Treatment Unit Research Articles

Waste management of household-scale snack industry based on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) In Watubonang Ponorogo

The household food industry that produces fish-based snacks in Ponorogo needs good waste management. Therefore, the waste is directly disposed of into the irrigation channel and vacant land. The waste produced by the industry contains highly organic compounds, which results in several problems, such as foul odor and eutrophication due to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. The management of water and solid wastes is a must to prevent environmental pollution, reduce waste circulation, and create better production; one of the methods that can be used is Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R). Primary data were collected by sampling, laboratory analysis, and field research. In contrast, the secondary data were collected through literature studies. Based on the analysis results, reduction is done on liquid waste, compostable, and non-recyclable solid waste. Reuse is done on liquid waste and recyclable solid waste. Recycle is done on compostable and recyclable solid waste. Based on waste management, the treatment units begin with a grease, then an equalization basin, an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), and constructed wetland. Solid waste storage for all types uses closed High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) tubs. Composting is carried out on compostable solid waste aerobically in a HDPE plastic tub.

Medication-Free Treatment in Mental Health Care How Does It Differ from Traditional Treatment?

Norwegian authorities have implemented treatment units devoted to medication-free mental health treatment nationwide to improve people's freedom of choice. This article examines how medication-free treatment differs from treatment as usual across central dimensions. The design was mixed methods including questionnaire data on patients from a medication-free unit and two comparison units (n 59 + 124), as well as interviews with patients (n 5) and staff (n 8) in the medication-free unit. Medication-free treatment involved less reliance on medications and more extensive psychosocial treatment that involved a culture of openness, expression of feelings, and focus on individual responsibility and intensive work. The overall extent of patient influence for medication-free treatment compared with standard treatment was not substantially different to standard treatment but varied on different themes. Patients in medication-free treatment had greater freedom to reduce or not use medication. Medication-free treatment was experienced as more demanding. For patients, this could be connected to a stronger sense of purpose and was experienced as helpful but could also be experienced as a type of pressure and lack of understanding. Patients in medication-free treatment reported greater satisfaction with the treatment, which may be linked to a richer psychosocial treatment package that focuses on patient participation and freedom from pressure to use medication. The findings provide insights into how a medication-free treatment service might work and demonstrate its worth as a viable alternative for people who are not comfortable with the current medication focus of mental health care. Patients react differently to increased demands and clinicians should be reflexive of the dimensions of individualism-relationism in medication-free treatment services. This knowledge can be used to further develop and improve both medication-free treatment and standard treatment regarding shared decision-making. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03499080) on 17 April 2018.

Skin lesions associated with invasive devices in highly complex neonatal and pediatric patients

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It has three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis performs multiple functions in the body, standing out as a defensive barrier and internal integrity in addition to containing the evasion of moisture, and exogenous substances. Injury is by definition any interruption in the continuity of the skin regardless of its extent and may be chronic or acute. A newborn's skin is delicate and vulnerable, and the use of invasive devices in highly complex care can negatively affect its integrity. This review study addressed data from Brazilian research on newborn skin in intensive hospital treatment units. The studies evaluated were obtained from the SciELO, Medline and Lilacs, Google Scholar and Elsevier databases. The inclusion criteria were articles, monographs, dissertations and theses published in the period between 2018 and 2023, in Portuguese with a pre-established theme, and the exclusion criteria were articles, monographs, dissertations and repeated theses, incomplete manuscripts and with unauthorized access free of charge. As results, 3 categories were obtained: Category 1 – Main causes of skin lesions in newborns and highly complex children. Category 2- Prevention measures in newborns and highly complex children with skin lesions. Category 3- Highly complex skin care strategies for newborns and children. It is evident that due to the high susceptibility of newborns and children to develop highly complex skin lesions, it requires greater attention from the nursing team. Early detection of the risk of skin lesions and the use of prophylaxis enable a better quality of life for newborns hospitalized in high complexity, avoiding and minimizing skin lesions caused by the care provided.

