Triadic Model Research Articles

Issues of forming professional self-efficiency in conditions of personalized education

The paper outlines the modern contexts of the system for training specialists, the tasks and guidelines for its development. The authors describe the characteristics of professional self-efficacy and reveal the essence of individualization and personification. The work also considers problems that require changes in the system of vocational education in terms of approaches, technologies, forms and methods of personalization or individualization, personification and personalization of learning. The purpose of the study is to study the potential of the model for training a specialist, which allows one to successfully compete in the labor market from the standpoint of one’s professional self-efficacy. As a methodological technique, a conceptual analysis of a critical nature is used, in the discourse of which the valorization of a person's professional self-efficacy in the conditions of professional education is realized, triadically revealed in personalization or individualization, personification, personalization. The personalization of education is implemented with the help of personalized technologies that contribute to the disclosure of the actual completeness of the content of the triadic model of professional self-efficacy of the individual. Personalized technologies for self-study of students in the system of higher education based on a specialized methodological content favor independent learning, which forms a modern pedagogical matrix of thinking in the context of the valorization of the educational activity of the student, increasing the maximum value and usefulness of educational programs, knowledge, etc.

Language attitudes: construct, measurement, and associations with language achievements

ABSTRACT The article reports on the development and validation of a new scale for assessing attitudes towards multiple languages among multilingual students from Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China. The Language Attitudes Scale-Student Form (LASS) was developed based on relevant theory and literature as well as interview data from four students and four language teachers. The LASS consists of 40 items, with ten measuring students’ attitudes towards their dialect, ethnic (minority) language, Putonghua, and English, respectively. The LASS was validated among 5,237 students of seven schools from the elementary level to the tertiary level. The participants were mainly from Han (n 1 = 1,827) and two ethnic minority groups of Tujia (n 2 = 2,242) and Miao (n 3 = 886). The traditional triadic (cognition-affect-behaviour) model of language attitudes was generally supported across ethnic groups, languages, and educational levels. A series of validity tests and reliability tests were conducted, showing that the LASS was psychometrically sound. In addition, the predictive effects of language attitudes in self-perceived language proficiency and real language achievement were also confirmed to a large extent, highlighting the need to include language attitude as an important individual difference factor for language learning.

Wolność człowieka w poglądach Arystotelesa ze Stagiry. Analiza kategorii doktrynalnej z wykorzystaniem rozszerzonej formuły wolności Geralda MacCalluma

Among contemporary researchers of the concept of freedom, there is complete agreement about the importance that Isaiah Berlin’s October 31, 1958, inaugural lecture “Two Concepts of Freedom”, given at the University of Oxford, has contributed to science. Published later and reprinted many times, it reorganized reflection on the concept of freedom by introducing the terms positive and negative freedom. Despite the appearance of numerous critical voices in the literature on the subject, it is certainly impossible to practice science today without recalling the aforementioned dichotomy. Nine years later, Gerald MacCallum – inspired by, i.a., Berlin’s theory – presented his own triadic model of freedom. In my research, I use this model, but extend its scope with an additional dimension of internal and external freedom. Therefore, the aim of this article is to reconstruct the category of human freedom present in the views of Aristotle of Stagira, carried out precisely by applying the extended formula of MacCallum and building its model with the use of the introduced research instruments. The adopted multidimensional perspective of observing human freedom allows for a comprehensive approach to various planes of human life, on which we can see the manifestations of this enigmatic and ambiguous concept that we call freedom.

