Triceps Skinfold Research Articles

Impact of Flood on Children Nutrition

Purpose: Particularly with regard to floods, landslides, drought, forest fires, and hot and cold waves of viral infections every year, Nepal is a very disaster-prone nation due to the high summer precipitation rates. More landslides occur in Nepal's river hills and Terai region throughout the summer (June to September) due to the heavy monsoonal rain that falls during this time. In the up-stem region of rivers, flooding is more likely to occur, and the down-stem region of rivers has a dipping issue. Sedimentation harms homes, agriculture, and human life all at once. The research aims to distinguish nutritional difference among under-five children with and without flood through Weight, Height and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) reading. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was carried out in a Nepali region that had just experienced severe flooding. The nutritional status of children in flood-affected and non-flood-affected communities was assessed and compared as ex-post facto research. Used mixed methodologies (qualitative and quantitative) to analyse how floods affect in ECD children. Review of relevant literature on the consequences of a natural disaster (flood) on children who were affected by it. Establish the target population, take ethical issues into account, and ask the mother of the children to provide her informed consent. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from respondents. The children's height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured. The information was then analysed using SPSS and Ena (WHO software). Findings/Result: The floods affected children, who measured anthropometry and body mass and prepared results. Review of literature related to flood-affected children and the effects of natural floods (disasters). Define the target population, consider ethical considerations, and obtain informed consent from the children’s mother. The data shows flood-affected children are more malnourished than children in non-flood-affected in the sane social areas. In the Karnali River, unthinkable floods stop human life. During the flooding duration, almost all houses leave their homes for 1 to 4 weeks and stay as refuse in community buildings (community homes, schools, and Godam buildings). According to the Karnali River floods, this condition occurs 1–3 times per year. After every flooding, it takes huge cost for the maintenance of their home, toilet, and handpump to get back to their normal life. Originality/Value: This is the first empirical research in Nepal to compare and analyse the impact of flood on Children's nutrition status to draw the attention of policy maker and different societies working in the area. Paper Type: Review paper

Use of Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) Measurement Among Children with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Use of Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) Measurement Among Children with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Mid-upper Arm Circumference versus BMI Z-score as Malnutrition Indicators in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Oncology Patients

Mid-upper Arm Circumference versus BMI Z-score as Malnutrition Indicators in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Oncology Patients

Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers.

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) face malnutrition risk, which, combined with inflammation, can lead to sarcopenia, associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with CD. Fifty-three patients (26 women) participated (38.1 ± 10.9 years, 79% in remission). Body composition, physical performance, nutritional questionnaires, and biomarkers were performed. Malnutrition was screened with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Risk Tool (MIRT) and was assessed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool using etiologic along with three different phenotypic criteria: low Body Mass Index (BMI), low Calf Circumference (CC), and low Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). To find cases and evaluate sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia Questionnaire (SARC-F) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia2 (EWGSOP2) criteria were used. Malnutrition rates were 11.3% (n = 6), 7.5% (n = 4), and 5.6% (n = 3) based on low FFMI, CC, and BMI, correspondingly. Four (7%) patients had low Hand-Grip Strength (HGS), n = 8 (14.8%) had low Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM), and n = 3 (5.6%) had low gait speed. No-one had sarcopenia. A high albumin and triceps skinfold pattern, identified by principal component analysis, was related to reduced C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (B = -0.180, SE = 0.085, p = 0.045). In conclusion, based on the studied anthropometric, nutritional, and functional variables, CD patients were not diagnosed with sarcopenia in the present study. Body composition patterns were related to the inflammatory burden, underlying the interplay of inflammation and malnutrition, even in remission states. Further studies on older populations and during disease exacerbation are necessary to explore the potential link between CD, inflammation, and sarcopenia.

Reassessing the Proportional System of Joseon Era Wooden Architecture: The Bracket Arm Length and Width as a Standard Modular Method

Previous research has agreed that standard modular methods in Song Yingzao Fashi and Qing Gongcheng Zuofa were not applied to Korean wooden architecture. This study notes the size of bracket arms as a standard modular method by investigating the proportion systems of Sungnyemun, Paldalmun, and Heunginjimun Gates, the official government buildings of the Joseon Dynasty. The purlin direction bracket arms in the intercolumnar bracket sets apply a proportional system in the ratio of a regular integer relationship to the front and side facades and building height. Challenging current assumptions, the application of the bracket arm width as a modular rule is divided into more subdivided values than the measurement units. A particularly important finding is that, unlike the height of the bracket arms, the width and length of the brackets are standard members that determine the height of the side facades. This is very similar to the official government building styles in the Song and Qing Dynasties, premodern China. Therefore, this study is meaningful in reassessing wooden frame structures of the Joseon era, deriving parametric measuring rules universally applied in East Asia to provide basic data useful for heritage conservation.