Worldwide Distribution, Health Risk, Treatment Technology, and Development Tendency of Geogenic High-Arsenic Groundwater

The presence of high concentrations of geogenic arsenic (As) in groundwater poses a serious threat to the health of millions of individuals globally. This paper examines the research progress of groundwater with high concentrations of geogenic As through a comprehensive literature review and analysis, covering distribution, health risks, in situ remediation, regulatory technologies, and development trends, to establish a reference for future research. The global distribution of geogenic high-As groundwater is mainly in inland basins and river deltas of countries in South Asia, East Asia, and South America. High-As risk areas can be modeled using hydrogeologic data and field measurements. This modeling approach allows for assessing and measuring potential areas of high-As groundwater. In order to provide safe drinking water promptly and effectively to areas affected by high-As groundwater, in situ rapid detection and remediation techniques have been given significant attention. This paper introduces household- or community-scale As removal technologies, including flocculant–disinfectant, bucket treatment units, use of activated alumina, use of nano zero-valent iron, aquifer iron coating technology, and bioremediation, summarizing the basic mechanisms of arsenic removal for each technology. Guaranteeing the sustainability of site-scale remediation technologies, reasonable aquifer management, and exploring alternative water sources are crucial for combating high-As groundwater contamination. Future studies should aim to elucidate the mechanisms of As’s coexistence with other pollutants in groundwater, effectively treating As-containing wastes or sludge produced during the treatment process and exploring better treatment options.

A comparison between Claus and THIOPAQ sulfur recovery techniques in natural gas plants

A sulfur recovery process is one of the most important processes in the oil and gas industry to get rid of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is produced from the acid gas removal process of sour natural gas to convert it into sweet natural gas. Actual data from a gas field is used to obtain a realistic comparison between two sulfur recovery techniques, through which researchers and/or manufacturers can obtain information that will help them choose the most appropriate and cheapest method. A total feed acid gas flow rate of 5.1844 MMSCFD with an H2S concentration of 24.62% by mole percent was produced from amine acid gas removal units. Claus sulfur recovery technique is a traditional chemical process that uses thermal and catalytic reactors. Therefore, an acid gas enrichment unit is applied to increase the H2S concentration to approximately 50% mole to provide reliable and flexible operation in the thermal and catalytic reactors. Moreover, a tail gas treatment unit is applied to increase the overall conversion efficiency to 99.90% with the Claus technique instead of 95.08% without it to achieve high sulfur recovery and reliable operation through the conversion of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptans. Studies on the safety and simplicity of the Claus technique revealed many important hazards and a large number of transmitters (379) and control loops (128) in one Claus train. THIOPAQ sulfur recovery as a new technology is a biological desulfurization process that uses a natural mixture of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. It is also a unique H2S removal process with an efficiency of 99.999%. In addition, studies on the safety and simplicity of the THIOPAQ technique have shown that the hazards, the number of transmitters (74), and the number of control loops (29) of a one THIOPAQ train are lower. The THIOPAQ technique showed higher efficiency, was safer, simpler, and had lower CAPEX and OPEX. This study was conducted using Aspen HYSYS V11 and actual data.

Invitations to think and feel in forensic nursing; the role of clinical supervision and reflective practice

Providing nursing care to people who have experienced child sexual abuse, assault and rape is a highly specialised and psychologically demanding task. Necessarily much focus is on the technical aspects of the task of providing care to patients. The specialist administrative and nursing team in the Sexual Assault and Treatment Units (SATUs) in Ireland provide complex treatment to a particularly vulnerable group of people from various backgrounds in Irish Society. The service is open to all genders and gender identities, aged 14 and over. The care is free and it is a recognised safe place to go to if you have been raped or sexually assaulted. In the Department of Health’s Policy Review of the SATUs in Ireland they recognised the challenging nature of the work and recommended the provision of high quality emotional supports for all staff (core and on-call).
 This paper considers the provision of reflective practice to members of the SATU team, with a particular emphasis on their emotional and psychological experience at work. The introduction of reflective practice into a nursing setting will be discussed including opportunities and challenges that emerged, and how the service gained momentum over a year. The paper will reflect on one case example in the form of a supervisee/supervisor relationship in an effort to deepen and broaden our understanding of the need for professional spaces in which to consider ones experience at work.

Potential of Ecoenzymes and N2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Phalaenopsis sp. Orchid at the Acclimatization Stage

