Changing Trends Research Articles

A real-world battery state of charge prediction method based on a lightweight mixer architecture

This paper proposes a lightweight model based on the improved Mixer architecture—TrendFlow-Mixer, designed for efficient prediction of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries. SOC accuracy is crucial for the safe operation, usage, and maintenance of power batteries. When predicting the SOC of real-world batteries, the algorithm's generalization, robustness, and computational efficiency across different battery types must be considered. To this end, TrendFlow-Mixer introduces targeted improvements to battery characteristics, significantly alleviating the Mixer architecture's lag in SOC prediction. The model's core structure integrates the Fast Fourier Transform and arrangement transformation convolutional structures. This allows for efficient extraction of domain-specific spatial features and enables cross-channel correlation interactions. This reduces the model's parameter size while enhancing its adaptability to new domains. The model quickly captures data trend changes and identifies data flow patterns, improving computational efficiency by 70 % compared to Transformer-based architectures. TrendFlow-Mixer employs a dual-prediction head, combining rapid feature change analysis with a nonlinear prediction output to generate SOC predictions. This design facilitates fine-tuning of the model's structure and parameters while enhancing overall flexibility. Experimental results show that in a laboratory dynamic condition dataset, the model achieves a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.11 %, with the maximum prediction error under extreme temperatures controlled within 4.66 %. In validation using real-world data from the BMW i3, the mean absolute percentage error remains around 1 %, with a minimum MAE of 0.465 %. The results demonstrate that TrendFlow-Mixer possesses high computational efficiency, excellent generalization, and adaptability, effectively predicting SOC trends.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BACKPROPAGATION AND HYBRID ARIMA-NN METHODS IN PREDICTING ACCURACY LEVELS OF RAINFALL IN MAKASSAR CITY

Hybrid ARIMA-NN is a combined approach of the ARIMA model used to capture linear patterns in time series data and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to handle non-linear and stochastic patterns. Using a gradient descent algorithm, backpropagation adjusts synaptic weights based on the error between the network's prediction and actual training data values. In this study, a comparison was made between the Backpropagation method and Hybrid ARIMA-NN in forecasting rainfall in Makassar City. Rainfall data in Makassar City uses data from the rainfall measuring station at the Paotere Maritime Meteorological Station in Makassar. The activation functions used are ReLU and Leaky ReLU with epoch parameters set at 350, and learning rates of 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001. The two best methods selected for further evaluation are Backpropagation with architecture 12-32-16-8-1 and Hybrid ARIMA-NN (ARIMA [4,0,1]-NN 12-256-128-64-1). The ARIMA model (4,0,1) with AIC values of 1303.4 and RMSE 162,369 is the best compared to other models, which aligns with the advantages of backpropagation architecture. The results showed that the Backpropagation method excelled with an RMSE value of 137.320 or 0.1149, indicating high accuracy in forecasting changes in seasonal trends and patterns. Hybrid ARIMA-NN gives good results with RMSE 145.834, as residues contain better nonlinearity compared to ARIMA models (4,0,1), although it shows a slightly higher error rate compared to Backpropagation.

Recent trends and disparities in screen-based sedentary behavior and physical activity among U.S. overweight youth, 2018–2022

BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are crucial factors influencing health outcomes in overweight children and adolescents. However, recent changes in SB and PA trends among U.S. overweight youth have not been well described, limiting the development of evidence-based clinical and public health interventions. MethodsSerial, cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) on U.S. overweight youth aged 6–17 years, spanning from 2018 to 2022. Linear regression models were employed to analyze time trends, with survey year as the exposure and recreational screen time (ST), adherence to the ≤2 h/day ST guideline, and adherence to the ≥1 h/day PA guideline as the outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regressions were used to evaluate trends, adjusting for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, and the highest education level of primary caregivers. ResultsData from 11,865 individuals (mean age 12.3 years [SD 2.9]; 6417 [52.3 %] girls) were analyzed. From 2018 to 2022, the average ST duration among overweight youth increased from 3.7 h to 4.1 h per day, a statistically significant increase (p = 0.07). The estimated prevalence of overweight youth meeting the ≤2 h/day ST guideline decreased from 44.6 % to 30.0 % (p = 0.007). Additionally, the prevalence of meeting the ≥1 h/day PA guideline remained low and stable, ranging from 8.4 % to 12.3 % during the analysis period (p = 0.6). DiscussionIn this nationally representative sample of U.S. overweight youth, ST increased by nearly 0.4 h/day over the five-year observation period, while adherence to the ≤2 h/day ST guideline decreased. Adherence to the ≥1 h/day PA guideline remained consistently low. These patterns were consistent across sociodemographic subgroups (age group, sex, ethnicity, and household income). These findings underscore the need for enhanced public health initiatives targeting U.S. youth to reduce recreational screen time and promote a physically active lifestyle.

DINÁMICA Y VULNERABILIDAD ECOLÓGICA DE LA RESERVA ESTATAL SIERRA DEL TENTZO, MÉXICO

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Knowledge and evaluation of ecological changes in Protected Natural Areas is important for their planning and management. The use of tools such as land use change prediction models and satellite image analysis are low-cost and high-precision alternatives that can contribute to this purpose. <strong>Objective:</strong> Estimate the trend of land use change and vulnerability of the ecosystems of the Sierra del Tentzo State Reserve (REST), Mexico. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The REST sites with the highest probability of change in their ecosystems were identified according to phases of the adaptive cycles of the Panarchy theory; the use of Landsat images to classify land use and vegetation types, and the identification of areas of greatest vulnerability with a Markov chain model. <strong>Results:</strong> The trend of change from a state of conservation to a state of growth predominates in the reserve, which indicates a deterioration of the ecosystems with primary vegetation that are being transformed into grasslands and crop areas. While, in the future projection, the areas with greater ecological vulnerability are grouped in a pattern associated with human settlements in population centers. <strong>Implications:</strong> The study was on a regional scale, so changes and vulnerability at the local level were not explored. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the Sierra del Tentzo State Reserve there is a process of ecosystem degradation and some areas, particularly those most susceptible to human activities, are more vulnerable to this degradation. These areas should be considered in the reserve management program as priority attention.</p>

Estimating Asymmetric Fuel Price Responses in Croatia

Abstract Background According to many studies, the transmission of oil prices to retail fuel prices is asymmetric. Fuel prices react faster if oil prices rise and more slowly if oil prices fall. Different standard econometric procedures lead to different results. The Linex approach, which is based on formulating the non-linear adjustment cost function, reflects the theory. It uses the generalised method of moments to estimate the reaction functions, which demands many observations. Objectives The paper investigates the price asymmetry in the Croatian retail fuel market using standard approaches and the Linex approach. Methods/Approach The simple and dynamic asymmetry models, error correction models, threshold autoregressive co-integration, and the Linex approach are used to verify the hypothesis of asymmetric reactions of gasoline and diesel prices in Croatia. Results The results using the standard methods are mixed, while the Linex approach indicates price asymmetry, the size of which is measured with the average price bias. The results correspond to other studies worldwide. Conclusions The authors' preferred Linex approach detects price asymmetries, even with large data samples with frequent changes in trends and volatilities. According to the approach, the question is not whether prices are formed asymmetrically but the size of the asymmetry.

Antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant diseases in real clinical practice (according to the National Registry of Arterial Hypertension, 2019-2022)

Arterial hypertension (AH) remains the leading risk factor associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. About 70% of patients with AH who are on monotherapy cannot achieve blood pressure (BP) targets, and therefore all quidelines for the management of AH have recently recommended prescribing combination therapy (PCT). In real clinical practice (RCP), there remains significant uncertainty in the effectiveness and rationality of therapy, despite the wide availability of antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and the presence of recommendations for a stepwise approach to prescribing combinations of specific groups of AHD in different clinical situations. Analyze the real ongoing antihypertensive therapy, including the PCT; international nonproprietary names of drugs and their dosages in RCP; compliance of therapy with clinical recommendations; changing trends in the PCT. An analysis was carried out of the data from the register of AH, the compliance of treatment in different clinical groups of patients and the achievement of BP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in the sample of 2019-2022 (n=5012). The prescription of AHD and achievement of targets values were assessed in accordance with current clinical guidelines for the management of AH and hypercholesterolemia. Data from 2010 (n=7782) and 2020 (n=3061) were analyzed to assess the dynamics of prescription of monotherapy and PCT. The greatest increase in the number of AHD was observed in patients with hypertension in combination with coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. In a small group of patients with hypertension without other CVDs, the recommended combinations of AHD were not prescribed; preference was given to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and β-adrenoblocker (β-AB). PCT mainly differed from the recommended combinations by the wider use of drugs from the β-AB group. The PCT of recommended drugs was highest in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease - more than 90%, hypertension and heart failure in 56.2%, hypertension and atrial fibrillation - 33.3%, hypertension and chronic kidney desease - 19.6%. Achievement of BP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets was insufficient in all analyzed groups. Among the international nonproprietary names of drugs, the most frequently prescribed are the following: bisoprolol, metoprolol, lisinopril, perindopril, losartan, spironolactone, amlodipine, torasemide, indapamide, hypochlorothiazide, moxonidine. The prescribed daily dosages were closer to the initial recommended ones. By 2020, the prescription of PCT with β-AB and a more uniform prescription of various combinations will come to the fore, while PCT in 2010 is characterized by the presence of one or two leaders combinations. The described features of prescribing AHD partially reproduce clinical recommendations for the management of AH. Differences in therapy provided in RCP may be associated with an attempt to intensify the treatment of hypertension in patients with other concomitant CVDs. At the same time, analysis of combinations and dosages of prescribed drugs suggests the presence of wide opportunities for further escalation of therapy. The presented data can provide insight into current patterns of antihypertensive therapy prescription in patients in RCP and lay the foundation for optimizing therapy in different categories hypertensive patients.

Dynamic tensile characteristics of an artificial porous granite under various water saturation levels

Underground rocks are generally subjected to water erosion and dynamic disturbances. To exclude the effect of clay minerals on the water–rock interaction mechanism, clay-free artificial porous rock (APR) was used to investigate the coupling effect of water saturation and loading rate on tensile behavior. Dynamic Brazilian disc experiments were performed on APR with six water saturation levels (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 0%) using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) combined with a high-speed camera. The results indicated that the number of cracks in the APR specimens increased with the water saturation level during the dynamic damage process, with more radial cracks at the water saturation of 80–100%. The dynamic tensile strength (DTS) and dissipated energy density exhibited different change trends with water saturation levels under different loading rates and the rate dependence was most significant in the fully saturated state (100%). At lower loading rates, DTS initially decreased rapidly and then more slowly with increasing water saturation. At higher loading rates, DTS exhibited a ‘decrease then increase’ trend. Moreover, the water-affecting factor exhibited an overall decreasing trend with the loading rate and gradually converged to 1.0. These phenomena can be attributed to the interplay between the weakening and strengthening water-effect mechanisms based on the microstructure and water distribution in the APR specimens.

The cardiovascular disease burden attributable to kidney dysfunction from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study.

Kidney dysfunction (KD) poses a severe threat to human health. The aim of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden attributable to KD, thereby providing a theoretical basis for relevant public health policies. This study analyzed trends in the burden of CVD attributable to KD using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease data. It also examined the differences in mortality rates across various age groups, genders, and subtypes of CVD. Additionally, the age-period-cohort model combined with joinpoint regression analysis was employed to gain further insights into the changing trends and inflection points of CVD-related mortality. In 2021, the global number of deaths from CVD attributable to KD significantly increased compared to 1990. However, the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased in 2021. The burden of CVD due to KD was particularly heavy among the elderly. Analysis using the age-period-cohort model revealed a decline in CVD-related mortality rates, with similar trends observed for both men and women. This study reveals that although the ASMR for CVD due to KD is on a declining trend globally, the absolute number of deaths has significantly increased. This trend is especially pronounced among individuals aged 80 and older, males, and regions with a middle socio-demographic index (SDI). In the context of global aging, the burden of CVD related to KD is becoming increasingly substantial.

