Tree Planting Programs Research Articles

Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Sampah Dan Penanaman Pohon Mangrove Desa Laulalang Kabupaten Tolitoli

The importance of maintaining a clean and healthy environment is necessary to develop a character education program "Love the Environment" for the residents of Laulalang Village. This program must also teach them how to take care of nature to protect them once again from the dangers of coastal abrasion through a greening program. This community service aims to achieve a green economy in the government system of Laulalang Village which targets the village community, especially housewives, In addition to being able to help the household economy, teenagers are also aware of the environment for the future. This program was implemented in Laulalang Village, North Tolitoli District, Tolitoli. It consists of several series of activities including socialization on waste utilization, and a mangrove tree planting program. The series of activities were carried out over two days. The result of this activity is that the community can recycle or classify types of waste that can be resold so that it has new economic value, where everything can have economic value if it is managed properly and appropriately, so it does not pollute the environment which can be detrimental to all. Then the planting of mangrove trees to create new environmental ecosystem conditions to grow and develop again along the northern coastline of Laulalang Village, with the hope that it will create a new network, a future network for Sulawesi's marine ecosystems, followed by an advanced generation who are aware of the environment for the future come.

The Trends and Magnitude of Tree Plantation Growing in Rural Communities of Kigezi Sub-region, South Western Uganda

The study documents the trends and magnitude of tree plantation growth in the Kigezi Sub-region of South Western Uganda. In most developing countries, national governments have been promoting and supporting rural communities with tree-planting programs in the region. A trend analysis was used to determine the escalating tree plantation growth in the sub-region. Landsat (TM/ETM+) satellite images were used to capture the trends, and a survey was also used to obtain information on the distribution patterns of established tree plantations. A randomly selected sample of 389 tree plantation growers was surveyed. The research approaches adopted were to supplement and strengthen the findings and also to provide an opportunity for the researcher to understand in-depth how tree plantations grow in the rural livelihood economy. Recommendations from this study emphasise the strengthening of the existing policy reforms. Also, interventions to harness sustainable forestry management should be used to provide integrated benefits to all, ranging from safeguarding local livelihoods to protecting the biodiversity and ecosystems provided by forests and reducing rural poverty in the Kigezi sub-region

Residents' roles as environmental policy actors using an urban governance framework: A case study of a tree planting program

Many North American cities are pursuing tree planting as part of their climate mitigation policies. Tree planting initiatives (TPI) are decentralized environmental programs since ongoing stewardship is dependent on the individuals who adopt and plant the trees. Therefore, the successful implementation of tree planting is subject to the vagaries of individual landowner actions and decision-making. There is a lack of research on the opportunities for environmental policy and governance that explicitly draws upon residents as policy actors. This paper uses a governance framework to examine TPI governance in two registers: first, how residents are incorporated into the governance network in each city, and second, resident perspectives and decision-making as policy actors. We find that decentralized environmental programs such as tree planting can encourage strong networks if they are founded on reliable partnerships and multiple ways of reaching individual residents. Residents are categorized into four different groups – policy actors, communicators, negotiators, and passive recipients – based on their actions, decision-making, and motivations. Residents categorized as policy actors, communicators and negotiators showcased increased community and tree care stewardship activities. Decentralized environmental governance can facilitate resident conceptualization as policy actors by encouraging individuals participation in program decision-making.

Exploring links between resident satisfaction and participation in an urban tree planting initiative

Street-facing trees have been cited as providing a vast range of environmental benefits and also a contributing factor to community livability and quality of life. One measure of well-being that speaks directly to the livability of a city is residential satisfaction, which is represented by the social and physical environments of the particular places in which people live. Resident satisfaction can also demonstrate the degree of “fit” between one's ideal vision of a neighborhood and the actual, existing circumstances. Dimensions of resident satisfaction are less commonly studied as a variable to predict behavioral intentions or actions, and this study begins to fill that research gap by assessing resident willingness to participate in environmental restoration programs based on the streets where they live. Given the increased reliance on local residents as key actors to urban tree planting and management, this study was designed to understand the role of street-facing trees to different dimensions of resident satisfaction. We also assess the degree to which objective and subjective attributes of street trees influence resident satisfaction and explore the extent to which resident satisfaction can predict interest in a local urban tree planting initiative. Results indicate the unique role of urban trees to satisfaction and that subjectively held attitudes toward trees are important considerations when administering tree planting programs. This study also reinforces that urban tree planning and planting is a negotiation of priorities and visions between different stakeholder groups.