Growth is a quantitative change during one plant’s life cycle and is irreversible.withaddition An in crease the volume or dry weight of plants or other organs is due to the adding, of new structural elements. Phalaenopsis (moth orchid) is a genus of orchids appeal. The diversity of colors, shapes, and textures, as well as its aroma, make Phalaenopsis orchids one of the charming flowers of Indonesia. Ecoenzyme is a solution of complex organic substances produced from the fermentation of organic residues, sugar, and water. Nanobubbles (NBs) are an example of nanotechnology. NBs have a diameter of 1-100 nm and are nanoscopic gas bubbles in a solution or water that can change the characteristics of water and are stable. This study aims to determine the potential of giving Ecoenzyme and NBs N2 on the growth of Phalaenopsis orchids during the acclimatization stage. This research was conducted from October to December 2022 at the Orchidology and Nursery Laboratory, Islamic University of Malang. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely 0 mL/L (control), 1 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 2 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 3 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 4 mL/L Ecoenzyme, 4 combination NBs N2 and Ecoenzymes, and 5 mL NBs N2 with 3 replications, making a total of 30 treatment units. The research parameters included the number of leaves, leaf length, number of roots, root length, plant height, fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The results of this study showed that the treatment of 3 mL/L Ecoenzyme showed potential in increasing the number of leaves by 4 pieces: at the same time the optimal concentration of the combination of Ecoenzyme and NBs was 2 mL/L plus 5 mL NBs N2 in increasing the number of roots by 10 pieces, and the optimal concentration of NBs was 5 mL in increasing the root length by 7.07 cm, plant height by 17.10 cm leaf. length, plant weight by 4.16 g and dry weight by 0.85 g in Phalaenopsis orchids.

Relationship Between Multimorbidity, Nutritional Status and Duration of ARV Treatment to Major Signs of HIV at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can have better health outcomes with early identification of the AIDS phase. In the first three years, PLWHA may progress to the AIDS stage. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between multimorbidity, nutritional status and duration of Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment on major signs of PLWHA. This study was conducted in the Intermediate and Infectious Disease Treatment Unit (UPIPI) at regional public hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from January to February 2023. As many as 52 PLWHA who started HIV treatment at RSUD Dr. Soetomo in 2020 to 2021 were sampled in this study, which was obtained from medical records. The dependent variable in this study was the major sign of HIV. Independent variables in this study were multimorbidity, nutritional status, and the duration of ARV treatment. This study found that 76.9% of PLWHA experienced major signs. Multimorbidity and duration of ARV treatment did not have an association with major signs of HIV (<em>p</em>-value > 0.05). Nutritional status has a significant association with major clinical symptoms of HIV (<em>p</em>-value < 0.05). PLWHA with underweight had higher odds of having a major sign (<em>p</em>-value = 0.017; PR = 1.507; 95% CI 1.131-2.008) than PLWHA with normal nutritional status. Thereby, it is hoped that the hospital will be assisted in determining health promotion needs such as screening and evaluation of nutritional status to monitor the nutritional status of patients, which will improve their health outcomes.

Field Approach on the Effectiveness of Hydraulic Flocculator Followed By Sedimentation and Rapid Sand Filter

This research investigates the effectiveness of a hydraulic flocculator at the Kalanki Groundwater Treatment Project-Sipradi in Kalanki-Kathmandu. Hydraulic flocculation is a cost-effective alternative to mechanical flocculation, particularly beneficial for developing nations. The study involved determining the optimal Poly Aluminium Chloride (PACl) dosage through Jar Testing and assessing the flocculator's efficiency in the field with this dose. The research also analyzed other treatment units under various PACl doses to evaluate the Water Treatment Plant's operational conditions and the required PACl dose for efficient turbidity removal. The system included components like a deep well source, V-Notch weir tank, hydraulic flocculator, sedimentation tank, rapid sand filter (RSF), chlorinator, and clear water reservoir, with a 16-minute flocculator detention time. Baffle walls were strategically positioned at various intervals on-site. The study revealed that while sedimentation with coagulation achieved peak efficiency at a PACl dose of 80mg/l, it was less efficient than a 16-minute jar detention, likely due to sedimentation tank short-circuiting. Increasing the PACl dose from 20 mg/l to 80 mg/l improved overall unit efficiency, indicating the need for more mixing energy in the existing flocculator length for optimal results. The filter unit's efficiency remained consistent, whether with or without coagulation, at 57.69% and 54.10%, respectively. These results emphasize the importance of further investigation to enhance water treatment processes and coagulant dosages for improved effectiveness in this critical field.

Human health risk assessment and uncertainty analysis of silver nanoparticles in water.