The Concept of Liminality as a Theoretical Tool in Literary Memory Studies: Liminal Aspects of Memory in Salman Rushdie’sMidnight’s Children

The Concept of Liminality as a Theoretical Tool in Literary Memory Studies<b>: Liminal Aspects of Memory in Salman Rushdie’s</b><b><i>Midnight’s Children</i></b>

Effective components on the process of concept and meaning creation and their application in ontologies: focusing on Peirce’s triadic sign model

PurposeThis study aims to focus on the interpretation component of Peirce’s triadic model of sign to identify: the components affecting the interpretation of an object and the components affecting the meaning creation by people for use in ontologies. Ashura was selected because it is a historical event and a meaningful sign in Iranian religious culture.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, the Instagram pages of five groups of people were chosen as the sample and examined using qualitative content analysis. In the second step, 18 creators of Ashura works were selected, their lived experience in creating these works was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed through phenomenology method.FindingsBased on the results, the concept is context-oriented; one cannot interpret the signs according to one’s personal preferences because the context, social rules and habits limit this interpretation. Accordingly, the use of reference systems and rules of logic, as well as artificial intelligence and computer science tools alone cannot help represent meaning in ontologies. Rather, individual characteristics, contexts, presuppositions and components existing in personal, social and technological worlds are effective on concept formation and meaning creation. Thus, these factors must be considered in ontology, especially for multi-faceted and context-oriented concepts, such as Ashura.Originality/valueThis research adopted a new approach and method to study ontology. This study focused on interpretation and adopted Peirce’s sign model for ontology design.

History, insights, and future perspectives on studies into luteal function in cattle.

The corpus luteum (CL) forms following ovulation from the remnant of the Graafian follicle. This transient tissue produces critical hormones to maintain pregnancy, including the steroid progesterone. In cattle and other ruminants, the presence of an embryo determines if the lifespan of the CL will be prolonged to ensure successful implantation and gestation, or if the tissue will undergo destruction in the process known as luteolysis. Infertility and subfertility in dairy and beef cattle results in substantial economic loss to producers each year. In addition, this has the potential to exacerbate climate change because more animals are needed to produce high-quality protein to feed the growing world population. Successful pregnancies require coordinated regulation of uterine and ovarian function by the developing embryo. These processes are often collectively termed "maternal recognition of pregnancy." Research into the formation, function, and destruction of the bovine CL by the Northeast Multistate Project, one of the oldest continuously funded Hatch projects by the USDA, has produced a large body of evidence increasing our knowledge of the contribution of ovarian processes to fertility in ruminants. This review presents some of the seminal research into the regulation of the ruminant CL, as well as identifying mechanisms that remain to be completely validated in the bovine CL. This review also contains a broad discussion of the roles of prostaglandins, immune cells, as well as mechanisms contributing to steroidogenesis in the ruminant CL. A triadic model of luteolysis is discussed wherein the interactions among immune cells, endothelial cells, and luteal cells dictate the ability of the ruminant CL to respond to a luteolytic stimulus, along with other novel hypotheses for future research.

Semiotic Facet of Reconciliation: Politics of the Representation of Indo-Pak Relations in Google Ad

Visual representations regulate reform, construct, and subvert ideologies that affect lives, cultural images, credibility, and international relations, etc. The study diverts attention to the soft power of visual discourse in challenging stereotypes through nuanced semiotic representations of Pak-India relations, identities of Pakistani and Indian people, their willingness to reconcile, and the impact of reconciliation. The study points out that discourse has played role in promoting misconceptions, hostility, and divergence, and discourse can subvert the ideologies and promote reconciliation, stability, and convergence. Using the triadic model of sign consisting of icon, indexical, and symbol, suggested by Peirce (1931-58), combined with the Noldus software to study facial expressions, the study highlights the ‘politics of the representation’ (Hutcheon, 1989, 1991) of reconciliation and Indo-Pak relations in the Google advertisement of reunion (2013). While there is a paucity of the visual discourse of reconciliation between Pakistan and India, the Google ad semiotically represents the themes of memory, reconciliation, post-partition trauma and the wistfulness to stay together authentically, however, this representation has its politics because it conceals the bloodshed, struggle, loss, and violation of human rights spanning over 70 years in India, Pakistan, and especially Kashmir. Results of the NOLDUS Software are indicative of the national traumatic history of India and Pakistan that chronicles the debilitating past since partition. More constructive but authentic portrayals may help build bilateral relations.