A cross-sectional study on the nutritional status, dietary diversity, and small fish consumption patterns in coastal fishing communities of Ghana

Fish is readily available to fishing communities. Given the high nutritional value of fish, these communities are expected to have better nutritional status, compared to non-fishing communities. However, this assumption is not well studied across coastal fishing communities in Ghana. Hence, this cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status, dietary patterns, and fish consumption of children living in coastal fishing communities in Ghana. Nutritional status of 384 randomly selected children was assessed using the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement. MUAC less than 12.5 cm was used as the cutoff to identify malnourished children. Food and fish consumption patterns were assessed using an adopted and pretested food frequency questionnaire. The findings showed a prevalence of 0.5% wasting among surveyed children. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of the study participants was 4.3 ± 1.2. The mean DDS of the children of fisher mothers was less than that of the children of the female caregivers who are involved in other occupations. However, no significant difference was observed in the DDS across the coastal regions. Seventy eight percent of the children who participated in the study consumed an adequately diversified diet, and more than 40 different small fish species were consumed across the four coastal regions. The average median weekly fish intake among the children in the study sample was 213 (64–468) g. Considering that one-third of the employed respondents were fisherfolk, coupled with the availability of a great diversity of small fish in the communities, the findings of our study suggest that there is great potential to incorporate small fish into strategic interventions aimed at improving nutrition, food security, and achieving economic sustainability in these communities.

Validating a linear regression equation using mid-upper arm circumference to predict body mass index

Estimating body mass index (BMI) in hospitalised patients for nutritional assessment is challenging when measurement of weight and height is not feasible. The study aimed to validate a previously published regression equation to predict BMI using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). We also evaluated the proposed global MUAC cut-off of ≤24cm to detect undernutrition. We measured standing height, weight, and MUAC prospectively in a sample of stable patients. Agreement between calculated and predicted BMI was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. We studied 201 patients; 102 (51%) were male. Median (IQR age was 42 (29-50) years. 95% limits of agreement between predicted and calculated BMI were+0.6767 to+1.712 and the bias was+1.076. MUAC ≤24cm was 97% sensitive and 83% specific to detect undernutrition. BMI derived from MUAC had poor calibration for estimating actual BMI. However, low MUAC has good discriminative accuracy to detect undernutrition.

Should we consider sarcopenia in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease? A preliminary cross-sectional analysis.

Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently present an inadequate nutritional profile and musculoskeletal impairments. We investigated sarcopenia and its related traits in children and adolescents with CKD. A cross-sectional study that enrolled pediatric patients with CKD (≥ 4 and < 18years old). Physical function was assessed by handgrip strength and the 60-s sit-to-stand (STS-60) tests. Body composition measurement was performed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry through mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Normative reference values from healthy pediatrics were used for identifying poor physical function and low MUAC. Probable sarcopenia was considered as low handgrip strength, whereas sarcopenia was defined by adding low MUAC. Twenty-two pediatric patients with CKD (11 ± 4years and 59% boys) were evaluated; eight on peritoneal dialysis (36%), six on hemodialysis (27%), and eight non-dialysis (36%). Regarding sarcopenia traits, we observed low physical function by handgrip strength and STS-60 in 59% and 100% of the patients, respectively, while low MUAC in 77%. Probable sarcopenia was found in 9% and sarcopenia in 50%, but prevalence did not differ among stages. Handgrip strength was strongly associated with MUAC (r = 0.90; p < 0.001); on the other hand, the STS-60 was not significantly associated with any of the body composition variables. Among pediatric patients with CKD, the prevalence of sarcopenia and its related traits was high. Nephrology professionals should consider the assessment of sarcopenia in this population, while more evidence is needed to determine its prognostic value. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Prediction of serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers changes using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) technique