Despite frequent detection in environmental waters, literature which quantifies the health risk of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through oral ingestion is scarce. This study compiled literature data to find the removal of Ag NPs from different treatment schemes (i.e., natural, engineered, or hybrid). Ag NP concentrations were found either in surface water or in groundwater based on where the effluent of treatment schemes was discharged, i.e.,either in surface water or in groundwater. Monte-Carlo simulation was carried out for probabilistic assessment of health risks for children for two hypothetical exposure scenarios: (a) ingesting river water while swimming and (b) drinking groundwater. Bio-accessible fraction, dietary metal adsorption factor, and concentrations of silver ions were incorporated to simulate realistic situations. Different treatment schemes were ranked for their nanoparticles' removal efficiency with respect to (i) exceedance probability from guideline value and (ii) health risk to children. Hybrid treatment combinations, i.e., conventional primary and secondary treatment units followed by nature-based units (constructed wetlands and soil aquifer treatment), were ranked the best. The health risk value was found to be less than 1, with the 99th percentile value less than 10-3 in all cases. The maximum allowable concentration of Ag NPs was found to be as low as 1.43 mg/L for groundwater, suggesting probable potential for risk. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the uncertainty of the influent NPs concentration in raw wastewater contributes > 99% to the variance of the hazard index. The results of this work indicate that the use of natural treatment technologies with existing engineered treatments provides higher nanoparticle removal from wastewater without the requirement of any tertiary treatment unit.

The Efficiency of Biological Treatment Plants in Some Private Hospitals in the City of Basra, Iraq

This study aimed revealing the qualitative characteristics of medical wastewater in large health institutions and its potential effects on freshwater rivers. Due to the lack of studies in this field, the research focused on the current treatment reality in two private hospitals, Al-Saadi and Al-Mawaddah. The objectives were to assess the liquid waste management, detect the efficiency of treatment units, evaluate the handling of liquid medical waste on fresh waterways, and compare the results with the required treatment levels. The study analyzed water properties from the sewage systems of the targeted hospitals. Samples were collected in 2022 from direct sources of discharged water and the treatment plant before mixing with public sewage. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, including pH, suspended solids, oxygen demand, nitrates, and phosphates, were measured before and after treatment. The highest removal efficiency was observed in the chemical and biological oxygen demand values, recorded at 83.73% and 84.39% for Al-Saadi Hospital, and 89.99% and 87.89% for Al-Mawaddah Hospital.

Operational analysis of the biological treatment unit's ultraviolet-wave disinfection method for wastewater outflow

Wastewater can be contaminated with all kinds of microorganisms and small organisms, including bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Therefore, it can be said that biological pollution is one of the most dangerous pollutions. These types of pollution can endanger human health and the environment. In this study, industrial wastewater disinfection has been investigated in a laboratory pilot. In this study, ultraviolet waves have been used for wastewater disinfection. In this research, treatment indicators such as wastewater pH, phosphate, nitrate, biological oxygen and chemical oxygen, organic carbon, and wastewater turbidity have been investigated. The results of this research show that if 4.5 g of dry ice is added to the wastewater entering the disinfection unit, the pH of the wastewater will decrease to about 7.9. The results presented from the disinfection unit show that the amount of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand have decreased by about 35% and 20.3%, respectively. The results of this unit show that the amount of phosphate and nitrate has decreased by 61.3 and 71.9%, respectively. Laboratory results show that the TDS of wastewater has decreased from 600 to 451 mg/l.

Management of Perforated Sigmoid Diverticulitis with Associated Retroperitoneal Abscess and Generalized Peritonitis

Introduction: Diverticulitis represents a relatively common pathology within the gastrointestinal tract. While diverticula can occur throughout the digestive system, their prevalence is notably higher in the left colon, particularly in the sigmoid region. This condition predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly males. The most effective diagnostic methods for this disease are colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) with contrast. Although severe complications of diverticulitis are infrequent, the optimal classification of these complications has been described by Hinchey.
 The article aims to show the case of a young patient with complicated diverticulitis with perforation and generalized peritonitis, classified as stage III-IV, according to Hinchey.
 Case report: A 43-year-old female patient was urgently admitted to the General Surgery Clinic at Tetovo Clinical Hospital, presenting with severe generalized abdominal pain and signs of peritoneal irritation. Comprehensive diagnostic imaging revealed a large retroperitoneal abscess located above the psoas muscle, accompanied by a significant accumulation of free fluid, suspected to be pus, in the abdominal cavity. Following initial resuscitation, surgical intervention was undertaken. Intraoperative findings included advanced inflammatory changes in the sigmoid colon, characterized by thickened fibrotic walls and a partially constricted lumen. A large abscess was also identified in the retroperitoneal space between the spleen and left kidney. Given these findings, resectioning the distal descending colon and most of the sigmoid colon was considered necessary. The retroperitoneal abscess was incised, its contents aspirated, and a thorough cavity debridement was performed. Subsequently, the Hartmann procedure was executed. Postoperatively, due to the patient's deteriorating condition, she was transferred to the intensive care unit for continued treatment. The patient was discharged from the hospital in stable condition on the tenth day following the surgery.
 Conclusion: While complications from sigmoid diverticula are uncommon, they can occasionally be extremely severe and pose a significant risk to patient survival.

