Western Trends Research Articles

ETHNOCULTURAL STUDIES OF ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA

The article presents an overview of the ethnocultural plane of the phenomenon of orthorexia nervosa ON (as a pathological obsession with healthy nutrition). The aim of the article is to make a meta-analysis of ON studies in different countries of the world and to create it’s causal model on the Ukrainian sample. The Western trend towards a healthy lifestyle (healthism) and healthy eating attracts the attention of researchers in other cultures. Modern studies of orthorexia nervosa on samples in China, India, Turkey and other countries of the East and Asia emphasize that orthorexia nervosa is diagnosed there as well. Deepening cultural studies of ON is a necessary direction. The study of orthorexia nervosa on the Ukrainian sample presented in the article at the beginning of 2024 showed the presence of orthorexia nervosa in most of the sample (using ORTO-15). In addition, the sample (77 respondents) was segmented by types of nutrition (vegetarianism, intermittent fasting, proper nutrition, intuitive nutrition, and others), and the average value of orthorexia was estimated in each subsample. This made it possible to establish the presence of ON in all subsamples, except for respondents who preferred the use of drugs for weight loss. The article analyzes the influence of socio-demographic factors on ON, from which the most influential ones are selected by structural equation modeling (SEM) method. A causal model of the relationship between various factors and orthorexia was created (an assessment of its quality and an interpretation of the parameters as well). The causal model confirmed that the type of diet and orthorexia have almost a quarter of the common variance, and women are also more likely to have this diagnosis. Attitudes toward food (e.g., food is pleasure; "fuel" for the body; a tool for maintaining beauty and health; or other) are correlated 15% with type of diet. The presence of the experience of experiencing ED in the past is almost a quarter interrelated with the attitude towards food.

In the Chinese art market, the 1980s were a turning point between the past and the future

China’s art market has evolved through several stages of development, with its structure and operations reflecting the distinct features that are intimately linked to the country’s political system, social environment, and economic growth. The 1980s are used as the context for the development of the art market after the People’s Republic of China was founded to explore the uniqueness of this period and its influence on subsequent generations. This paper examines the development of the art market during the 1980s, analyzing its constituent elements, operating mechanisms, contemporary characteristics, and relevant policies and regulations. During this period, Chinese society underwent a transitional phase, reflected in the art market’s synchronicity and lag. The art market’s transformation was driven by social transformation, gradually inclining toward Western trends by the 1990s. One may argue that the 1980s marked the final phase of the Chinese art market before undergoing a transformative shift, characterized by a connection between the preceding and succeeding periods.

Overhead modernity: airplanes, skywriting, and heterotopia in the sky

Screenology, or Media Archaeology of the Screen, has occupied me for over twenty years. I am more and more convinced that its investigations must be taken far back in time and also beyond the Western world. Media screens can be understood as dedicated artifacts that are distinct from the forms and contents that keep appearing on them. In brief, they are interfaces that connect the close and the remote, the present and the absent, the material and the discursive. To understand their genealogy from extended spatiotemporal perspectives, it is important to pay attention to “screen-like” things that may not even have been called “screens”, “écrans” or “Leinwands” by their creators and users. One example of such screen-like objects that commands attention are the “screens” produced in East-Asian cultures like Japan and China since times immemorial. They have specific histories, interconnections, forms, iconographies and uses. Although such objects do not seem to match the later Western idea of media screens (their decorations and the pictures they carry are permanent), they deserve attention from a screenological perspective not only as what they are, but also because they became integrated into the cultural, political and economic processes that brought different parts of the world together. We can talk about “traffic in screens”, which has become an extensive phenomenon. Oriental “screens” were transported to different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. They became submitted to cultural trends and were given signification by the receiving cultures. Obvious examples are the Western trends Chinoiserie and Japonisme, which saw these “screens” in very different ways compared with those who had conceived and produced them. Western “Orientalist” (E. Said) interpretations influenced how these objects were seen in the environments where they had been produced. In this paper, I will suggest that making sense of such cross-cultural exchanges will add important insights to our efforts to understand the formative developments of media screens from perspectives that go beyond Western views and ideological formations.