Intercomparison of gross primary productivity in spatio-temporal distribution over a typical tropical region based on different datasets.

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) plays a vital role in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. For the purpose of assessing the performance of various GPP products in a typical tropical area, this study conducted an intercomparison of seven different GPP products over Hainan Island, China, and analyzed spatiotemporal characteristics of GPP in different elevation regions and vegetation types over study area. The results showed that although the GPP spatial distribution pattern over Hainan Island, as presented by different GPP products, is similar- showing that GPP values in the southwest are higher than those in the northeast- there are significant differences in the spatial distributions and magnitudes of each GPP product. The multi-annual mean GPP values from the seven GPP products exhibited similar temporal variation trends, with GOSIF being obviously higher than other GPP products. The GPP products indicated significant differences in different elevation and vegetation type groups. The GPP gap between GLASS AVHRR and BESS V2 decreases slightly with the increase in elevation. Most GPP products show a consistent change trend over time. There were also significant differences in the results of significance tests for the change trends of GPP products. Though GOSIF is significantly higher than other GPP products, it demonstrated a relatively high correlation with all GPP products, while AGPP exhibited relatively low correlations with all GPP products. The quantitatively comparative analysis of seven different GPP products in this study is valuable for improving GPP retrieval models and can also serve as a scientific reference for the application of GPP products in tropical region vegetation studies.

Locally acquired malaria: a retrospective analysis of long-term surveillance data, European France, 1995 to 2022.

BackgroundIn European France, the bulk of malaria cases are travel-related, and only locally acquired cases are notifiable to assess any risk of re-emergence.AimsWe aimed to contribute to assessing the health impact of locally acquired malaria and the potential of malaria re-emergence in European France by documenting modes of transmission of locally acquired malaria, the Plasmodium species involved and their incidence trends.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed surveillance and case investigation data on locally acquired malaria from 1995 to 2022. We classified cases by most likely mode of transmission using a classification derived from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify spatial and temporal patterns of cases.ResultsFrom 1995 to 2022, European France reported 117 locally acquired malaria cases, mostly due to Plasmodium falciparum (88%) and reported in Île-de-France (54%), Paris Region. Cases were classified as Odyssean malaria (n = 51), induced malaria (n = 36), cryptic malaria (n = 27) and introduced malaria (n = 3). Among the 117 patients, 102 (93%) were hospitalised, 24 (22%) had severe malaria and seven (7%) died.ConclusionLocally acquired malaria remains infrequent in European France, with four reported cases per year since 1995. However, with the recent increasing trend in Odyssean malaria and climate change, the risk of re-emergence in non-endemic countries should be monitored, particularly in areas with autochthonous competent vectors. The vital risk of delayed diagnosis should make physicians consider locally acquired malaria in all patients with unexplained fever, especially when thrombocytopenia is present, even without travel history.

How environmental data enables intelligent navigation: Factors assessment of affecting the navigation in the Northeast Arctic Route

Due to the more favorable navigational environment and higher safety along Northeast Arctic Route, this route is being used more and more frequently for international shipping. In this research, the factor analysis method is applied to assess the navigational environment of each sea area in the Northeast Arctic Route, revealing the effects of Arctic navigation influence factor on the navigational environment, and analyzing the change trend of the navigational environment of different sea areas in different seasons. Further, the effects of multiple factors on the number of voyages are discussed through multiple stepwise regression model, including the navigational environment score, geopolitical risk, export & import trade and the probability of pollution accidents, then the Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) method combined with seasonal decomposition is explored the effect of emergencies on the number of voyages on the Northeast Arctic Route. The number of voyages on the Northeast Arctic Route has been altered to varying degrees by the occurrence of various emergencies. Further, the Yamal LNG project and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict have a significant effect on the number of voyages, while the Covid-19 epidemic has a lesser effect on the number of voyages.