The Impact of Climate Change on Quality Education Delivery: A Case Study of Four Selected Secondary Schools in Kabwe District, Zambia

The study was an attempt to establish the impact of climate change on quality education delivery in selected four secondary schools in Kabwe district of central province in Zambia. Two objectives were at the heart of the study, namely: to establish effects of climate change commonly experienced in Kabwe district and to investigate how such effects affect provision of quality education in the selected four secondary schools within the district. 128 participants comprising 40 teachers, 80 pupils and 8 school administrators were purposively selected from four different secondary schools in Kabwe district. A survey using structured interviews and questionnaires were used. On challenges associated with effects of climate change commonly experienced in Kabwe district, the study established the following: impassable access roads to schools due to floods, destruction of homes, school buildings, obliteration of field crops and livestock due to heavy rains and droughts, and escalation of diseases and stress. On how the afore mentioned challenges affect quality education delivery, the study established the following: high absenteeism rate among pupils, deprivation of pupils with quality physical learning environment, increased hunger and reduced attention span in pupils, and compromised health of pupils. The study has proposed the following interventions: upscale tree planting programs, parents-teachers associations in concerned schools to aggressively lobby local authorities to maintain strategic roads in townships and residential areas leading to schools, to continue promoting use of eco-friendly practices such as conservation farming, strict control of both forest and charcoal burning, ban open air trash burning.

Factors Influencing Household Tree Planting Behaviour. A Case Study of Wangchieng Ward, Homabay County

The ever-increasing impacts of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa have made many aware and struggle with livelihood options from nature, and the need for households and communities to plant trees can no longer be over-emphasised. Community tree planting is crucial for global environmental sustainability. The information that guided the public in selecting the tree they plant in their private spaces is important, especially to policymakers. This paper was aimed at analysing the factors that influence community tree planting behaviour. The study used a mixed-methods approach that involved both qualitative research using focus groups as well as quantitative research using questionnaires administered to the residents of the ten locations in Wangchieng ward: Homabay County in December 2021. A sample of 380 community households was selected, 38 in each location, through purposive sampling technique and mixed structured questionnaires delivered to them. The questionnaires assessed community attitudes and conservation involvement against the socioeconomic background, benefits, and costs of planting trees. Results showed that most residents of Wangchieng ward have positive attitudes towards tree planting. The data collected from the questionnaires showed that socioeconomic factors such as age, education levels and income were positively related to participation in community tree-planting programs among respondents. A stepwise binary logistics conducted ranked six variables as the major factors influencing household tree planting. The importance of trees was ranked at position one (most influential variable) with an odd ratio of 9.287, and at position six was education level with an odd ratio of 1.207. The full model containing all the variables was statistically significant at χ2 (10, N = 370) = 98.312, p < .001, clearly indicating that the model was able to distinguish respondents who have planted and those who have not planted trees in the last six months. Thus, it is recommended that household tree planting can significantly be enhanced by improving knowledge on the importance of trees, their various ecosystem goods and services, making seedlings cheaply available for households as well as promoting households to do agroforestry in their farmers

Exploring limits to tree planting as a natural climate solution

Large-scale tree planting has been advocated for decades in many countries as a cost-effective strategy to mitigate carbon, rejuvenate degraded landscapes, and support local livelihoods. Recent studies, however, suggest limited ecological and livelihood impacts of tree planting programs, indicating possible limits to tree planting as a natural climate solution. In this paper, we explore these carrying capacity-like limits by evaluating the site suitability of forestry landscapes of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh using theory/expert-based rules and machine learning algorithms. We find that the state can only achieve a maximum of 31.54% forest cover due to socio-ecological and biophysical constraints, much less than India's goal of bringing 66% of the total geographical area of Himalayan states into forest cover. The low availability of suitable lands for growing trees, together with poor plantation site selection by forest range officers limit the use of tree planting as a sole climate mitigation strategy. To approach theoretical planting limits, we propose an ePSA (e-Plantation Site Assistant) recommendation system based on our site-suitability results to assist forest rangers in selecting suitable sites for planting trees. An initial deployment of the recommender system suggests its potential utility in shaping the long-term success of tree plantations as an effective carbon strategy in northern India and beyond. Overall, we argue that there is a need to realign over-ambitious national and international tree planting targets with actual limits from site characteristics to avoid massive wastage of funds and to obtain feasible carbon mitigation outcomes.