Previous studies have proposed that heat shock proteins 27 (HSP27) and its anti-HSP27 antibody titers may play a crucial role in several diseases including cardiovascular disease. However, available studies has been used simple analytical methods. This study aimed to determine the factors that associate serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers using ensemble machine learning methods and to demonstrate the magnitude and direction of the predictors using PFI and SHAP methods. The study employed Python 3 to apply various machine learning models, including LightGBM, CatBoost, XGBoost, AdaBoost, SVR, MLP, and MLR. The best models were selected using model evaluation metrics during the K-Fold cross-validation strategy. The LightGBM model (with RMSE: 0.1900 ± 0.0124; MAE: 0.1471 ± 0.0044; MAPE: 0.8027 ± 0.064 as the mean ± sd) and the SHAP method revealed that several factors, including pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), physical activity level (PAL), platelet distribution width, mid-upper arm circumference, systolic blood pressure, age, red cell distribution width, waist-to-hip ratio, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio, platelet count, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, red blood cells were associated with anti-HSP27, respectively. The study found that PAB and PAL were strongly associated with serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers, indicating a direct and indirect relationship, respectively. These findings can help improve our understanding of the factors that determine anti-HSP27 antibody titers and their potential role in disease development.

Effects of Cuff Size on the Accuracy of Blood Pressure Readings

Clinical practice guidelines recommend selecting an appropriately sized cuff based on mid-arm circumference prior to measuring blood pressure (BP). To our knowledge, the effect of miscuffing on BP measurement when using an automated BP device has not been quantified. To determine the effect of using a regular BP cuff vs an appropriately sized BP cuff on automated BP readings. This randomized crossover trial of community-dwelling adults with a wide range of mid-arm circumferences took place between March 16 and October 25, 2021, in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants were recruited via BP screening events at a public food market and a senior housing facility, targeted mailings to prior research participants, placement of study brochures in hypertension clinics at Johns Hopkins University, and referrals from physicians providing hypertension care to adults. Participants underwent 4 sets of triplicate BP measurements, with the initial 3 sets using an appropriate, too-small, or too-large BP cuff in random order; the fourth set of triplicate measurements was always completed with an appropriate BP cuff. The primary outcome was the difference in mean BP when measured with a regular BP cuff compared with an appropriate BP cuff. The secondary outcome was the difference in BP when using too-small or too-large BP cuffs vs an appropriate BP cuff across all cuff sizes. Results were also stratified by systolic BP (≥130 mm Hg vs <130 mm Hg) and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; ≥30 vs <30). A total of 195 adults (mean [SD] age, 54 [16] years; 67 [34%] male; 132 [68%] Black; 100 [51%] with hypertension) were randomized for inclusion. Among individuals requiring a small BP cuff, use of a regular BP cuff resulted in a statistically significant lower BP reading (mean systolic BP difference, -3.6 [95% CI, -5.6 to -1.7] mm Hg). In contrast, among individuals requiring a large or extra-large BP cuff, use of a regular BP cuff resulted in a statistically significant higher BP reading (mean systolic BP difference, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.0-6.6] mm Hg and 19.5 [95% CI, 16.1-22.9] mm Hg, respectively). For the secondary outcome, BP differences with overcuffing and undercuffing by 1 and 2 cuff sizes were greater among those requiring larger BP cuffs. The results were consistent in stratified analyses by systolic BP and body mass index. In this randomized crossover trial, miscuffing resulted in strikingly inaccurate BP measurements. This is particularly concerning for settings where 1 regular BP cuff size is routinely used in all individuals, regardless of arm size. A renewed emphasis on individualized BP cuff selection is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610775.

The Effect of STH Worm Infection on the Nutritional Status of Farmers in the Agronursing Area: Literature Review

STH (Soil Transmitted Helmints) worm infection is a disease that often occurs in people who live in agro-industrial areas, especially in people who work as farmers. Someone often underestimates this disease, even though if this disease attacks adults, it can cause it to occur decline in health conditions and work productivity. One way to prevent worms namely by promoting a clean and healthy life. This study aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between infection and the nutritional status of farmers. This study utilized a literature review to examine further the relationship between STH worm infections and nutritional status in an agronursing environment. The method used was a narrative literature review or traditional review. The literature search was conducted through article search engines, including Google Scholar and Research Gate. The results of the 10 articles found that the nutritional status and STH infection were not significantly affected, while some articles revealed that nutritional status based on upper arm circumference had a significant association with infectious disease morbidity.