Détermination des facteurs d’émission de GES à travers l’ACV dans les unités d’enfouissement, de compostage et de recyclage du CTVD de Ouagadougou

This study is a contribution to the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector in developing countries, especially through the determination of specific emission factors. The purpose is to determine the greenhouse gas emission factors of the various waste treatment units at the waste treatment and recovery centre in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) using the Life Cycle Analysis method. The emission factors were evaluated and then reduced to an equivalent CO2 emission per tonne of waste. The results show that landfill has the highest emission factors, with values ranging from 751.19 to 1,818.6 kg CO2 eq/tonne of waste for direct emissions, depending on whether or not sequestered carbon is taken into account, and from 7.24 to 1.31 kg CO2 eq/tonne for indirect emissions. Composting and plastic recovery units have negative EFs over their entire life cycle (-69.69 and -1736.65 Kg CO2 eq/tonne), thus contributing to net greenhouse gas savings. This study is the first of its kind to provide data that can be used for national accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector

Slight easing of labor market allows hospital to reopen mental health unit

A central Massachusetts acute‐care hospital is gradually reopening a mental health treatment unit that has been shuttered since fall 2021. The hospital's chief executive told MHW that there has been some easing of a hiring crisis that had forced the mental health unit's closure during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Prescribed burning mitigates the severity of subsequent wildfires in Mediterranean shrublands

BackgroundPrescribed burning (PB) is becoming relevant in fuel reduction and thus fire hazard abatement in fire-prone ecosystems of southern Europe. Yet, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this practice to mitigate wildfire severity in Mediterranean shrublands is non-existent, despite being the focus of PB efforts in this region. Here, we intended to quantify the protective effect of PB treatment units (2005–2021) to subsequent wildfire severity in shrublands across mainland Portugal, as well as the relative contribution and complex interactions between drivers of wildfire severity in PB-treated areas and untreated neighboring counterparts through Random Forest regression. We leveraged cloud-computing remote sensing data processing in Google Earth Engine to estimate fire severity (PB and wildfire) as the Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) using Landsat data catalog.ResultsPB treatment was particularly effective at mitigating wildfire severity at the first PB-wildfire encounter in shrublands, with a mean reduction of around 24% in RBR units. Fuel age (i.e., time since prescribed burning) in PB-wildfire intersection areas overwhelmed to a large extent the effect of fire weather, burning probability, and PB severity. The mitigating effect of PB on wildfire severity persisted for a fuel age of around 5 years. However, this effect decreased with increasingly adverse fire weather conditions, such that variation in wildfire severity was somewhat insensitive to fuel age under extreme fire weather. Similarly, the lowest wildfire severity experienced in sites with high burning probability, along with the interaction effect observed between burning probability and fuel age, suggest that repeated PB treatments may be useful in controlling fuel accumulation and mitigating wildfire severity. The relative contribution of fire weather in explaining wildfire severity was exceedingly high in untreated areas, doubling that of the other variables in the model in the absence of PB treatment variables.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the implementation of PB treatments at intervals of less than 5 years is of paramount importance to control fuel build-up and fire hazard under extreme fire weather in productive Mediterranean shrublands. Further research on this topic is warranted in other shrublands worldwide, namely in Mediterranean-type climate regions.

MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER IN SRI LANKA

Cancer, a complex and devastating disease, poses a major global health challenge, affecting millions of lives each year. Sri Lanka, a vibrant island nation in South Asia, is no exception to this widespread cancer rate. Cancer management in Sri Lanka requires a comprehensive understanding of the burden, prevalence, and efforts to combat the disease. This article delves into the current state of cancer in Sri Lanka, looking at prevalence and incidence, availability of screening and early detection programs, different treatment modalities, challenges knowledge faced in cancer management, government initiatives, and policies, the importance of supportive care and rehabilitation, as well as future directions and advances in cancer management. By exploring these aspects, we can better understand the efforts and strategies used to manage cancer in Sri Lanka and lay the foundation for improved cancer care and control in this country. Here, research will be carried out primarily in collaboration with the Sri Lankan Ministry of Health, the Sri Lankan oncological Department, the Sri Lankan National Hospital for Cancers, and the Office of the Ministry of Health. As Sri Lanka is a third-world developing country, treatment options for cancer patients are very limited. I intend to expand medical services in Sri Lanka's cancer hospitals. Therefore, we can educate society about preventive medicine as a preventive measure. Frequent screening tests should be performed, especially for people in risk categories. This research work focused on preventive health measures and improvements in breast cancer medical unit facilities and treatment units.