Conceptualization in ontology based on Peirce’s triadic model of the sign: a qualitative content analysis

PurposeThis study aims to identify the effective components in object interpretation based on Pierce’s triadic sign model to determine how meaning is created and identify the components affecting conceptualization in ontology.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted, and 6320 comments posted on the Instagram pages of five groups forming the research population were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.FindingsConcepts are dynamic and context-oriented. Over time, a person’s concepts and mental patterns about an object are altered or eliminated. Social, political and economic conditions, governance, technology, interactions, language, environment, culture and social habits contribute to object interpretation and meaning creation.Practical implicationsIn designing ontologies, especially in a context-dependent field, attention should be paid to users’ mental preconceptions, mental patterns, context and personal characteristics. Instead of using words, researchers can use visual and multimedia signs. In addition to logic, statistics and computer science, personal and anthropological characteristics should be considered in the ontology design.Originality/valueThis study dealt with conceptualization, which is a principal component of ontology. Using Pierce’s triadic model sign and unstructured Instagram data, ontology was studied from a user and pragmatic viewpoint, independently of technical aspects.

‘Every Human Interaction Requires a Bit of Give and Take’: Medical Students’ Approaches to Pursuing Feedback in the Clinical Setting

Phenomenon Students, alongside teachers, play a key role in feedback. Student behavior in feedback processes may impact feedback outcomes. Student feedback behavior includes recognizing, seeking, evaluating, and utilizing feedback. Student feedback behavior is influenced by numerous student attributes and environmental factors. Approach We aimed to explore influences on medical student feedback behavior during clinical attachments. We adopted a subjective inductive qualitative approach. We conducted 7 focus groups with 46 medical students undertaking pediatric hospital-based attachments. We based our discussion framework on existing characterizations of student feedback behavior and the educational alliance model with its focus on the relationship between learners and teachers, and the active role played by both. During initial data analysis, we identified that our results exhibited aspects of Bandura’s model of Triadic Reciprocal Causation within Social Cognitive Theory. In line with our subjective inductive approach, we adopted Triadic Reciprocal Causation at this point for further analysis and interpretation. This allowed us to conceptualize the emerging interactions between influences on feedback behavior. Findings We identified three key determinants of student feedback behavior: Environmental influences, Student attributes and Relationships between teachers and students. Environmental influences encompassed factors external to the student, including Teacher attributes and behaviors and The clinical learning context. Through the lens of Triadic Reciprocal Causation, the interrelationships between the determinants of feedback behavior gave rise to five key themes: Interactions between student feedback behavior and environmental influences of the clinical learning context, Interactions between student feedback behavior and environmental influences of teacher attributes and behaviors, Interactions between student attributes and student feedback behavior, Interactions between student attributes and environmental influences of teacher attributes and behaviors, and Relationships and the determinants of student feedback behavior. Insights: We apply the Triadic Reciprocal Causation model of Social Cognitive Theory to understand the influences on student feedback behavior and the interactions between them. We extend the model by situating relationships between students and teachers as a central factor. Future interventions to facilitate students’ role in feedback will need to address student attributes, environmental factors, and student-teacher relationships, appreciating the codependent nature of these influences.

The effects of nalmefene on the impulsive and reflective system in alcohol use disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

RationaleCentral aspects of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are the irresistible desire for alcohol and impaired control over its intake. According to the triadic neurocognitive model of addiction, this arises from aberrant functioning of different neural and cognitive systems: an impulsive system, a reflective system, and the abnormal dynamics between both systems based on an insular-dependent system.ObjectivesIn this study, we examined the effects of a single dose of nalmefene on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns within and between these addiction-related neural systems in AUD.MethodsNon-treatment seeking participants with AUD (N = 17; 19–66 years, 6 female) took part in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study and received either a single dose of 18 mg nalmefene or a placebo. Using seed-based correlation analyses on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we examined the effects of nalmefene on key nodes related to the (1) impulsive system; (2) reflective system; (3) salience network; and (4) default mode network.ResultsUnder nalmefene, participants showed reduced rsFC between components of the impulsive system (Nucleus accumbens–putamen/pallidum/insula). Reduced rsFC was found between elements of the reflective system and impulsive system (orbitofrontal cortex–insula/putamen/pallidum), salience network (orbitofrontal cortex–insula/inferior frontal gyrus), and default mode network (lateral prefrontal cortex–precuneus/cuneus). Components of the salience network showed both increased (anterior cingulate cortex) and decreased (insular cortex) rsFC to elements of the reflective system.ConclusionA single dose of nalmefene impacts rsFC and alters the interaction between key nodes of addiction-related neural systems in non-treatment seeking participants with AUD. Nalmefene may normalize rsFC patterns by weakening the impulsive system while strengthening the reflective system.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02372318.