A Review of CiteSpace Visualisation and Analysis of High-Temperature Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Fields

With the increasing global energy demand, the exploitation depth of oil and gas fields is gradually increasing. At the same time, importing many high-acid crude oil makes it increasingly heavy and inferior, and its acid value is constantly improving. This change has led to the increasingly severe corrosion problem of oil and gas field equipment, which has become an essential factor affecting the national economy and society's sustainable development. As an economical and practical anticorrosion measure, corrosion inhibitors play a crucial role in the anticorrosion of oil and gas field equipment. Through the research method of biorientation, retrieve the Web of Science database in 2008-2024 about oil and gas field high-temperature corrosion inhibitor research literature information, using CiteSpace measurement analysis software visual analysis in the literature keywords, publications, high citation frequency, cooperation and word clustering information change trend, analyze the research situation of oil and gas field in recent years, summarizes the research hotspot of oil field high-temperature corrosion inhibitor, prominent authors and institutions, reference relationship and development trend. The number of documents on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields is smaller, and the authors, institutions, and countries are not closely related. There is less research cooperation on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields, and more independent studies exist. China University of Petroleum has the first number of publications, and China is the country with the first number of publications. The study of mass spectrometry for corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas fields is prominent, while the literature on high-temperature corrosion inhibitors is rare.

Investigating electronic, linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of Cr-Substituted ZnS materials

The electronic, linear, and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of the Cr-substituted ZnS (ZnCrS) materials are reported within density functional theory (DFT) by using the mBJ potential. The results showed a cubic symmetry with a lattice constant decreasing as the Cr concentration increased, but the bulk modulus showed the opposite tendency. ZnS is a direct wide bandgap semiconductor; however, incorporating 75 % Cr in the ZnCrS materials causes a change in electronic bandgap nature. This change occurs due to Cr-induced defects and structural modifications, leading to new electronic transitions yielding novel optical features. The electronic and optical bandgap energy decreases with Cr content, depicting CrS as a semi-metallic material with significant light absorbance in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths accompanying the enhancement of the NLO response. It is noticed that a decrease in Εopt significantly impacted the NLO response, resulting in a significant change in the value of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) from 5.862 × 10−11 to 2.074 × 10−9 esu. The NLO refractive index (n2) also follows the same changing trend, varying from 5.113 × 10−11 to 1.735 × 10−8 esu. This Cr-induced nonlinearity depicts strong polarizability and these materials can be significantly employed in near-infrared activated nanophotonic, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic devices.

In situ generation of cuprous oxide in metal-organic framework for significantly enhanced room-temperature ammonia sensing: Synergy enabling excellent sensitivity and selectivity

Development of effective strategies to improve the response sensitivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to target gases is imperative to further enhancing their application potential in gas sensing. In this work, series of CuHHTP/Cu2O (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) composites are successfully constructed by in-situ electrochemical reduction treatment of CuHHTP, and the changing trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increase of CuHHTP electrochemical reduction degree for their sensitivity to NH3 detection is revealed. When the average size of Cu2O nanoparticles generated in CuHHTP is 3.6 nm, the corresponding CuHHTP/Cu2O-A composite exhibits the best NH3 sensing performance compared to pristine CuHHTP, including significantly enhanced response sensitivity, ultralow experimental detection limit of 10 ppb, superior selectivity, good reproducibility, and excellent response stability even after placed for 90 days. More impressively, thanks to integration and synergy of the uniformly-dispersed small-sized Cu2O nanoparticles with significantly enhanced adsorption activity and capacity for NH3, the released large amount of uncoordinated hydroxyl groups that can interact with NH3, as well as the active sites of the CuHHTP substrate itself, the 10 ppb experimental detection limit for the CuHHTP/Cu2O-A-based sensors is not only the lowest one reported in the past 10 years for NH3 sensors based on copper-containing MOF and oxide materials, but also superior to that of 0.1–1 ppm for the existing commercial NH3 sensors. This work opens the avenue for design and development of novel MOF-based sensing materials.