Correlation between electronic wrist blood pressure with auscultatory blood pressure in children.

The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has turned hypertension into an important public health issue. In the current literature, auscultatory blood pressure measurement is recommended for the diagnosis of hypertension. The number of studies comparing electronic blood pressure measurement and auscultatory blood pressure measurement is limited. This study aimed to compare auscultatory blood pressure measurement with electronic blood pressure measurement in the children population group aged 5-15 years. A total of 72 patients aged between 5-15 years without chronic disease were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index, wrist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference) were performed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were first measured electronically from the wrist using an Omron Rs7 Intelli It HEM-6232T device, and then auscultatory measurements were performed. Each type of measurement was performed 3 times intermittently. The mean wrist circumference was 14.43±0.22 cm and the mean mid-upper arm circumference was 21.43±0.55 cm. Mean SBP, DBP and MAP measured electronically on the wrist were 104.1±1.5, 65.6±1.3 and 78.1±1.3 mmHg, respectively, and mean SBP, DBP and MAP measured via auscultation were 99.3±1, 61.4±0.7 and 73.6±0.7 mmHg, respectively. Electronically-measured wrist MAP had significantly moderate correlations with mid-upper arm and wrist circumference (r:0.547, r:0.559, p<0.01). Since the differences were less than 4 mmHg in both systolic and diastolic pressures between electronic wrist blood pressure (EWBP) measurement and auscultatory measurement, it appears that electronic measurement may be important in first line of blood pressure screening. Since it is easy and practical to use in the early period, it may be an alternative approach to auscultatory measurement among non-critical pediatric patients.

Aluminum Nano Stars with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Field Enhancement

Aim: The Finite Difference Time Domain approach has been used to assess the localised surface plasmon resonance and field enhancement for Al nanostars. The structure's potential as a refractive index sensor has been demonstrated. Background: Research on plasmonics has been possible in a variety of domains, including sensors, SERS, solar cells, and others, due to a tenability in the plasmon wavelength caused by a simple change in shape, size, or external environment. The growth of plasmonics has been greatly aided by the creation of novel ways for creating metallic nanostructures and a large deal of work on the creation of numerical algorithms to cope with arbitrarily shaped metallic nanostructures. The LSPR and field enhancement of an Al nano-star were the main topics of this paper. A larger RIS factor is obtained after adjusting the refractive index sensitivity parameter, making it appropriate for refractive index-based sensor nanostructures. Objective: This study's primary goal is to provide a comparative analysis of the refractive index sensitivity factor for Al nanostars dependent on their size and number of arms. Methods: Al nano star's LSPR and field enhancement have been assessed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). Results: By altering the size and number of arms of the nano star, the tenability of the plasmonic peak has been assessed, and it has been found that the peak is sensitive to the ambient dielectric constant. A study has been done on the refractive index sensitivity parameter. A higher sensitivity of about 370 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of other metallic Nanostar (NS), is seen after adjusting the size and number of arms. A wide range of applications is covered by the Al NS field enhancement pattern, which exhibits stronger enhancement with no aggregation at the plasmon peak. Conclusion: For LSPR sensing applications, the impact of modifying the environmental dielectric constant is examined. By changing the size and quantity of the Al NS's arms, we were able to compare the refractive index sensitivity parameter. The bigger size NS exhibits more peaks due to the contribution of the multipole; however, after tuning a number of parameters, better sensitivity in comparison to Au and Ag nanostar has been attained. Al NS can therefore be a promising sensing material for refractive index sensing employing LSPR properties.

Inflammatory profiles in febrile children with moderate and severe malnutrition presenting at-hospital in Uganda are associated with increased mortality.