SPECIFICS OF TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN POLITICAL CULTURE OF YOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article considers the specifics and actual problems of modern polit-ical culture of youth of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that in the post-Soviet period, young people’s value orientations underwent changes due to the political reforms which led to negative consequences. For example, the increasing role of western trends in youth culture aroused a number of destruc-tive directions. Today, our state is experiencing a historical moment of rethink-ing of its own ideology, in this connection, in our opinion, it is necessary to identify the specifics of functioning of the political culture of the Russian youth. The study considers the domestic and Chinese experience of state or-ganization of the political culture of youth.

A New Element in Interior Decoration in 18th and 19th Century Ottoman Mansions: Istanbul Panoramas of Kalemişi as Wall Paintings

With the start of the Period of Westernization in Ottoman architecture at the beginning of the 18th century, not only palaces and shoreside residences of the sultans, but also kiosks (köşk), mansions (konak), summer pavilions (kasır), and other civil structures such as waterfront residences (yalı) came under the influence of European styles in interior decoration. A significant movement in civil architecture began in this period and it was first the Baroque, Rocaille and Empire styles that made their imprint on Ottoman structures, followed subsequently by other Western trends. A new element that appeared in the program of westernization in architecture that was applied to palaces, shoreside residences of the sultan, kiosks, pavilions and yalı’s was kalemişi wall paintings. The subjects of this decorative artwork, most of which was created by foreign architects, were landscapes and urban panoramas rather than geometric or floral decorations. The city panoramas mostly depicted Istanbul, the capital of both Anatolia and the Balkans. The aim of this article is to introduce examples of structures of Ottoman residential architecture that began, as from the second half of the 18th century, to boast of kalemişi wall paintings and to demonstrate how those depicting urban panoramas were primarily devoted to Istanbul and embodied a reflection of the influence these paintings had on the westernization movement.

Clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon (based on materials from modern China)

The object of the study is clothing as a sociocultural phenomenon, a product of material and spiritual cultures. The evolution of clothing is closely related to sociocultural changes in society. The subject of the study is the transformation of clothing in China under the influence of political, economic, social, and aesthetic factors after the beginning of Chinese economic reform and opening up policy. The significant changes have taken place in Chinese clothing, the main of which was the transition from a uniform style of clothing for the whole country to a variety of fashion and styles, as well as the revival of traditional clothing. The transformation in the style and production cycle of clothing in China is based on objective (technology development, market laws, global fashion trends) and subjective reasons (psychology, personal preferences and aesthetic tastes of consumers). There is always a concept behind the behavior in clothes, and the desire for beauty is the main driving force behind the development of clothing. The social psychology of imitation and difference contributes to the spread of fashion trends in clothing. The author's special contribution to the topic is a detailed examination of the impact on the transformation of clothing of political, economic, sociocultural, aesthetic factors, as well as cultural exchanges and folk traditions. The author traces the sequence of fashion trends in China in recent decades. Сontemporary changes in Chinese clothing culture are not limited to simply borrowing Western trends, but are accompanied by the emergence of postmodern ideas and the promotion of the globalization process, which leads not only to the technological and design enrichment of clothing characteristics in China, but also to the growth of cultural awareness and the revivalization of traditional and local cultures.

Why women on corporate boards are more than just tokens: an Indian perspective

PurposeSituated in the context of India, where women’s representation on corporate boards remains low, this study aims to explore whether and how tokenism impacts the behaviours of female directors.Design/methodology/approachThe boardroom experiences and perceptions of 14 women directors are explored through semi-structured interviews and analysed using an inductive and interpretive process. Also, to get a counter perspective and avoid the social desirability bias from the women participants’ responses, 16 men directors are interviewed.FindingsThe study finds that, as gender minorities, women directors' visibility on boards can create performance pressures on these women. To counter gender-based prejudices, women directors consciously alter their behaviours and project both male and female traits consistent with the director role. By doing so, women directors overcome tokenistic stereotypes and are accepted as part of the director in-group, irrespective of their numeric representation on the board.Practical implicationsThe research has implications for governments attempting to increase women’s board presence through affirmative actions and for firms aiming to improve the gender diversity of their board composition.Originality/valueThese findings present an alternative perspective on women directors’ board behaviour by exploring the applicability of Western trends on tokenism and critical mass in the context of India, adding to the vast body of literature concerned with minorities on corporate boards.