Natural sinks and sources of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in the atmosphere of Russian regions and their contribution to climate change in the 21st century evaluated with CMIP6 model ensemble

The natural fluxes of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere from the territory of Russia in the 21st century have been analyzed using the results of calculations with the ensemble of global climate models of the international project CMIP6. Estimates of natural CO2 fluxes in Russian regions differ greatly for different models. Their values for the beginning of the 21st century range from –1 to 1 GtC/yr. In the 21st century the differences in model estimates of fluxes grow and at the end of the 21st century in the scenario with the largest anthropogenic impacts SSP5-8.5 range from –2.5 to 2.5 GtC/year. Estimates of natural methane emissions to the atmosphere from the territory of Russia also differ greatly for different models. Modern methane emissions are estimated in the range from 10 to 35 MtCH4/yr, with an increase in the 21st century of up to 300%. Ensemble model calculations show general trends for changes in natural greenhouse gas fluxes. Most CMIP6 ensemble models are characterized by a maximum of CO2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems and its further reduction by the end of the 21st century, while natural methane emissions to the atmosphere for all models and scenarios of anthropogenic impacts grow throughout the 21st century. The cumulative temperature potential of natural CO2 fluxes on the territory of Russia in the 21st century is estimated, depending on the scenario of anthropogenic impacts, from –0.3 to 0.1 K, and the warming-accelerating impact of natural CH4 emissions is estimated in the range of 0.03-0.09 K.

Crude oil price behavior and the adoption of sustainable measures in companies before and after COVID-19

The objectives achieved in the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels have caused, in recent years, a growing importance on sustainability in companies in order to reduce Environmental, social and economic impacts. This study is focused on understanding how the variation in West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices affects the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, and therefore the companies included in it, and vice versa. The research aims to examine the statistical properties of both indices, using fractional integration methods, the fractional cointegration vector autoregressive (FCVAR) approach and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique. The results warn of a change in trend, with the application of extraordinary measures being necessary to return to the original trend, while the analysis of cointegration and wavelet analysis measures reflect that an increase in those adopted based on sustainability by the different companies that make up the index imply a drop in the price of crude oil.

Identification of the effects of hypoxia on the liver tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

BackgroundHypoxia stress resulted in mortality during the fish aquaculture program, affecting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. The Egyptian strain of O. niloticus showed a strong ability to hypoxia. In this study, a Nile tilapia strain that was kept and selected for 45 years by the author’s team was used to elucidate the mechanism of the hypoxia response in the liver, including the identification of metabolic pathways and genes, involved in the hypoxia response of this strain.ResultsThe effects of hypoxia stress were detected at 0-hour, 6-hour, and 72-hour time points (0 h, 6 h, 72 h) on tilapia liver at 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen conditions. The blood triglyceride, blood glucose and cholesterol values exhibited significantly different change trends, but the hemoglobin content showed no significant differences between 0 h, 6 h and 72 h (P > 0.05). The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the liver tissue gradually increased at 0 h, 6 h and 72 h (P < 0.05). Histological analyses revealed structural changes in intracellular lipid droplets, nuclear migration and dissolution, and cell vacuolization in liver tissues. Six pathways were identified as the main enriched metabolic pathways according to the transcriptome profiling analysis, which were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, steroid biosynthesis, peroxisome, PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and Insulin signaling pathway. The expressions of the important differentially expressed genes were verified by qPCR analysis, including erola, LOC100692144, sqle, cratb, pipox, cpt1a2b, hik and acss2l, ehhadh, prkcz, fasn and plaa, which showed the same expressions trends as those of RNA-Seq.ConclusionsThe Nile tilapia strain improves the abilities of hypoxia response through energy metabolism. Antioxidant enzyme measurements in the liver indicate that these five antioxidant enzymes play important roles in protecting the body from hypoxic damage. The histological changes in liver cells indicate that the damage caused by hypoxia stress. The immune-related metabolic pathways and energy metabolism-related pathways were obtained by transcriptome profiling, and these metabolic pathways and the differentially expressed genes selected from these metabolic pathways may be involved in the mechanism of hypoxia tolerance in this strain. These findings provide a better understanding of the hypoxia response mechanism of fish, and represent a useful resource for the genetic breeding of O. niloticus.