Our Treatment Experience in Poisoning With Calcium Channel Blockers: A Series of Twelve Cases

Background: Intoxications with cardiovascular system drugs constitute a small percentage of all poisoning cases. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are the most common drug poisoning in this group. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for CCB poisoning and add to the current body of literature by outlining the clinical treatments we employ for bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, and resistant vasodilation resulting from CCB poisoning, as well as sharing our clinical insights in this field. Methods: Twelve patients, ranging in age from 1 month to 18 years, were admitted to the Tertiary Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for treatment of medication poisoning related to the CCB group. Patients who ingested several drugs that caused CCB were not allowed to participate in the trial. Results: Twelve patients were followed up in the PICU due to poisoning with CCB group drugs. Of the patients, 7 were male and 5 were female. Five of the patients had taken CCB medication with the purpose of committing suicide, and 7 of them accidentally. All of the patients who received CCB to commit suicide had taken verapamil. Five patients whose hypotension and bradycardia continued were administered inotropes. In addition to PI, calcium gluconate, intravenous lipid, glucagon, insulin, bicarbonate, and methylene blue were given as therapy to our symptomatic patients. Plasmapheresis was applied to a patient who was hospitalized in the PICU due to a sudden loss of consciousness. Conclusions: In the management of patients with CCB poisoning, the use of hyperinsulinemia euglycemia, intravenous lipid emulsion treatment, glucagon treatments, and treatments including methylene blue and extracorporeal life support should be considered in cases of resistant hypotension, bradycardia, and coma in the early period.

Investigation of Key Technologies for Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in Chongqing Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Carbon Emission Reduction Contribution

<p>In this paper, based on the factors of treatment process, treatment scale, as well as water quality, the level and distribution of electricity consumption, drug consumption, and indirect carbon emission of five typical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were examined. The distribution of electricity consumption within the WWTPs were analyzed in terms of wastewater treatment units. The results uncovered that the biological treatment unit was the treatment unit with a high percentage of electricity consumption in the WWTPs. Carbon emissions of main units in the WWTPs presented that the aeration blower, sewage lifting pump, submersible pusher, phosphorus remover and return sludge pump of the biological treatment unit were the top 5 emission units of carbon emissions in the WWTPs, and the key influencing factors of the carbon emissions of the main carbon emission units had been analyzed. Combined with the current situation of sewage treatment energy consumption in Chongqing, the analysis put forward a library of energy saving and consumption reduction measures for Chongqing WWTPs, which applied them to the sewage treatment plant A energy saving and consumption reduction renovation project.</p>

Advanced-stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis and its associated factors among adult cancer patients at Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2022

IntroductionScreening of cancer is the maximum effort and critical element for providing health related care in order to decrease cancer related dealt because of the disease burden is in its advanced stages. Unfortunately, advanced-stage presentation and late diagnosis of cancers endure a problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. However, there is scarcity of published articles about the problem in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of advanced-stage -stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis and associated factors among adult cancer patients at Northwest Amhara comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, oncology treatment units, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsAn institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Northwest Amhara public referral hospitals on 422 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was performed. The data were collected through face to face interview and document review via structured, pretested questionnaires. Epi. Data version 4.6 and Stata version 14.0 software’s were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Logistic regression were carried out to recognize factors associated with advanced-stage -stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to measure the strength of association. Variables having p-value less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis were entered in to multivariable analysis; variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared significantly associated with advanced-stage -stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of advanced-stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis was found to be 67.57%. Age ≥ 60 years old patients (AOR = 6.10, 95%: (1.16–32.1)), patients had have a feeling of burden (AOR = 1.82, 95%, CI: (1.04–3.20)), and cancer patients with comorbidity illness (AOR = 2.40, 95%, CI: (1.40–4.12)) were significantly associated with advanced-stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis.ConclusionThe prevalence of advanced-stage presentation of cancer at the time of diagnosis was found to be high. Its better, health care providers in oncology treatment facilities need to give special attention to older patients, having feeling of burden and cancer patient with comorbidity to reduce the risk of developing late stage presentation of cancer.