Experience in implementing the ecological concept of CSR (On the example of ukrainian fashion brands)

Experience in implementing the ecological concept of CSR (On the example of ukrainian fashion brands)

Ecological thinking in regenerative architecture: Relevance of abduction in ecoLogic Studio’s Deep Green research project

This article explores the connotations of regenerative architecture in the context of the Anthropocene, emphasizing the role of abduction on human cognition and its potential impact on innovation, especially when applied to a bio-cybernetic design method. The DeepGreen research project, developed by ecoLogicStudio in collaboration with the University of Innsbruck and the Bartlett UCL, serves as an exemplification of this method. The project combines biological and artificial intelligence to create an urban ecological infrastructure that integrates architectural and ecological systems. Centering on the DeepGreen project, this study discusses the creative potential and ecological embodiment of bio-cybernetic design protocols. It focuses on the mechanism of abduction in triggering innovative design solutions from a logical perspective, aligning with the principles of mind ecology at a cognitive level. The analysis suggests an innovative and ecological design thinking mode, asserting that regenerative architecture can encompass not only material aspects but also informational and spiritual dimensions. This approach ultimately promotes a holistic and harmonious urban environment. Furthermore, this research posits that the bio-cybernetic stance and the morphogenetic approach share commonalities with the holistic conception of nature and the ecological view in ancient Chinese Daoist philosophy. This contribution can potentially offer a contemporary interpretation of the Daoist principles of “Nature and Humans in One Unity (天人合一)” and “The Dao Imitates the Laws of Nature (道法自然).” Such an interpretation is deemed beneficial for addressing today’s concerns related to holistic, balanced, and harmonious urbanism. Henceforth, the study endeavors to facilitate discourse between Eastern and Western trends of thought, culminating in a cohesive yet heterogeneous regenerative approach.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЇ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

The article highlights the problem of rethinking international communication about Ukrainian history, taking into account the de-imperialization of the historical narrative and overcoming the Russian optics on Ukraine that prevails in Western academic discourse. Sometimes in Western trends, this process is called decolonization, and the corresponding work is called postcolonial studies. While postcolonialism plays a leading role in foreign scholarly visions, it is only gaining momentum in Ukraine. Given the special attention to Ukraine as a country where a new global political architecture is being created today, there is a need to analyze and systematize foreigners’ perceptions of the Ukrainian past, as this will allow for better communication and potentially improve understanding between Ukraine and the Western world in general. Given the total dominance of Russian historiography and its derivative narratives on the entire history of Eastern Europe, this area is extremely relevant and even strategically necessary, as it allows us to study the worldview of both political elites and the electorate of Europe, which is based on a specific vision of the past and directly affects our present and future. This fact actualizes historical imagology as one of the tools for realizing the above. The study is based on the scientific work of foreign historians of non-Ukrainian origin on the history of Ukraine in the English-language discourse. The purpose of the study is to trace the general idea of non-Ukrainian researchers about Ukraine and its historical development, to analyze the state of scientific development of the topic and the source base of the study, and to highlight the main concepts and approaches to the representation of Ukraine’s history. The chronological framework covers the scholarly discourse that began with Ukraine’s independence in 1991 and continues to this day.