Building resiliency in conifer forests: Interior spruce crosses among weevil resistant and susceptible parents produce hybrids appropriate for multi-trait selection.

Tree planting programs now need to consider climate change increasingly, therefore, the resistance to pests plays an essential role in enabling tree adaptation to new ranges through tree population movement. The weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) is a major pest of spruces and substantially reduces lumber quality. We revisited a large Interior spruce provenance/progeny trial (2,964 genotypes, 42 families) of varying susceptibility, established in British Columbia. We employed multivariate mixed linear models to estimate covariances between, and genetic control of, juvenile height growth and resistance traits. We performed linear regressions and ordinal logistic regressions to test for impact of parental origin on growth and susceptibility to the pest, respectively. A significant environmental component affected the correlations between resistance and height, with outcomes dependent on families. Parents sourced from above 950 m a.s.l. elevation negatively influenced host resistance to attacks, probably due to higher P. engelmannii proportion. For the genetic contribution of parents sourced from above 1,200 m a.s.l., however, we found less attack severity, probably due to a marked mismatch in phenologies. This clearly highlights that interspecific hybrid status might be a good predictor for weevil attacks and delineates the boundaries of successful spruce population movement. Families resulting from crossing susceptible parents generally showed fast-growing trees were the most affected by weevil attacks. Such results indicate that interspecific 'hybrids' with a higher P. glauca ancestry might be genetically better equipped with an optimized resource allocation between defence and growth and might provide the solution for concurrent improvement in resistance against weevil attacks, whilst maintaining tree productivity.

Assessing conservation efforts of mangrove forest in Delta Tumpat Kelantan

Mangrove forest hosts a variety of biodiversity and offers a great coastal ecosystem function. Despite the importance of mangrove ecosystems, they are being destroyed more quickly than all other types of forests around the world for development as predicted in many studies. The loss of mangrove areas due to aquaculture activities, rural settlements, and sediment accretion had caused the Delta Tumpat Mangrove Forest (DTMF), Kelantan in a dangerous state. Due to this alarming situation, many conservation efforts have been taken by both government and private agencies. This paper explores the impact of mangrove conservation efforts of DTMF from 2000 to 2019. Based on evaluation on the two decades data, more than 100,000 mangrove trees were planted within 31 officially recorded programs with a planting average of 3861 trees per program. Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata are the main species planted in the 42 ha of the area including small islands at DTMF. The conservation initiative and tree planting program have mainly gauged the Kelantan Forestry Department’s work in partnership with other agencies as well as the involvement of the communities. Further research on human socioeconomic concerns on conservation priorities can help to ensure the long-term sustainability of mangrove forests in the future.

Predicting aboveground biomass carbon sequestration potential in hybrid poplar clones under afforestation plantation management in southern Ontario, Canada

Afforestation systems as a pathway for natural climate solutions contributing to terrestrial C sequestration are influenced by agroclimatic conditions, tree species and clones. This study validated a regression equation to predict aboveground biomass C (AGBC) sequestration potentials of hybrid poplar clones under afforestation plantation and compared these clones’ adaptability to three levels of land suitability in four afforestation sites in southern Ontario, Canada. Results validated the proven ability of the GenOnBio model to reasonably predict AGBC content in all tested clones. This research suggests that DN154 and FFC1 having C sequestration rates of 2.19 and 2.13 Mg C ha-1 y-1, respectively, are suitable for marginal lands having high land suitability condition. In contrast, DTAC29, and DTAC26 (0.56 and 0.88 Mg C ha-1 y-1, respectively) should not be selected for the above land suitability. On marginal lands with severe limitations, NM6 (1.53 Mg C ha-1 y-1) showed the highest adaptability for AGBC sequestration. Our findings confirm that poplar afforestation on marginal lands in southern Ontario, at least up to the age of 15 years, can significantly contribute to AGBC sequestration, which in turn can have significant positive influence on the current 2 billion tree planting program initiated by the federal government.