The global death and disability burden associated with a high BMI in children and adolescents, 1990-2019.

Exploring changing trends in the burden caused by overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2019. The annual number and rate of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with a high BMI among children and adolescents at global, regional, and national levels by age groups, sexes, and the sociodemographic index from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the GBD study 2019. Change percentage for number, and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for rate were calculated to determine the temporal trends. From 1990 to 2019, global high BMI-related deaths decreased by 34% but DALYs increased by 48%. Death rates in females were higher than in males, although both showed decreasing trends. For the rate of DALYs, both sexes showed increasing trends, but since 1999, the rate in males has surpassed that in females. A high BMI had the greatest impact on children under 5 years of age, and the burden in other age groups continued to increase. Regionally, High-income Asia Pacific experienced the fastest decrease in death rate (EAPC=-9.57), and East Asia saw the fastest increase in the DALYs rate (EAPC= 3.47). Globally, as age increases, the proportion of disease burden attributed to a high BMI in females generally increases. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to improve efforts to prevent children and adolescents becoming overweight and obese.

Comparison of Shoreline Change from High Resolution Aerial and Satellite Imagery: A South Carolina Case Study

Coastal shorelines are complex and valuable environments that are ever changing. Remote sensing technologies such as satellites and aerial imaging sensors provide an aerial perspective for mapping and analyzing shoreline change. This study aims to compare two accessible and widely used remote sensing data sources- MAXAR WorldView 2 satellite (WV2) and National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery, while also identifying shoreline change trends adjacent to North Inlet, South Carolina. We found that the NAIP and WV2 imagery were very similar in their ability to provide a reliable backdrop for digitizing shoreline data, albeit with differing costs and temporal considerations. In the case study application of using the imagery to detect shoreline change at North inlet over a 12-year period, we found that the three northern regions of the study area experienced overall average erosional impacts of −2.1 m, −4.5 m, and −11.3 m per year. The southernmost region experienced an overall average accretional rate of + 10.6 m. These changes were like a few nearby inlet-adjacent shoreline change studies and are considered to be caused by storm and tidal events, natural sediment drift, and other the dynamic influences of the inlet.

AWDP-FL: An Adaptive Differential Privacy Federated Learning Framework

Data security and user privacy concerns are receiving increasing attention. Federated learning models based on differential privacy offer a distributed machine learning framework that protects data privacy. However, the noise introduced by the differential privacy mechanism may affect the model’s usability, especially when reasonable gradient clipping is absent. Fluctuations in the gradients can lead to issues like gradient explosion, compromising training stability and potentially leaking privacy. Therefore, gradient clipping has become a crucial method for protecting both model performance and data privacy. To balance privacy protection and model performance, we propose the Adaptive Weight-Based Differential Privacy Federated Learning (AWDP-FL) framework, which processes model gradient parameters at the neural network layer level. First, by designing and recording the change trends of two-layer historical gradient sequences, we analyze and predict gradient variations in the current iteration and calculate the corresponding weight values. Then, based on these weights, we perform adaptive gradient clipping for each data point in each training batch, which is followed by gradient momentum updates based on the third moment. Before uploading the parameters, Gaussian noise is added to protect privacy while maintaining model accuracy. Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this framework under strong privacy constraints.