Оркестровая фактура в симфонических сочинениях Ван Силиня

Wang Xilin (born 1936) is a Chinese composer currently living in Germany. In his home country, he is known as a musician of the Western trend. His works are occasionally performed in China and are widely known abroad. He has written about one hundred works in various genres, among which orchestral music plays a key role. In his symphonies and symphonic suites, Wang Xilin reinterprets in a new manner the diverse traditions of the Russian and Western European classics. On the other hand, these works vividly express the national Chinese color, manifested in the figurative and emotional sphere, melodicism and textural techniques. The composer has turned towards the orchestral genres during the course of his entire life. They have become a peculiar brand of chronicles of his style and reflect the periodization of his musical output, in which it is possible to highlight three styles. Each of them has its own priorities in his choice of textural means. Thus, his early period (1961–1977) is marked by the study of the Russian and Soviet schools of composition at the Shanghai Conservatory and of Chinese folklore during his exile in the province of Shanxi. The list of textural techniques in the orchestral works of this period — the suite Poems of Yunnan and Symphony No 1 — is not marked by any originality: the composer uses doublings, imitations and canonic expositions most frequently. Wang Xilin bears a striking resemblance to Dmitri Shostakovich in his construction of monodic lines. In his second period (1977–1990) Wang Xilin expanded his arsenal of textural means, in particular creating original “figuration canons” based on pentatonic chants based on intervals of seconds and fourths. These were first used in the suite The Impressions of Mount Taihang and were subsequently widely used by him in his symphonies and suites of his later period. Despite the ban on Western music during the Cultural Revolution, Wang Xilin studied the scores of Charles Ives and Krzysztof Penderecki. This influenced the third period of his work (starting from 1990), marked by a general chromatization of the harmonies and thematicism and the creation of different types of sonorous textures in his music. Overall, the textural basis of Wan Xilin’s works examined here is polyphonic many-voiced texture, but it also includes some homophonic-harmonic sections. Among them there are pastoral fragments with static textures and dance sections with tutti-pizzicato in the strings.

Influence of Western Culture on Pakistani Dramas: A Feminist Lens

Purpose: Cultures go through the process of evolution with time. This process is always influenced by certain factors. External factors significantly influence Pakistani society through TV dramas. It is important to examine the influence of Western culture on Pakistani dramas. This research explores the influence of Western culture with reference to women characters, in term of women’s right of education, marriage, community engagement, living, economic empowerment as well as their household obligations, social limitations and liberation, juxtaposed with traditional cultural norms. Since Feminist theory stands for the rights of women, drawing upon the Feminist theoretical framework, this study investigates how the portrayal of gender roles, identities, and power dynamics in Pakistani television dramas reflects the infiltration of Western cultural values. The aim of this research is to assess the extent to which Western influences in Pakistani dramas contribute to shifting societal attitudes towards gender equality and women's empowerment.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Feminist theory is used in this study. Survey research is employed for quantitative analysis method in this study to analyze the influence of Western trends on Pakistani dramas.
 Findings: The results revealed that Within the narratives of Pakistani dramas, male characters often dominate the spotlight with an emerging recognition among viewers: that female characters hold a significant thematic influence within the storyline, revealing a complex tension between societal expectations and evolving ideals of gender equality and agency.
 Implications/Originality/Value: This study highlights the convergence of tradition, modernity, and external influences in Pakistani dramas. As the industry continues to evolve, there emerges a pressing need for reflection and dialogue on the portrayal of gender roles in a manner that is not only equitable and inclusive but also reflective of the evolving dynamics of Pakistani society.

Соціум Гетьманщини 18 століття у світлі новітніх вітчизняних досліджень

The purpose of the article is to analyze the monographic publications of domestic scientists devoted to the study of the society of the Hetmanate of the 18th century. The main directions of the development of this topic are highlighted, the methodology is clarified, and further prospects for the study of the topic are outlined. Research methodology. The monographic publications subject to analysis were published after 2010, which ensured novelty and made it possible to trace the latest trends and research directions of Ukrainian early modern society. When studying them, the main attention was focused on the topic, the structure of research and the search methods used in it. The reviewed editions were divided into groups depending on the subject covered in them. A comparison of the concepts of functioning of early modern society proposed by domestic authors with those that function in Western historiography is carried out. Scientific novelty. It has been established that the main areas of study of the Hetman region's society are: social phenomena and processes among the urban and rural population, analysis of age, professional, status groups, peculiarities of the functioning of social institutions, and the specifics of the perception of certain phenomena by the contemporary society. An overview of the methods used in the works makes it possible to state that a significant number of scientists approach the study of society from a historical-demographic perspective, widely using quantitative methods to demonstrate the situation that has developed in society and show the main trends of its development. At the same time, under the influence of the Western trend of "cultural history of the social", considerable attention is paid in the reviewed studies to the mutual influence of social and cultural factors. Conclusions. It is noted that the society of the Hetmanate of the 18th century needs further study. In particular, certain social groups remain poorly researched from the point of view of historical demography. This makes it difficult to write comprehensive works on the social history of the Hetmanate. Noting the importance of works on the study of childhood or death in early modern Ukraine, we note that many age, gender, physiological, and cultural phenomena of social life remain unexplored.

