Tribal Ways Research Articles

Intersection of claim for Scheduled Tribe Status and Identity Politics among the Kurmi Mahto of Chotanagpur Region in India

Various forms of protest such as rail-road roko and election boycott have been displayed by the Kurmi community to show their strength and legitimacy in their claim for Scheduled tribe status. By analysing pre-independence census data by British anthropologists, their study of culture and tribal way of life, and current socio-economic and political standing, the authors have attempted to trace the location of Kurmis (Mahto) of Chotanagpur region in the indigeneity discourse and their claim for ST status.

Transformation of the legal status of the Mongol lands that became part of the Manchu provinces during the creation of Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Girin

The subject of the study is the process of changing the legal status of Mongolian lands, which before the beginning of the twentieth century were united into the polities of Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Barga (Hulun-Buir), which had the status of autonomous states within the Qing Empire. Having guarantees of immunity from the penetration of the Chinese population into their borders, these lands preserved the ancient tribal way of life, the division of the principality (khoshuns) led by the Dzasaks – the descendants of Genghis Khan or his brother Khasar. However, Chinese colonization, which began in the 1880s, the political weakness of the emperors and the objective need to expand the living space of the Han population of the huge empire, forced the central authorities in Beijing to violate ancient agreements, begin to alienate the lands of the khoshuns and create on them the Chinese system of administrative-territorial devices. The research methodology was based on an interdisciplinary approach based on tools from a number of humanities: ideographic, or descriptive-narrative method, the principle of historicism, retrospective method, periodization method, comparative legal method, reconstruction method, structural method and narrative approach, and also, taking into account the legal component of the phenomenon under study – the dogmatic method and the method of legal hermeneutics. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in modern domestic science, the process of transition from the clan organization of the Mongolian and Manchu lands to its modern state has been reconstructed, while considering it in the context of the continuity of key territorial structures, a significant part of which is currently functioning in the Chinese People's Republic Republic (provinces and districts).

Epistemologies of Family: Intentionally Centering Relationality, Mutuality and Care in Educational Research

ABSTRACT This article resulted from an American Education Research Association (AERA) conference presentation that consisted of a dialogue between three scholar-siblings of color who use methodological pathways that intentionally center relationality, mutuality, and care in educational research. The authors do this work understanding that familial ways of knowing and being are resources that contribute to the survival and thriving of BIPOC communities in the face of white supremacist structures. The authors’ conversation discusses how they disrupt the white western gaze by relying on the critical mass of Black, Indigenous, and other scholars of color who refuse exploitive methods and, instead, charted new methodological pathways that (re)center cultural, familial, and tribal ways of knowing. Given the authors’ positionalities, the communities and families that collectively raised them, and the extended scholarly family who have nurtured and supported them in their efforts to push against extractive research practices, the authors attend to the ways knowledge is shaped at the intersections of race and gender. This dialogue contends that there are sophisticated knowledges, ways of knowing, and ways of being rooted in the experience of marginalized families caring for one another and fighting for each other’s rights.

Education of Montenegrins in the Russian Empire as a Tool of Political and Cultural Influence (By the Example of the Activities of the MFA and slavic charity committees)

The article is dedicated to the issue of the participation of the officials and public organizations of Russia in the selection of candidates for education in our country among Montenegrin youth in schools and higher educational institutions. Russian officials were interested in creating a number of specialists in the Slavic lands of the Balkan Peninsula, connected with Russia, who knew and loved Russian culture. Today, such a policy is called “soft power”, and in the XIX and early XX centuries this was a manifestation of pragmatism and strategic calculation in the foreign policy of the empire. Montenegro, which received international recognition after the Berlin Congress of 1878, became a privileged partner and client of Russia. Monarch Nikola Petrovich managed to convince the Russian government that in case of military complications in the Balkans, the Montenegrins would be able to assist Russia in the hostilities. In the last third of the XIX — early XX centuries Russian autocracy paid substantial subsidies to the Montenegrin authorities for the modernization of the state apparatus and the armed forces. Benefits were constantly increased and added up to huge sums. However, the ruler of Montenegro turned out to be an obstinate ward, inclined to forget about the support provided and ignore the political recommendations of the Russian tsar and his entourage. At the beginning of the twentieth century relations between the two countries were strained, and the behavior of Nikola Petrovich often seemed unpredictable. He easily broke his own promises, from time to time he showed a willingness to change Russian patronage for the friendship of Western Europe. Many Russian diplomats and public figures saw a way out of this impasse in preparing as many highly educated specialists as possible for Montenegro, who would join the political elite of the principality and become more reliable allies than the greedy older generation. Moreover, in Montenegro, which had recently switched from a tribal way of life to state life, there was neither a complete secondary school in the European sense, nor higher educational institutions. The calculations of the Russian leadership were only partially justified. However, in this small Balkan country, graduates of Russian educational institutions, sincerely grateful and devoted to Russia, did live and work.