Children in Africa carry a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and infectious disease. Together, malnutrition and infection are major contributors to global child mortality; however, their collective impact on immune activation are not well described. This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of children hospitalized with acute febrile illness at a single centre in Uganda. We investigated the association between malnutrition (determined using the mid-upper arm circumference, MUAC), immune activation (as measured by inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, CHI3L1, sTNFR1, Cystatin C, granzyme B, and sTREM-1), and mortality. Of the 1850 children eligible for this secondary analysis, 71 (3.8%) and 145 (11.7%) presented with severe acute malnutrition (SAM, MUAC <115mm) and moderate malnutrition (MUAC 115 to<125mm), respectively. SAM was associated with increased concentrations of CHI3L1, sTNFR1, Cystatin C, and sTREM-1, and decreased concentrations of CXCL10 and granzyme B, even after controlling for age, sex, and disease severity at presentation. There were 77 deaths (4.2%). SAM was associated with a 9.2-fold (95% CI 4.8-46), 17-fold (95% CI 3.9-74), and 13-fold (95% CI 3.5-52) increased odds of death in children with pneumonia, malaria, and diarrheal illness, respectively. Mediation analysis implicated sTREM-1 and CHI3L1 in the effect of SAM on mortality, suggesting that enhanced activation of these inflammatory pathways is associated with the increased mortality in undernourished children with pneumonia and malaria. Collectively, these data highlight systemic inflammation as a common pathway associated with malnutrition and infection that could be targeted to mitigate the burden of acute febrile illness in LMICs. This work was supported in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and by kind donations from The Tesari Foundation and Kim Kertland. The funders had no role in design, analysis, or reporting of these studies.

A cross-sectional study of anthropometry and immunization coverage of Anganwadi children in a rural area of Karnataka.

Children are a supreme asset to a nation. Beginning six years of life is pivotal for the social, emotional, cognitive, physical, motor, and psychological upbringing of the child. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 data shows 41.9% of children die before the age of five years, with greater mortality in the rural areas (45.7%). The present study was conducted to assess the anthropometric profile and immunization status of children in Anganwadi centers. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 21 Anganwadi centers in a rural area in South India. The anthropometry (height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference), morbidity profile, and immunization status of the enrolled and available children were assessed with the help of WHO growth charts, Salter scale, clinical examination, immunization cards, and data from Anganwadi registers. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Descriptive data were interpreted as mean and percentages and associations were tested with the Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. A P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Around 400 children, aged 0-6 years, participated in the study. The mean age of the study population was 42.08 ± 12.55 months. The overall prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 52%, 54%, and 47.5% respectively. The most common morbidity was upper respiratory tract infection (11.5%). A majority (97.5%) of children were found to be immunized appropriately as per age. The prevalence of malnutrition was alarmingly high which warrants urgent referral and follow-up. The ICDS services, although substantially beneficial, need focal strengthening with regard to the nutritional status of enrolled children.

Determinants of Activity Phenotype in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) have attracted attention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and there have been efforts to evaluate PA and SB separately. The factors associated with the characteristics of the four activity phenotypes defined by the durations of PA and SB are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the factors that could differentiate each activity phenotype. Study subjects were outpatients with stable COPD who were ≥40 years of age. We investigated the influence of 26 different factors on the activity phenotypes of COPD and extracted the factors that showed significant differences among the four activity phenotypes. Two hundred sixteen patients were included in the analysis. Exercise capacity and dyspnea were determinants that distinguished the low PA groups from the high PA groups. The pulmonary function and desaturation during exercise were factors that distinguished the high PA with low SB group from the low PA with high SB group. BMI, grip strength, upper arm circumference and HbA1c were higher in the low PA and low SB group than in the low PA and high SB group. These factors could be the determinants discriminating activity phenotypes of patients with COPD.

Exploring Factors Associated with Stunting in 6-Month-Old Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Stunting in children under the age of two is a significant global concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Intervention efforts often come too late as many of the underlying causal factors have already occurred earlier. While antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) have demonstrated positive effects on pregnancy outcomes, their impact on infant growth in the first six months remains inadequately explored in epidemiological studies. This study aims to identify factors associated with stunting at six months in infants whose mothers received MMS. A population-based cohort study was conducted in four subdistricts of Banggai, Indonesia. Pregnant women were recruited in their third trimester and followed up until their children were six months of age. Validated questionnaires were employed to gather data on social determinants of health and diet, and standardised methods were utilised for anthropometric measurements. Stunting was determined based on the WHO child growth standards. The analysis comprised data from 152 mother-child pairs. The prevalence of stunting during early infancy (first two months) was 18.4%, which decreased to 15.8% in later infancy (at six months). Factors such as small-for-gestational-age (AOR = 11.29; 2.73-46.66), preterm birth (AOR = 6.33; 1.25-31.97), short birth length (AOR = 4.31; 1.11-16.78), maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) below 23.5 cm, and female infants (AOR = 3.27; 95%CI: 1.04-10.27) were associated with stunting at six months. This study highlights that stunting in the first six months is present at birth, with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) as a strong predictor. In addition, there was a trend to improved growth (-0.30 [-0.79 to 0.18]) in infants born to mothers who received MMS supplementation pre-pregnancy rather than during pregnancy, although it was not statistically significant.

