Контекст развития и трансформации традиционных религий Пакистана в 21 веке

Abstract

Although Pakistan was created for Hindustani Muslims, in its first stage of formation it was not a country for Muslims, but developed as a secular country with civil rights for all. Islamization began from the moment of the adoption of the 1956 Constitution and the adaptation of the northwestern territories in the 70s, but aggres- sive Islamization was imposed on Pakistan during the reign of Ziya Ul Hak and the actual US monitoring of religion-politician. Currently, Pakistan is striving to move away from this model, but this is not always possible due to the functioning of aggres- sive Islamic parties and movements in the country, which, like supporters of western- ization, receive support under the neocolonial policy of the collective West. The Paki- stani society itself is currently characterized by processes of religion transformation in three directions: westernization, arabization by moderate type (average path of edu- cated moderation) and Islamization. The greatest active work in social networks is carried out by supporters of the latter in the development of Western intelligence ser- vices, which were previously used to create Al Caida, Taliban, ISIS prohibited in Rus- sia. Given the heterogeneity of the Islamic Pakistani society, the transformation and development of religion goes in them in different directions and at different speeds, while in view of a number of factors, high social groups of Shiites are subject to the greatest transformation. The remaining religions of the country are also in search of their path within the framework of Pakistani society, transforming their religion in different directions. So Christians from the educated higher social strata are most char- acterized by westernization, but with at the same time as the centralization and con- vergence around religious centers with the creation of strong communities. Pakistani Sikhs did not create a separate community and their religion is developing in the main- stream of Indian Sikhism. Hindu communities of the urban type develop in themselves (having little contacts with India Hinduism) or adjoin international organizations such as ISKCON with a general direction of creating clear Hindu canons, returning to fun- damental Hinduism, but with the involvement of Western trends. Rural, poorly edu- cated groups of Hindus and Christians often follow the path of syncretism, combining in their religious practices both the traditions of their religion and neighboring religious groups. Thus, the development and transformation of the main religions of Pakistan is currently quite active, although multidirectional.