Lexical techniques of sangam women poets

The greatest vacuum in the world of Tamil literature was prevented by the reprinting of Sangam copies. Editors like C Vai Tha, U Ve Sa, Sowri Perumal Arangan, and others accomplished that great task perfectly. It is noteworthy that the study and reading of Sangam literature has been disrupted and has revived many fields of study on their own and occupies an incontrovertible place in the world of literary studies. Just as Sangam literature is an incontrovertible copy in the world of literature, so women have been the dominant race in the early years of human social dialectics. At a time when the remains of matrilineal society are being forgotten, getting to know the women authors of Sangam literature who have recorded the tribal way of life, and their semantic technique through their works would be a retelling of the vanished vocabulary historical past. Out of the 18 books contained within the Sangam literature collection, 30 women poets have contributed. Of them, 15 sang only Akam songs. There were 8 people who sang only Puram songs and 7 sang both. In the entire Sangam literature, the compositions of the women poets do not appear in the two volumes of Ainkurunooru and Kalithokai, which are a limited collection, rather than a collection of single songs. Similarly, there are no records of women in the Paripaadal and Pathupattu songs, which are placed too backward in the chronology. This article illustrates the semantic technique of the women poets by taking only one or the first word in the Sangam literature, which appears in 154 poems written by female poets.

Theology of Character Education From the Perspective of The Qur'an In Supporting Islamic Education Curriculum

This paper aims to understand the relevance of the education character perspective of the Koran in the shape of generation Qur'anic. The phenomenon found that many students still carry out intolerant actions, brawls, sexual harassment and even acts of radicalism. Character education gets attention and has a strong enough impetus to create a generation of character today. Method research used is study library research. Technique data collection using data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal conclusion. Results study this show that education character has relevance in the Qur'an. Score education has taken character namely tolerance, religion, love of peace, and love of homeland. Like in QS al - Kafirun: 6 explains suggestion tolerance where the value that can be actualized is by putting forward principle each other value difference, QS Al- Jatsiyah: 22 explains about behaviour religious reflect an awareness that every action will get a reply from God. Surah Al-Anfal: 61 explains to remember God so that one could withhold self from deed zalim and avoid contention. QS Al-Hujurat: 1 3 explains that God created man in diverse, national, and tribal ways that needed unity Among one another. To realize unity, somebody must put forward an attitude of empathy, mutual value and no hostility. With the fourth score character, the Qur'an perspective can become Foundation for shaping the qur'anic generation. The four values ​​of character education are supports that can strengthen the curriculum of Islamic religious education in Indonesia.

Eco-Spirituality and the Nature of Colonialism in F. Sionil Jose’s The God Stealer

Ecocritics argue that everything in the world is interconnected and that humans have a moral obligation to safeguard nature. According to some researchers, human culture and nature are intricately intertwined and impact one another. As a result, this is one of the few studies that looked at the nature of colonialism as described in F. Sionil Jose's The God Stealer. It also looked into the idealization of nature and the rural by building a link between nature and culture. Furthermore, the data revealed that nature plays an important role in many indigenous ceremonies, customs, cultures, and spiritualities. The concept is not to reject the worldly, but to live in harmony with nature. It argues that God's existence is revealed through His creation and creatures. Moreover, the theft of an idol or god in The God Stealer implies disregard for tribal beliefs and traditions. In addition, the character Sam Christie personifies an exploitative colonial force that devalues an idol/god (nature) by turning it into a collectible. The analyses also show that colonialism has caused alterations to traditional tribal ways of living. Thus, it is evident that the nature of colonialism is portrayed in F. Sionil Jose's The God Stealer. Also, An analysis of the eco-feministic approach to discovering masculine colonialism, as well as the socio-political structures, may be studied in order to uncover the themes and sub-themes in F. Sionil Jose’s Literature.

