Treatment Of Textile Materials Research Articles

METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES. PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE MATERIALS TREATED WITH TiO2 NANOPARTICLES

In recent decades, interest in oxide nanomaterials with multifunctional properties has grown significantly. Titanium dioxide undoubtedly belongs to them, characterized by exceptional photocatalytic activity, non-toxicity, high availability, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and low cost. The treatment of textile materials with TiO2 nanoparticles is relatively simple, but the insufficient bonding efficiency between certain fibers and TiO 2 nanoparticles creates a problem regarding the stability and durability of the nanocomposites. In this study, an attempt was made to improve the properties of cotton modified with gelatin hydrogel, which was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, and incorporated titanium nanoparticles. Three modification methods were applied, varying the mixing regimes of the components and the conditions. The composite materials were investigated via SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis.For the first time, titanium nanoparticles obtained by the reduction of TiO2 with oxalic acid were used to modify cotton. Cotton samples were modified with gelatin hydrogel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to increase the active groups of cellulose fibers that bind to Ti ions. Using the hydrogel, the nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of the textile substrate. The elemental analysis shows the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Lines for Ti atoms appear, which is evidence that the particles retain their composition after immobilization. Microscopic analyzes showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were distributed unevenly in the cotton matrix. In the UV analysis, the appearance of a new absorption at 890 cm-1 was observed due to the attachment of Ti-NPs. The appearance of the IR peak at 878 cm-1 confirms the formation of chelate complexes of the nanoparticles in the composite material.

Antibacterial finishing of textile materials using modified bentonite

AbstractDirect application of heavy metals as antibacterial agents can cause skin irritations and discoloration of the tissue and it can result in short-term applicability. One of the ways to solve these problems is to immobilize these agents on bentonite. Treatment of textile materials with such activated bentonite for use in various branches of industry has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The objective of the present study was to develop a potential use of Cu- and Zn-modified bentonites as antibacterial finishing agents for two textile materials, non-woven textile (NT) and knitted fabric (PL). The bentonite samples were characterized using ED-XRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), and BET (N2 adsorption-desorption) analyses. SiO2 and Al2O3 oxides were the main components of all bentonite samples indicated by ED-XRF analysis, while the XRPD analysis confirmed that the natural bentonite (NB) consisted of montmorillonite (Mnt) as the dominant mineral (peaks at 6.94, 19.94, 35.09, and 54.09°2θ) and small amounts of quartz and calcite. A reduction in the basal plane spacing, d001, of Mnt occurred in Cu/Zn-B1, Cu/Zn-B3, and CuB, while in Cu/Zn-B2 and ZnB the basal spacing increased. Also, the size and form of particles and porosity changed, which was confirmed by the BET analysis. Modified bentonite samples experienced a reduction in the specific surface area and total pore volume, as well as movement of the middle mesopore diameter toward the larger diameters. The Zn-modified bentonite demonstrated a greater antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus than Cu- and Na-modified bentonite samples with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 0.94 mg/mL, while among Cu/Zn bentonite samples, Cu/Zn-B2 had the strongest antibacterial effect (MIC 0.47 mg/mL). Cu/Zn-B2 was integrated on NT and PL using a screen printing method and showed good antibacterial activity. The printed NT showed better activity than printed PL, and increasing the concentration of applied Cu/Zn-B2 also increased the antibacterial properties.

Antibacterial textiles which impregnated silver nanoparticles prepared via green synthesis by Fusarium oxysporum BNT-02