Relationships between urbanization, tree morphology, and carbon density: An integration of remote sensing, allometric models, and field survey

Urban trees store and sequester large amounts of carbon and are a vital component of natural climate solutions. Despite the well-recognized carbon benefits of urban trees, there is limited effort to examine how spatial distribution of carbon density varies across distinctive social, demographic, and built dimensions of urban landscapes. Moreover, it is unclear whether specific aspects of landscape structure and design could help increase carbon densities in urban trees. Here, we produced a fine-resolution carbon density map of urban trees in New York City (NYC) by integrating high-resolution land cover map, LiDAR-derived tree metrics, i-Tree Eco, and field survey data. We then explored spatial variations of carbon density across the gradients of urban development intensity, social deprivation index, and neighborhood age, and we examined the relationships between carbon density, and fragmentation, aggregation, size, and shape of tree canopy cover. We find that carbon stored in urban trees in NYC is estimated as 1078 Gg, with an average density of 13.8 Mg/ha. This large amount of carbon is unevenly distributed, with carbon densities being highest in Bronx and in open parks and street trees. Furthermore, carbon densities are negatively associated with urban development intensity and the social gradient of deprivation. Regarding the impacts of tree morphology on carbon density, our results show that while the amount of tree cover is the most influential factor in determining carbon density, small-sized forest patches and moderate levels of forest edges are also conductive to increasing carbon densities of urban trees. To incorporate urban forestry into developing innovative, effective, and equitable climate mitigation strategies, planners and decision makers need to identify the optimal spatial configuration of urban forests and invest in tree planting programs in marginalized communities.

La vivaistica forestale in Italia al bivio: sfide e strategie

The recognition of the key role of forests in contrasting the dramatic effects of climate change and biodiversity crisis is the pillar of many initiatives on a global, European, and national scale calling for afforestation campaigns. The Italian forest nursery sector is currently inadequate to meet the demand for tree seedlings for the national campaigns. Forest nursery production is characterized by regional or local companies that are remarkably different from each other in organization and efficiency. It is therefore urgent to develop a comprehensive restructuring of the entire sector to be able to respond to the specific needs of forestry projects in Italy and Europe. In this paper, we present a series of key principles and criteria aimed at guiding the renaissance of the sector. Strategic actions are proposed by integrating research, governance, public/private partnership, training, and communication. The strategic approach presented is based on a collaborative structure integrating various skills and responsibilities. The first step is an expert review of the Basic Materials (BM) included in the National Register thanks to the development of the genetic studies of forest stands and the inclusion of shrub and herbaceous species, essentials for ecosystem restoration projects counteracting the biodiversity crisis. A series of actions concerns the aspects of certification, voluntary or prescriptive, of the quality of BM, and the ultimate harmonization of national production to European standards. Particular importance needs to be devoted to the collection, evaluation, and conservation of seeds to develop innovative solutions both for the production of BM and for specific implementation phases of afforestation projects and ecosystem restoration. The governance phase might be implemented through the creation of interregional centers with the duty of collecting and conserving seeds, thus enhancing the existing experiences of outstanding regional and provincial tree nurseries with the support of the National Centers for the study and conservation of Forest Biodiversity. Furthermore, the promotion of partnerships between public and private companies and the creation of a shared and accessible national platform represent strategic actions of primary importance. A fundamental role is then assigned to the implementation of training programs and the construction of an open and incremental communication plan. Thanks to these actions it will be possible to place forest nurseries at the center of the relationships between tree planting and afforestation plans and programs, integrated forest design, implementation of new forests, and their adaptive management.

A socio-ecological approach to align tree stewardship programs with public health benefits in marginalized neighborhoods in Los Angeles, USA

Extreme heat in the United States is a leading cause of weather-related deaths, disproportionately affecting low-income communities of color who tend to live in substandard housing with limited indoor cooling and fewer trees. Trees in cities have been documented to improve public health in many ways and provide climate regulating ecosystem services via shading, absorbing, and transpiring heat, measurably reducing heat-related illnesses and deaths. Advancing “urban forest equity” by planting trees in marginalized neighborhoods is acknowledged as a climate health equity strategy. But information is lacking about the efficacy of tree planting programs in advancing urban forest equity and public wellbeing. There is a need for frameworks to address the mismatch between policy goals, governance, resources, and community desires on how to green marginalized neighborhoods for public health improvement—especially in water-scarce environments. Prior studies have used environmental management-based approaches to evaluate planting programs, but few have focused on equity and health outcomes. We adapted a theory-based, multi-dimensional socio-ecological systems (SES) framework regularly used in the public health field to evaluate the Tree Ambassador, orPromotor Forestal, program in Los Angeles, US. The program is modeled after the community health worker model—where frontline health workers are trusted community members. It aims to address urban forest equity and wellbeing by training, supporting, and compensating residents to organize their communities. We use focus groups, surveys, and ethnographic methods to develop our SES model of community-based tree stewardship. The model elucidates how interacting dimensions—from individual to society level—drive urban forest equity and related public health outcomes. We then present an alternative framework, adding temporal and spatial factors to these dimensions. Evaluation results and our SES model highlight drivers aiding or hindering program trainees in organizing communities, including access to properties, perceptions about irrigation responsibilities, and lack of trust in local government. We also find that as trainee experience increases, measures including self- and collective efficacy and trust in their neighbors increase. Findings can inform urban forestry policy, planning, and management actions at the government and non-profit levels that aim to increase tree cover and reduce heat exposure in marginalized communities.