Politico-cultural appropriation of Native American in American Indian poetry and drama: Unflinchingly documents the halfway existence

During the Twentieth century Native American literature evolved from anonymity into prominence by assuming a commitment to reflect the particular challenges that faced Native American people during last two centuries. Native American Literature illuminates about Native American lives, culture and how Indian values have changed from traditional tribal to mainstream ones that threatened tribal existence. The paper seeks to substantiate that this literature documents the horrible impact of brutal federal government on Indian’s lives through policies and programs designed to subject them to degrading and confining existence both on physical and mental levels. The paper also seeks to prove that the Indians in order to adapt themselves to the mainstream Euro-American ways lost their old ones along the way but could not adopt mainstream American lifestyle. At the turn of the Twenty First century, because of the coercive strategies for assimilation, American Indians residing on reservations could not become a part of mainstream America but the way back to traditionalism was also farther away and irreversible. The paper also strives to substantiate that Native American literature documents and provokes Indians to assert their tribal identity by retaining many of the tribal ways and values.

LESLIE MARMON SILKO’NUN AYİN ADLI ROMANINDA ÇOKSESLILIK, HİKAYE ANLATIMI VE DİŞİL SESİN OTORİTE YIKIMI

Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony is a Native American novel about the psychological disorder of Tayo and his ceremony for recovery through native stories and tribal ways. In the manner of magical realism, Silko incorporates native stories into the novel and presents Native American culture and stories as vital factors in the dissemination and ‘de-centralization’ of the ruling white culture. Though the main character of the novel is male, female figures, both human and mythical, play a crucial role in this dissemination because they lie at the heart of Indian American Laguna culture and stories. Spinning stories, as in Western culture, is presented as a female act and the female mythical figures in the stories play a central role in Tayo’s ceremony. Relying on Bakhtin’s idea of dialogism and the disseminating role of another’s word in authoritative discourses, this paper aims to study how the Indian American Laguna culture disseminates and decentralizes the white authoritative discourse with its stories and how another’s word emerges as feminine voice in the novel.

The Politics of Difference: Ol-Chiki and Santal Identity in Eastern India

The indigenous people of India have a very contested history of their origin, and hence a blurred identity. The initial contours of tribal identity in India was shaped by the idea that tribals should be assimilated into the dominant Hindu fold or integrated as citizens of a nation state. The dominant communities wanted the tribals even to learn and speak the languages of the dominant groups over their own native languages. On the other hand, the struggles against this discrimination waged by the oppressed and subordinated forlast two centuries or more were seen as struggle for recognition as equals. However, in recent times, as a counter to the threat posed to the tribal ways of living by the dominant groups, articulation of tribal identity has been emerging from within. The new struggle encompassed another completely new and opposite demand – the demand for recognition of difference. Building on Santali script (Ol-Chiki) movement in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, the paper argues that the struggle for equal rights of citizenship and distribution along with taking pride in their own tribal identity has led to the development of subnationalism among the Santals in Eastern India.

IRAQI WOMEN'S SITUATION AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

From a historical point of view, the Iraqi society is well known for its conservative social fabric, but that didn’t necessarily mean that Iraqi women were shadowed over by that conservative atmosphere. Through its history Iraq has produced famous, courageous, and self dependent women, in different fields of life. During Modern History Iraq was a part of the Ottoman Empire for about four centuries, with the decline of that Empire, the Iraqi society was affected either directly or indirectly, and the situation of women in Iraq wasn’t getting any better, not to mention some of the local traditions that were designed to prevent women from taking their right role, even from a religious perspective, due to the tribal way of life that the Iraqi society was ruled by. All the above and more were elements that slowed down women in the Iraqi society in having a wider, more diverse role, and resulted in the long lasting; acuminated an affection of these elements, the Iraqi society has lost its capacity to rebuild and flourish.

Cooperation between the Russian and Montenegrin Diplomats in the Early Twentieth Century: The Problems of Professional Dialogue

In the early twentieth century, cooperation between Russia and Montenegro was not easy. On the one hand, the Russian Empire made great efforts to help Montenegrins in the process of state-building and in achieving the foreign policy objectives by the principality, which had recently been recognized by the international community. On the other hand, relations between officials at various levels were rather tense. Russia and Montenegro permanently had different views a number of controversial issues. The Russian government firmly adhered to the status quo policy in the Balkans. Montenegrin Prince and his entourage hoped to increase their territories, and after 1878 were ready to break the balance in the region. All attempts of the Russian diplomats to control and restrain the activity of the junior partners ended with the increase in tension and mutual discontent. Russian leaders considered the behavior of the Montenegrin elite as ingratitude. However, the problem of constant tension in bilateral contacts was much more complicated. Such factors as the national-psychological characteristics of the Montenegrin people, their specific militant mentality and readiness to fight back anyone who encroached on national independence, played a serious role in the deterioration of the situation. In addition, the surviving remnants of the tribal way of life, extremely low level of education in the Principality, acute shortage of qualified personnel in the public service of Montenegro contributed to increasing frictions between the Russian and Montenegrin diplomats. Scholars involved into a comprehensive study of this small Slavic country understood the particular national character of Montenegrins better. Pavel A. Rovinsky was an excellent expert on Montenegrin mentality. His answers on many seemingly intractable questions one can find in his writings. Based on his research, we can today take a fresh look at the difficulties of the professional dialogue between the Russian and the Montenegrin leaders.