HAMBATAN DALAM MENERAPKAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0 PADA GENERASI MILENIAL

Pancasila, acknowledged and embraced as the ideology of the Indonesian people, holds a crucial role in shaping the nation's identity and objectives. The noble values embedded in Pancasila reflect the aspirations and hopes of the nation's formation, serving as the foundation for governance and guiding daily life activities. With core values such as Belief in One God, Humanity, Unity, Democracy, and Justice, Pancasila is not only the state philosophy but also a way of life for all Indonesians. The advancements in technology and the digital era play a central role in the transformation of contemporary society. Limitless access to information facilitates daily life; however, its impact is not solely positive. The threats to moral values and the existence of the nation's nobility become evident, especially in the trend of Westernization that poses a threat to cultural identity and the values of Pancasila. Therefore, a prudent understanding and application of technology are essential to safeguard the continuity of national values and the state ideology

Frontiers in AI Judiciary: A Contribution to Legal Futurology

The article responds to the recent evolution in AI judiciary, especially as presented in China. The authors compare the basic methodological background of Western and Eastern legal systems, concluding that the West is rather inclined to post-positivist methodology in law, which seems incompatible with the full use of AI in legal decision-making. In China, with its more pragmatic approach, the actual process of decision-making might be closer to a new form of technological legal positivism, distinct from Western trends in jurisprudence. Finally, various forms of applicability of AI in law and judiciary are pondered upon, so as to use at least some positive aspects of AI in this sector—albeit with reservations regarding the decision-making proper.

Development of effective leadership in a cross-cultural space

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the formation of an effective personnel management mechanism based on the consideration of leadership theory with an emphasis on companies operating in a cross-cultural space. The initial thesis of the study was the statement about the multivariate nature of cultural spaces, which, based on the leading values, determine the behavior of their bearers. It was determined that the leading concept of personnel management, considering the cultural validity of leadership, is cross-cultural management. The practice and leadership styles were studied following the criteria of national characteristics. The critical cultural factors that determine the managerial aspects of enterprise activity are revealed, including power distance, the ratio of individualism and collectivism, masculinity and femininity, and attitude to uncertainty. It is recognized that they form the national style of leadership. The leadership styles are analyzed, namely autocratic, paternalistic, and democratic (participative). At the same time, emphasis is placed on the perception of the specified leadership styles by representatives of different national cultures. The deepening of the analysis was reflected in the determination and systematization of national leadership styles. British, American, German, French, Swedish, Romanian, Arab, Asian, and Ukrainian leadership styles are described. We propose to consider Romanesque and Arabic as two different styles, without combining them into one group, since they have several differences in cross-cultural characteristics. Also, the Ukrainian style of leadership, which became a symbiosis of the Soviet past, the significant influence of Western trends, and the peculiarities of the national culture of Ukraine, was added to the theoretical work of H. Levis. It was concluded that the cross-cultural approach to personnel management of the enterprise, which is formed based on cross-cultural management, becomes a new paradigm of personnel management, which integrates the main existing approaches in this field based on the priority of accounting for the national and cultural characteristics of the personnel of the enterprise to increase the level of team cohesion, creating a sense of belonging to the enterprise and its value system, which allows to increase the efficiency of the enterprise significantly. Keywords: leadership, leadership styles, cross-cultural management, national culture, national styles of leadership.