Resemiotization of Illustrations in Children’s Picture Books Between English and Arabic

Translation is no longer limited to transfer the meaning contained in a language sign; it includes instead the transposition of meaning from one non-verbal sign system into another. Children’s picture books are multimodal texts that include two different semiotic modes; the text itself and the illustrations. The present study aims at investigating the extent to which illustrations (non-verbal signs) in children’s picture books are translatable/resemiotized from English to Arabic and whether this translation/resemiotization process is considered as an intersemiotic translation. To achieve the objectives of this study, Charles Peirce’s theory of signs was adopted. Six examples of illustrations and their Arabic translations were collected from the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. The selected illustrations, their meanings, and their relationships were analyzed using Peirce triadic sign model. The results revealed that illustrations in children’s picture books are translatable to a great extent, their translations are intersemiotic, and that they go through resemiotization process. Because illustrations are non-verbal signs which can be analyzed and broken down into representamens, objects, and interpretants (according to Peirce), thus can be translated into other non-verbal signs in any other language.

The Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic: A Lacanian Reading of Ramita Navai’s City of Lies

Contemporary life writings of Iranian diaspora are often censured for promoting a universalizing, dehumanizing and hegemonic image of the nation. The common misgiving is that the narratives project Iranian women as archetypal victims and their male counterparts as essentially powerful subjects. The present study aims at problematizing this assumption by arguing that Ramita Navai’s City of Lies (2014) portrays an anti-essentialist character sketch of individuals with diverse identities and complex subjectivities. To pursue this line of argument, this article examines the titular characters’ development in the face of the existing tensions between the different psychic and social realities. Lacan’s triadic model of the Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic is used in relation to his notion of the mirror stage to analyze the ways in which the characters traverse between the three orders in the process of forming a sense of selfhood. The notion of selfhood is explored in light of latent desires, anxieties, and the feelings of loss as determining factors behind the psychic development of each character within the prevailing normativities of a heteropatriarchal government. The findings reveal that while Amir, Leyla, Asghar, Bijan, and Farideh find themselves permanently lost in the unconscious tensions between different psychic orders. Dariush, Morteza, and Somayeh break into the Symbolic order and reassert their subjectivity. In this manner, the life writing challenges the grand narratives about Iranians as a homogenous group of people as it offers an equal chance of attaining selfhood and subjectivity to both male and female characters.

The role of semiotics in the unification of langue and parole: anAgentive Cognitive Construction Grammarapproach to English modals

AbstractThis article introducesAgentive Cognitive Construction Grammar, an emerging field that seeks to connect the linguistic system with speaker-meaning. The stated purpose is thus to tackle a pervasive disconnect in both cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, whereby the linguistic system (langue) and speaker selections (parole) are separated in the belief that language is essentially a mental process associated with the brain, and hence, separated from bodily experience. I contend this view by introducing a triadic model of construction (based on the Peircean sign) in which form and function are inextricably bound up withagency. This is possible because language is tethered to senses of movement and balance that connect experiences with the physical world with the mental. A major insight of the paper is that argument structure constructions partake of both linguistic and non-linguistic signs, which provides speakers with a means to verbalize their thoughts and distribute agency in specific events.