Growth performance and scale insect infestation of Shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot

Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change. Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level, including using suitable species with favourable traits. However, there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species. An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success. Seedlings of S. leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves. To study the effects of genetic variation, seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design. From performance data collected 2017‒2019, one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth, significantly higher than most of the other populations. Interestingly, this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation. This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S. leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species. It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.

Species-specific efficiency in PM2.5 removal by urban trees: From leaf measurements to improved modeling estimates

The growing population in cities is causing a deterioration of air quality due to the emission of pollutants, causing serious health impacts. Trees and urban forests can contribute through the interception and removal of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM). The dry deposition of PM by vegetation depends on air pollutant concentration, meteorological conditions, and specific leaf traits. Several studies explored the ability of different plant species to accumulate PM on leaf structures leading to the development of models to quantify the PM removal. The i-Tree Eco is the most used model to evaluate ecosystem services provided by urban trees. However, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) removal is still calculated with a poorly evaluated function of deposition velocity (which depends on wind speed and leaf area) without differentiating between tree species. Therefore, we present an improvement of the standard model calculation introducing a leaf trait index to distinguish the species effect on PM net removal. We also compared model results with measurements of deposited leaf PM by vacuum filtration. The index includes the effect of morphological and functional leaf characteristics of tree species using four parameters: leaf water storage, deposition velocity, resuspension rate and leaf washing capacity. Leaves of 11 common urban tree species were sampled in representative areas of the city of Ferrara (Italy) and at different times of the year from 2018 to 2021. This includes four deciduous broadleaf trees (Tilia cordata, Platanus acerifolia, Acer platanoides, Celtis australis), three evergreen broadleaf trees (Quercus ilex, Magnolia grandiflora, Nerium oleander), and four conifers (Thuja orientalis, Cedrus libani, Pinus pinaster, Picea abies). The results provide significant advancement in assessing PM removal using decision support tools such as models to properly select tree species for future urban tree planting programs aimed at improving air quality.

Moving towards the ecological intensification of tree plantations

The growing demand for timber and the boom in massive tree-planting programs could mean the spreading of mismanaged tree plantations worldwide. Here, we apply the concept of ecological intensification to forestry systems as a viable biodiversity-focused strategy that could be critical to develop productive, yet sustainable, tree plantations. Tree plantations can be highly productive if tree species are properly combined to complement their ecological functions. Simultaneously considering soil biodiversity and animal-mediated biocontrol will be critical to minimize the reliance on external inputs. Integrating genetic, functional, and demographic diversity across heterogeneous landscapes should improve resilience under climate change. Designing ecologically intensified plantations will mean breaking the timber productivity versus conservation dichotomy and assuring the maintenance of key ecosystem services at safe levels.

Edge effects from exotic tree plantations and environmental context drive dung beetle assemblages within Amazonian undisturbed forests

Large-scale exotic tree planting programmes are widespread in the tropics and growing in the Brazilian Amazon – initially to meet global timber and cellulose demands and now as a nature-based solution to fight climate change and promote global ecosystem restoration. However, we still lack an understanding of how far might edge effects of exotic tree plantations spread into the interior of neighbouring tropical forests. Moreover, few studies have demonstrated how Amazonian forest insect populations may change in response to proximity to exotic tree plantations and along continuous (rather than categorical) gradients of environmental changes. We address these knowledge gaps by investigating how Eucalyptus plantation proximity, litter biomass, soil structure, and canopy openness influence distinct dung beetle responses surveyed within 34 plots of undisturbed primary forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Although the impacts of Eucalyptus plantation proximity were species-specific and varied across behavioural guilds and community metrics, we show that exotic tree plantation edge effects were the main driver of most dung beetle responses, penetrating up to 500–800 m into the forest interior. Dung beetle responses also varied along gradients of soil texture, canopy openness and leaf litter biomass, highlighting the importance of environmental context for dung beetle assemblages and populations. Overall, our findings for dung beetles show that the ongoing expansion of exotic tree plantations may affect our ability to maintain and conserve forest-specialist biodiversity due to edge effects in adjacent tropical forests.

