylamine gas sensitivity and selectivity

Mesoporous CdO/CdGa2O4 microsphere for rapidly detecting triethylamine at ppb level

Developing fast, accurate and sensitive triethylamine gas sensors with low detection limits is paramount to ensure the safety of workers and the public. However, sensors based on single metal oxide materials still suffer from drawbacks such as low response sensitivity and long response and recovery times. To address these challenges, in this work, a series of mesoporous CdO/CdGa2O4 microspheres were synthesized. We optimized the sensor's sensing performance to triethylamine by fine-tuning the ratio of CdO to CdGa2O4. Among them, CdO:3CdGa2O4-based sensor demonstrates a rapid response time of 2 s to detect 100 ppm of triethylamine, with a high response value of 211 and exceptional selectivity. Furthermore, it exhibits a low detection limit of 20 ppb for triethylamine, making it suitable for practically testing fish freshness. Crucially, electron transfer between the heterojunctions increases the chemically adsorbed oxygen on the materials’ surface, thereby enhancing the sensor's response sensitivity to triethylamine. This discovery provides new insights and methodologies for the design of highly efficient triethylamine gas sensors.

High-Performance Triethylamine Gas Sensor by Surface Modification of LaFeO3With AgNPs

High-Performance Triethylamine Gas Sensor by Surface Modification of LaFeO₃With AgNPs

An excellent triethylamine sensor based on composite nanotube WO3/SnO2

Triethylamine (TEA) is a volatile organic compound, widely used in production and life. But as a strong irritating and flammable gas, it is a serious threat to people's life safety, so the development of high-performance TEA gas sensor is of great significance to human life and production. In this work, pure WO3 and WO3/SnO2 composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The morphology and microstructure of the obtained samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, PL, etc. Then the gas sensitivity of the samples was studied. The results show that both pure WO3 nanofibers and composite nanofibers have good selectivity for TEA. But compared with pure WO3 nanofibers, WO3/SnO2 nanofibers have higher response, faster response/recovery time (14 s/22 s) and better stability. The optimal temperature is 260 °C, 20 °C lower than that of pure WO3 nanofibers, and the response to 100 ppm TEA at this temperature is about 26, which is nearly 1 times higher than that of pure WO3 nanofibers. The improvement of gas-sensitive performance is mainly attributed to the successful construction of heterojunctions to improve electron transport efficiency and the optimization of morphology and structure through the composite.

High-performance triethylamine gas sensor with low working temperature based on amorphous derivative from ZIF-67

Although metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives are expected to exhibit advanced gas sensing properties, few amorphous MOF derivatives have been synthesized and used as gas sensors because common synthetic methods usually yield crystalline derivatives. In this work, an amorphous derivative of ZIF-67 consisting of nanocubes with an average size of about 200 nm was synthesized by calcining ZIF-67 at 260 ℃. The amorphous derivative started to transform into crystalline Co3O4 at a calcination temperature of 270 ℃, during which the nanocubes collapse into nanoparticles. The amorphous derivative has a high specific surface area of 350.2 m2/g and a high mesopore ratio of 77.3 %. Remarkably, the amorphous derivative of ZIF-67 delivers a significantly enhanced response of 74.8–100 ppm triethylamine (TEA) gas at a low working temperature of 100℃ (30 % relative humidity), which is superior to that of ZIF-67 and its crystalline derivative. In addition, the amorphous derivative offers higher selectivity, greater long-term stability and good response under high relative humidity conditions. The response and recovery times are 125 s and 88 s. The improved gas sensing performance is mainly attributed to the high adsorbed oxygen content, large specific surface area and higher porosity of the material. The synthetic method detailed here could facilitate the development of gas sensors based on amorphous materials.