Office in a Small City, and: Postpartum vinegar-making, and: The Colour of Race

Office in a Small City, and: Postpartum vinegar-making, and: The Colour of Race Jennifer Wong (bio) Office in a Small City after Hopper And for one last time todayhe will clear his in-tray, tidy up his desk,put all the pens back to the right places.He compiles the spreadsheets into a neat file for tomorrow's briefing,sales figures to justify his life with. Those little white liesyou need just to survive. The window cleaners are wiping cleanthe mirror surface of the building from the outside, poorly paid spidermenin their acts, and he tries to sit back and take in this view he's ended up with,so carefully built year after year in this small city, small enoughto dream and wallow in. [End Page 27] Postpartum vinegar-making Elephantine in the ninth month,I'm the butcher's wife from Ming dynastyhunting for fresh pig trottersin the local Morrisons instead of chilling out in Starbuckswith other nct yummy mummies.I'm busy preparing my ginger recipe:one portion sweet, two portions sour. Make it not too early nor too late.In my house spiced with memoriesI indulge in my tribal ways. And I'm singingto my baby in the womb the classic tune hong gai dan, ju geuk geung bat chun tim cho fen oi heeeeuuuunnng! Black and sweet, strongly flavoured,reboil it each day as birth draws near.The perfect soup to nourish the female body.Add in the eggs when the baby appears. Let the trotters immerse and absorbthe ginger in the claypot.Let the succulent soup bring mea buddha-faced baby on the luckiest date. Baby daughter, get ready for England! [End Page 28] The Colour of Race It bothers me, this feeling of trespassingplaces, taking certain bus routesfrom Walthamstow, from Elephant and Castle: Their colourful clothes, their dreadlocks,the curiosity in that young boy's stare,and when they smile, their white teeth … I catch one white woman saying to another,'I wouldn't like my children growing up herebecause it is so … multicultural.' What makes her look away, why does she tremble?Who are those in parka jackets, waiting in the darknessfor the first bus in Hounslow, in Tooting, in Oval? Baristas. Cleaners. Grocers. Bus drivers.Lives measured in shifts and toilet breaks,happiness in the annual leave they take. What about that man in the localchicken shop? He's been frying drumsticksfor years and years. Does he ever speak? I know who that Chinese girl is outsideCanary Wharf station, handing leafletsto passersby, on a weekend, for a few quid. She studies management by dayand in the evening, swipes meats and fruitsat the counter, but she'd stoop for any [End Page 29] job in this country, if she can stay.Why does the Uber driver tell mehis story? He works seven days a week, has never been to a theatre.In Pakistan, his father is dying.He's saving every penny for his children So they can be somebody, he smiles.But the cab passes slowly through the streetsin Chelsea, disappears into the traffic. [End Page 30] Jennifer Wong Jennifer Wong was born and grew up in Hong Kong. She is the author of Goldfish (Chameleon Press). She studied English at Oxford and completed an MA in creative writing at the University of East Anglia. She earned a PhD in creative writing from Oxford Brookes University. She teaches creative writing at Oxford Brookes, City Lit, and Poetry School. Copyright © 2019 University of Nebraska Press

Emergence of dengue in the tribal pockets of Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu.

As original tribal ways of living have morphed from a forest dweller existence, dengue is no longer an urban infection but is now also found in rural hilly areas. The spread of dengue is enhanced by the frequent movement of people to endemic areas where there is a vector mosquito presence. The impact of the virus is known to be great in the immunologically naive population. Our study reports on the threat of the dengue virus in these hilly areas.