KENDALA PENGUKURAN PANJANG BADAN, BERAT BADAN, DAN LINGKAR LENGAN ATAS PADA BALITA DI POSYANDU SOKON, FATUKOA

The toddler period is the first year of human life. This period is an important and critical period. The toddler period is classified as a developmental stage that has the potential to have health problems because the immune system in toddlers is not strong enough to deal with viruses or germs from outside. In this regard, it is necessary to monitor nutritional status by measuring physical growth using anthropometric parameters. Monitoring of nutritional status that is often carried out regularly at posyandu is measuring body length (PB), body weight (BB) and upper arm circumference (LILA). During the measurement activities at Posyandu Sokon, Fatukoa, difficulties and challenges were found that could bias the measurement, so it is very important to handle and control it so that the results obtained are valid and do not harm the clients being served. The tool used to measure body length is the Length Board, for body weight is a digital scale, and to measure the LILA uses the LILA tape. The number of toddlers measured was 63 people. From the inspection activities, there were many obstacles when taking measurements where the most common difficulties were found, namely toddlers who often cry and cannot be silent when they want to be examined

BESLENME DEĞERLENDİRMESİ: KARNATA’DAKI JENE KURUBA KABILESINDEKI YETIŞKIN ERKEKLERIN KRONIK ENERJI EKSIKLIĞININ IKI YARARLI ANTROPOMETRIK ÖLÇÜMÜNÜN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

India has a severe health issue with undernutrition (U.N.), particularly among the underprivileged poor tribal population. The current cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the nutritional condition of 145 adult male Jene Kurubas in Karnataka and compare the two functional anthropometric indices of Chronic Energy Deficiency (C.E.D.). C.E.D. was assessed using the B.M.I. (body mass index) and the MUAC (mid-upper-arm circumference). According to the results of the current study, chronic energy deficiency was prevalent in 53.8% of cases, and undernutrition based on MUAC &amp;lt; 23.0 cm was present in 48.3% of cases. According to WHO recommendations, these prevalences fall into the highly high-prevalence category (≥ 40 per cent), signifying a critical situation. The rate of C.E.D. was significantly higher (81.4%) among those with low MUAC (&amp;lt; 23.0 cm) than among those with a normal MUAC (≥ 23.0 cm) (18.6%). The findings of this study suggest that the Jene Kurubas tribal group was under significant dietary and nutritional stress. For surveys of the human population, particularly among indigenous people, i.e. tribes of developing countries like India, it may be more appropriate to employ mid-upper-arm circumference due to budget constraints or lack of resources and professional labour.

Anthropometric measures and physical examination could be used to assess phenotypic GLIM (Global leadership initiative on malnutrition) criteria in heart failure patients

Background and aimsThe assessment of muscle mass using technology-based methods is less commonly performed when applying the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria due to the lack of skilled clinical nutrition practitioners and/or equipment. Based on the predictive validity of poor health outcomes and feasibility in clinical practice, this study aimed to analyze whether the measurement of calf circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), and the physical examination could be used as substitutes for muscle mass assessment, as well as handgrip strength (HGS) used as a substitution when applying the GLIM criteria in hospitalized HF patients. Methods and resultsFrom June 2022 to January 2023, a single-center prospective study including 216 patients was performed. Additionally, covariates were identified by a directed acyclic graph. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was also used to analyze and compare the association between poor health outcomes and malnutrition (based on 5 types of GLIM criteria). Cohen-kappa coefficient and TELOS-feasibility score were calculated. The prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 35.2% to 42.6%, depending on the tool used. After adjusting for covariates, malnutrition assessed using CC, MAC, or physical examination within the GLIM criteria was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (90-day HF-related readmission or all-cause mortality and prolonged hospital stay) but not with HGS. ConclusionCC, MAC and results from physical examination but not HGS may serve as a substitutive metric of muscle mass contained in the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition and predict poor clinical outcomes among HF patients. Registration numberThis study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.(ChiCTR2200057876) on 20 Mar. 2022.