Morphological and biochemical behavior of the olive tree in semi-arid areas of Algeria

In Algeria, as in many agricultural regions of Mediterranean countries, the cultivation of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has a very important place in sustainable development, the economy, and the fight against. And the Algerian government has implemented an olive tree planting program with an area of 900,000 ha by 2024. In this context, the objective of this work is to determine the variability of the morphological and biochemical parameters of 10 ten varieties of olive tree of Algerian origin “Hamra, Sigoise, Aimel, Longue de Meliana, Mission, Guergour, Manzanitte Agnoun, Chemllal and Sofiana ”having been the subject of an extension to the level of the semi-arid zone, carried out intensively, under localized irrigation, with controlled fertilizer inputs. The experiment started with on-site morphological measurements of tree height, trunk height and canopy circumference followed by laboratory analyzes by determining leaf area, relative water content and content in chlorophyll pigments. Graphical representations, comparisons of means, minimums and maximums, one-way analysis of variance on the one hand and PCA and AHC on the other hand were established between the studied parameters, in order to assess their variability. The results obtained showed that even if the olive tree is grown under the same growing conditions; varieties behave in different ways. These differences must be taken into account when choosing varieties in the plantation of mono-varietal or multi-varietal olive orchards.

Why don’t people plant trees? Uncovering barriers to participation in urban tree planting initiatives

Urban tree cover is inequitable in many American cities, with low-income and non-white neighborhoods typically having the least coverage. Some municipal and non-profit tree planting programs aim to address this inequity by targeting low-income neighborhoods; however, many programs face lack of participation or resistance from local residents. In this study, we aimed to uncover the economic, social, cultural, and physical barriers that community leaders face in planting trees and fostering engagement in a neighborhood with low tree canopy. In collaboration with an urban greening nonprofit in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (US), twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with community leaders in a low canopy neighborhood, North Philadelphia. Half of these leaders were already involved with local tree planting programs, while the other half were not. Findings reveal that despite broad appreciation for trees and greenspaces, there are concerns about the risks and costs residents assume over the course of a tree’s life cycle, the threat of neighborhood development and gentrification associated with trees, limited plantable space, and limited time and capacity for community organizations. Additionally, these barriers to participation may be amplified among low-income and communities of color who face the legacies of historical tree disservices and municipal structural disinvestment. Addressing community concerns regarding the long-term care of trees beyond the initial tree planting would likely require further programmatic support. Overall, this research highlights the complexity of addressing inequities in tree canopy and the importance of integrating resident and community leader perspectives about disservices and management costs into tree planting initiatives.

The Green Areas in the city and sustainable Approach: Analytical Study of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s tree-planting Program

Sustainable planning has become a major topic for designers, which includes open areas and green spaces’ designs. These green designs have evolved from traditional approaches to green architecture theory and practice vision that people want to use and respect. Since 1990, the percentage of Saudi Arabia's land area covered by plantations has stayed constant at around 0.5 percent. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman wants to change the country's economy and society by planting 10 billion trees through a tree-planting programme, in order to boost environmental awareness, assist Saudi society reconnect with nature, and create jobs in rural areas. This project will rise the area covered by existing trees by a factor of twelve and reduce carbon emissions by more than half (4 percent). This paper aims to Improve the natural and built environment by Focusing on the sustainable approach that can use to upgrade the environmental quality of the city and using successful green areas designs that make more attractive cities and providing more environmental services, in addition to ensure that the green spaces are created to reflect the values and pattern of people’s life that will use them. To achieve these goals, the research depends on analytical application methodology. The study reveals the green areas in the cities and their benefits, and suggest sustainable approach for successful green spaces towards better quality of life which can be a guide for designers involved the process of sustainable growth, the research adopts Saudi Arabia case study interests in reducing its carbon footprint and placing the country against global warming.