Changing food pattern of tribal women of Jharkhand state with special reference to Gumla district

Like other society, tribal societies are also changing. Changes in tribal societies have taken place with the passage of time. The processes responsible for changes in tribal societies are hinduisation, Sanskritsation, christianisation, De sanskritisation, retribalisation, urbanisation, industrialisation westernization and modernisation. The processes of change have affected the tribal way of life positively as well as negatively. Christianity has brought education and development in tribal societies. The changes in tribal societies were brought in every sphere of life during the British rule. The process of westernization also brought some induced change. These processes influenced the life of tribal societies. These modernization process has also influenced the style of life of tribals, in our country. The main objectives of the study is to access the magnitude and Characteristics of Changing food pattern of tribal women of Jharkhand state with special reference to Gumla District which is influenced by a wide range of factors like agro climatic differences foods grown and availability. Beliefs, Customs and traditions influence the general Pattern of living in any community. Beliefs, in inherent and integral as they are in the cultural matrix acts as in visible force in translating Present ideas in to overt acts and customs. Objectives : (1) To know about the traditional food of tribal community and to compare them with modern aspect of food habit. (2) To know the perception of the tribal women about changing food pattern of tribal women. Study design : Stratified random sampling technique. Scale : Nominal and interval scale. Setting : Study was performed on Bharno Block. Village name : (i) Jura (ii) Dumbo Khakshi toil (iii) Peepar toil (iv) Boro. Gumla Block. Village name :- (i) Pugu nawa toil (ii) Raj Nagar (iii) Behra toil. The Sample 400 adult women (between 20 to 45 years of age) was randomly selected for the study. Method of data collection: Data will be collected from the respondents with the help of the interview schedule by personally interviewing the respondents and through observation technique. Result : The overall result of this study is that the ''Changing food pattern of tribal women of Jharkhand state with special reference to Gumla District'' is not so good or bad. It is moderate and some nutritional correction is required even having good income they used to practice their old eating habits and also old cooking methods. Thus they must be provided with proper nutrition education programme and educate them about proper health, hygiene and improved cooking practices so that they can develop themselves and maintain their health in good condition.

Using Peculiarities Of The Word “Greetings” In Kazakh, Russian And English Languages

The paper is discussed about the similarities and differences of forms of greetings in three languages, such as Kazakh, Russian and English languages. There are various forms of greetings in three languages, the form of greetings can have some dialectal characteristics that are probably related to the historical and geographical division of nations. Also it is about the connection between the history and culture of the Kazakh people and language forms, which were formed as a result of a long historical development of the Kazakh linguocultural community. However, recent decades are characterized as the rapid development of communication links, changes in living conditions, the expansion of the information boundaries, the destruction of the tribal way of life, which could not affect at the linguistic forms.

Tribal Way of Livestock Husbandry: An Ethnobotanical Survey of Purulia District, India in Search for Fodder Plants: Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Relevance

Tribal Way of Livestock Husbandry: An Ethnobotanical Survey of Purulia District, India in Search for Fodder Plants: Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Relevance

Meeting the Needs of the People: Fish Consumption Rates in the Pacific Northwest

Meeting the Needs of the People: Fish Consumption Rates in the Pacific Northwest

Connected to the wellspring: ecclesiological capabilities of small groups of adolescents

The relationship between adolescents and institutional manifestations of church is often problematic. Nevertheless, adolescents still have a need to talk about and to experience faith together with other adolescents. When institutional activities are not available or do not satisfy the needs of the adolescents they sometimes create their own small groups and (informal) meetings to affirm their faith integrated in their (social) lives. Sociological studies also show the tendency to create their own small groups (tribes) besides existing groups of institutional organisations. In this article the question posed is how this more tribal way of being together can be seen as church. Is a (new) form of ecclesiology possible in a world of small groups, networks, social media? This article describes ecclesiological capabilities in a complex sociological environment for adolescents.

A Constructive Indian Country Response to the Evidence-Based Program Mandate

Over the last 20 years governmental mandates for preferentially funding evidence-based “model” practices and programs has become doctrine in some legislative bodies, federal agencies, and state agencies. It was assumed that what works in small sample, controlled settings would work in all community settings, substantially improving safety, effectiveness, and value-for-money. The evidence-based “model” programs mandate has imposed immutable “core components,” fidelity testing, alien programming and program developers, loss of familiar programs, and resource capacity requirements upon tribes, while infringing upon their tribal sovereignty and consultation rights. Tribal response in one state (Oregon) went through three phases: shock and rejection; proposing an alternative approach using criteria of cultural appropriateness, aspiring to evaluability; and adopting logic modeling. The state heard and accepted the argument that the tribal way of knowing is different and valid. Currently, a state-authorized tribal logic model and a review panel process are used to approve tribal best practices for state funding. This constructive response to the evidence-based program mandate elevates tribal practices in the funding and regulatory world, facilitates continuing quality improvement and evaluation, while ensuring that practices and programs remain based on local community context and culture. This article provides details of a model that could well serve tribes facing evidence-based model program mandates throughout the country.