The difference mafias make: a triadic model of organized crime in ethnic conflicts

ABSTRACT I propose a Simmelian triadic model of the interrelations between (1) host states, (2) separatist movements, and (3) organized crime. It formalizes three generalizable relational configurations: organized crime as (a) tertius gaudens, (b) mediator and (c) divisor et imperator, with operationalizable features defining the nature of each pair of relationships among the three agents. Using the paired case studies of the Serbia-Kosovo and Georgia-South Ossetia ethnic conflicts from 1989–2012, I illustrate the utility of the conceptual model in explaining divergences in separatist success. The model is argued to be superior to conventional and near-universal dyadic conceptualizations – overt or implicit.

Big data visualization through the lens of Peirce’s visual sign theory

Data from social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, are generated by people who produce, spread, share, or exchange multimedia content. Such content may include text, images, sounds, or videos. To derive insight into the behavior of social media users, researchers often use open-source technologies to visualize data and generate models for data analytics. One of the most popular open-source applications for managing and analyzing social media data is the open-source R programming language. Friedman and Feichtinger (2017) created an R package termed ‘Peirce’s sign theory R package’ to analyze data using Peirce’s principles of discovery. Though Peirce semiotics have been introduced in the context of computer programming languages, so far, no previous work has applied Peirce’s sign theory to data modelling of social media data. In this paper, we use Peirce’s sign theory R package as an overall framework to gain insight into data collected from Twitter. We assembled the data using Twitter’s Analytics algorithm, examined the relationships between variables, and visualized the results. Subsequently, we assessed the feasibility of analyzing those graphics using the triadic model set out by Jappy (2013) and Peirtarinen (2012) for the interpretation of visual signs. The study results showed that Peirce’s sign theory R package effectively analyzes and visualizes Big Data from social media feeds. However, due to complexities in both the social media data feeds and Peirce’s interpretation of meaning, as outlined by Jappy (2013) and Peirtarinen (2012), we were unable to develop algorithms that generate or suggest an interpretation of visual signs.

Divergent thinking of students: categorical and conceptual analysis

Pedagogical aspects of the formation of the interdisciplinary category “divergent thinking” are considered. The purpose of the study is to construct the definition of “divergent thinking of university students” on the basis of the essential and specific characteristics of the named phenomenon, taking into account the criteria of necessity and sufficiency. To achieve a goal, the following methods were used: content analysis of scientific literature, methods of categorical-system methodology: “Two-level triadic decoding of categories”, “Formal-logical method of determining the concept”. The essential characteristics and nature of divergent thinking are identified and described, a two-level triadic model of this category is developed. On the basis of the named model, the definition of the concept of “divergent thinking” is constructed, which, in comparison with other definitions found in the literature, most fully and holistically reflects its key essential characteristics. As a result of the application of the formal-logical method, the definition of “divergent thinking of university students” has been developed, which allows interpreting the named concept and its manifestations from the point of view of personal and creative development of students in the conditions of the educational process of the university. The obtained theoretical results of the analysis of the formation of the category “divergent thinking of students” can be used in the development of technology for the formation and development of this type of thinking of students in the educational process of the university.

On Subjectivity and the Relationship with the Other: Qualitative Results of an Interview‐Study with 50 Young Muslims

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between subjectivity and the other during the course of integration among 50 young Muslims of dual national heritage in Germany. The largest group of migrants within Germany are people of Turkish and Kurdish origin. During the summer and autumn of 2018, we interviewed 50 individuals of both genders aged between 18 and 25. The interviews were carried out and evaluated in North Germany. We saw that the ‘feeling of being held’, ‘being‐able‐to‐process‐(negative)‐experiences’ and ‘to take responsibility for oneself and other’ are characteristics of well‐educated young Muslims. Those who feel at home in their Turkish family or in the Islamic religion are able to process positive and negative experiences and present more (mature) super‐ego structures. This allows them to be able to deal with the challenges of migration and integration. Based on the data, we developed the ‘Triadic Model of Integration’ within the Lacanian L‐Scheme of Subjectivity.