Контекст развития и трансформации традиционных религий Пакистана в 21 веке

Although Pakistan was created for Hindustani Muslims, in its first stage of formation it was not a country for Muslims, but developed as a secular country with civil rights for all. Islamization began from the moment of the adoption of the 1956 Constitution and the adaptation of the northwestern territories in the 70s, but aggres- sive Islamization was imposed on Pakistan during the reign of Ziya Ul Hak and the actual US monitoring of religion-politician. Currently, Pakistan is striving to move away from this model, but this is not always possible due to the functioning of aggres- sive Islamic parties and movements in the country, which, like supporters of western- ization, receive support under the neocolonial policy of the collective West. The Paki- stani society itself is currently characterized by processes of religion transformation in three directions: westernization, arabization by moderate type (average path of edu- cated moderation) and Islamization. The greatest active work in social networks is carried out by supporters of the latter in the development of Western intelligence ser- vices, which were previously used to create Al Caida, Taliban, ISIS prohibited in Rus- sia. Given the heterogeneity of the Islamic Pakistani society, the transformation and development of religion goes in them in different directions and at different speeds, while in view of a number of factors, high social groups of Shiites are subject to the greatest transformation. The remaining religions of the country are also in search of their path within the framework of Pakistani society, transforming their religion in different directions. So Christians from the educated higher social strata are most char- acterized by westernization, but with at the same time as the centralization and con- vergence around religious centers with the creation of strong communities. Pakistani Sikhs did not create a separate community and their religion is developing in the main- stream of Indian Sikhism. Hindu communities of the urban type develop in themselves (having little contacts with India Hinduism) or adjoin international organizations such as ISKCON with a general direction of creating clear Hindu canons, returning to fun- damental Hinduism, but with the involvement of Western trends. Rural, poorly edu- cated groups of Hindus and Christians often follow the path of syncretism, combining in their religious practices both the traditions of their religion and neighboring religious groups. Thus, the development and transformation of the main religions of Pakistan is currently quite active, although multidirectional.

Parallel Public: Experimental Art in Late East Germany

Parallel Public: Experimental Art in Late East Germany

Геймификация как нарастающий тренд в сфере высшего образования: перспективы и проблемы

The article deals with the phenomenon of gamification and the problems of im­plementing game practices in higher education. Based on the information about consumer habits, style features of behavior, etc., gamification becomes a fairly effective IT tool that contributes to achieving the goals of one or another project by way of constructing artificially player motivation, i.e., in fact, programming for a certain behavior pattern. The paper notes that the Western trend of mass in­clusion of games and game technologies in curricula has become a significant reference point for domestic educational policy, and gamification is now dis­cussed as a new, alternative way of organizing learning in educational institu­tions of our country, which allows to significantly influence student behavior and the effectiveness of learning outcomes. Analyzing possible consequences and trying to take into account the explicit and latent risks, the author concludes that the most alarming trend of gamification implementation in the educational process is the creation of unprecedented opportunities for collecting data on student be­havior in the digital educational space. Tracking reactions and psychoemotional state of young people in the course of gamified learning, the use of artificial in­telligence technologies, neural networks, the use of learning action analysis tech­nologies, digital footprint analysis – all these may help to build and improve the behavior management strategy required by customers. Here we see the pro­spects of making a testing range for large-scale work to create additional means of control, standardization and correction with the view to improve the tech­niques of manipulating the consciousness and behavior of the masses of people. In the author’s opinion, the transformation of learning into a computer game will promote not only a significant deformation of the inner meaning of pedagogics, but also the transformation of student youth into an object of various manipu­lations using the high-human methodology, which widely applies the tools of smart technology.

Research on the Value Thought of Modern Social Development of Marx's Theory

In the history of human social development, every great social change was completed under the guidance of social development theory. Marx's important theoretical summary of social development based on historical materialism is a scientific theoretical system. With the deepening of social and economic system reform, the importance of social security system construction in China's social construction has become increasingly prominent. Due to the demand of real life, people have made more in-depth research on the theory of all-round development of human beings in Marxism. Marx's thought of all-round development of human beings attaches importance to the all-round development of human beings, which is not only the necessary process for human society to move towards the advanced stage, but also the ultimate goal of human development. In the discussion of the current value and significance of Marx's thought on the subject of social development, this paper objectively and dialectically affirms that when Marx opposed and revised some western trends of thought, it accurately pointed out that some western scholars had an objective and one-sided understanding of human beings, and pointed out that we should focus on the development of most people, not just on individual development, so that the fruits of social development can be enjoyed by most people, The view of achieving fair and harmonious development between people.