Covert Ideologies and Sign Manipulation: a Functional Semiotic Analysis of Western vs. Arabic News Coverage of New Zealand 2019 Mosque Carnage

The primary concern of this comparative study is to explore sign manipulation in front page photographs and headlines in both Western and Arabic news reports in a humble attempt to determine how visual and verbal signs are purposefully presented to the target audience. The researchers precisely try to scrutinize and analyze covert ideological biases of such news reports not only as expressed verbally but also visually. This study exclusively hinges on the event of the New Zealand Mosque Massacre which took place during Friday Prayers on 15 March 2019 in Christchurch City, where an Australian terrorist opened fire on innocent Muslim worshippers and brutally killed fifty of them. The heinous crime has left the world in a state of mourning and utter shock. Media coverage of this attack overwhelmed the Western and the Arab newspapers as well as social media worldwide. Unfortunately, the Christchurch massacre has not been headlined as a terrorist attack by several Western news reports unlike Arabic ones. The source of the data in question mainly relies on 10 popular newspapers: five Western newspapers and five Arabic ones: Daily Mirror, The New York Times, Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Sun, Addustour, Al-Jazirah, Al-Anba, Al-Quds Al-Arabi and AL-Sharq, respectively. The data represent a random sample, so the content does not necessarily represent attitudes or perspectives of all Western and Arabic newspapers. Following the Peircean semiotic triadic model, this study tries to unveil basic ideological features and manipulative strategies that clearly depict the Australian terrorist in some Western newspapers. In addition, it bluntly and objectively shows covert racial prejudice against Muslims in western newspapers. The findings show the significance of both verbal and visual signs in news story because they enable the reporters to express their perspectives towards major events such as New Zealand mosque carnage more effectively. As a result, the use of visual images in front page headlines does not merely serve to represent the reality of that horrible event in a visual form; rather, it is an essential tool of persuasion and tampering with the public opinion by means of insinuating some seriously embedded ideologies.

The Semiotic Function of a Bridging Representation to Support Students’ Meaning-Making in Solution Chemistry

Many researchers have reported that bridging analogies can productively support students’ scientific meaning-making. How this can be understood semiotically is, however, not well understood. This research followed an ethnographic case study approach to investigate Year 11 students meaning-making through a process of transduction (Kress, 2000; Volkwyn, 2020) across the submicroscopic and symbolic domains of Johnstone’s (1991) chemistry triangle. A “cross-and-portion” (CPO) model was devised as a bridging representation for learning the molar concentration and dilution concepts, informed by Peirce’s triadic model (1931) which relates the meaning of a concept to its representation in a sign, and its referent. The study drew on video capture of the classroom and small group activity, and interviews.The research findings indicated that the CPO model acted as a visualisation tool that facilitated students to link from the submicroscopic to symbolic domains of Johnstone’s triangle. A recursive model of meaning-making was formulated to describe how bridging representations are re-purposed to occupy shifting positions in Peirce’s triad to enable meaning through the system of interpretance. Students constructed, critiqued and transducted across multiple, multimodal representations to achieve discursive fluency across the dimensions of Johnstone’s triangle. The recursive model provides a fresh perspective on how students coordinate multimodal representations to learn science/chemistry.

An Externalist Theory of Social Understanding: Interaction, Psychological Models, and the Frame Problem

I put forward an externalist theory of social understanding. On this view, psychological sense making takes place in environments that contain both agent and interpreter. The spatial structure of such environments is social, in the sense that its occupants locate its objects by an exercise in triangulation relative to each of their standpoints. This triangulation is achieved in intersubjective interaction and gives rise to a triadic model of the social mind. This model can then be used to make sense of others’ observed actions. Its possession plays a vital role in the development of the capacity for false belief reasoning. The view offers an integrated account of the development of social cognition from primary intersubjectivity to level-2 perspective taking. It incorporates insights from interactionism and mindreading theories of social cognition and thus offers a way out of the stalemate between defenders of the two views. Because psychological sense making is perspectival, the frame problem does not arise for social reasoners: the perspective they bring to bear on the action that is to be interpreted constrains the information they can select to make sense of what others do.