Silver nanoparticles can be prepared by using a microorganism. The objectives of the study were to determine the ability of Fusarium oxysporum BNT-02 in reducing silver nitrate solution to silver nanoparticles, to evaluate the effect of variations in treatment of textile materials toward antibacterial activity of textile materials impregnated with silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. In this study, silver nanoparticle were obtained by reducing the AgNO3 solution by F.oxysporum BNT-02. Coating of silver nanoparticles on textile materials was carried out by inserting sterile textile material into silver nanoparticle and shaking then drying. The textile material modified with silver nanoparticles was characterized for antibacterial activity against S.aureus ATCC 25924 and E.coli ATCC 35218. The inhibition zone to determine antibacterial activity was observed every 6 hours for 48 hours of incubation time. The inhibition zone data was analyzed using ANCOVA and t-test. The results showed that F.oxysporum BNT-02 can be used as a reducing agent for producing silver nanoparticles. The textile material coated with silver nanoparticles had antibacterial properties against S. aureus ATCC 25924 and E. coli ATCC 35218. Antibacterial activity of textile materials coated with silver nanoparticles on S.aureus ATCC 25924 showed a larger inhibition zone than E.coli ATCC 35218.

Innovative Approach to the Creation of Textile Materials with Antimicrobial Properties

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a constant search for more advanced and environmentally friendlymeans for antimicrobial treatment of cellulose-containing tissues of various intended uses in the textile industry.Problem Statement. The problem of protection of textile materials and products from microbiological destruction is complex and multifaceted and needs to be solved. Today, one of the methods of protection is to provide textile materials with biocidal properties, which not only prevents the growth of bacteria, but can also ensure a high level of tissue safety. Therefore, we are faced with the task of finding new safe biocidal products.Purpose. The research has been made to determine the level of safety of textile materials treated by biocidalsubstances with the thiosulfonate structure including Ethylthiosulfanilate, Methylthiosulfanilate and Allylthiosulfanilate.Materials and Methods. The fabrics of different chemical composition were used in the study, designed for themanufacture of overalls. New preparations of thiosulfonate structure were chosen for impregnation: ethylthiosulfanilate (ETS), methylthiosulfanilate (MTS) and allylthiosulfanilate (ATS). The presence of heavy metals and pesticides was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with the use of a ZEENIT 650P spectrometer (Germany).Results. It has been established that the detected level of heavy metals and pesticides in the studied textile materials is insignificant and is within the regulatory requirements. It has been confirmed that the studied biocidal substances are low-toxic and environmentally friendly, because before and after treatment they did not change the hygienic parameters of tissues. A method for imparting biocidal properties to textile materials for the manufacture of overalls, in particular by impregnating textile materials with an alcoholic solution of biocidal products, has been developed. Also due to this treatment, the water absorption of materials decreases by an average of 40%.Conclusions. The treatment of textile materials with biocidal preparations of the thiosulfonate structure allowsobtaining simultaneously two desired effects for these fabrics: the appropriate bioresistance and water resistance.

Superhydrophobic textile: treatment in aqueous solutions of aluminum salts

Textile is currently a promising material. Obtaining hydrophobic surfaces on textiles significantly increases its value when used in various fields. In this work we carried out experiments on textile processing. Treatment of textile materials in solutions containing aluminum allows to obtain a superhydrophobic surface. KAl(SO4)2 and AlCl3 solutions were used. It was found that treatment in AlCl3 solution is more effective and allows to achieve a hydrophobic surface on textile with a contact angle of more than 150o. The hydrophobic surface retained its properties even after 30 days of air storage and after scraping and crumpling of samples. Textile samples were investigated using X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed hydrophobicity in the treatment of textile materials is ensured by the formation of aluminum oxide on the surface. The dependence of the coarse calico contact angle on the AlCl3 solution concentration is determined. which demonstrates that when the concentration of AlCl3 solution increases (within the limits of variation considered), the contact angle also increases.

Development of the composition for biosecurity of textile materials

This work provides for the development of a new composite composition based on substances such as copper sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, benzoin and salicylic acid, intended for the biosecurity of cotton and combined fabrics. The advantages of using a new composite composition are the availability of the drugs used, as well as the simplicity of the technological process. This effective composite compound, developed for antimicrobial treatment of textile materials, is relatively cheap, environmentally safe, and resistant to wet processing. According to the results of the study, it was found that the cotton and combined fabrics presented by the compositions have good antimicrobial properties, as well as are resistant to the effects of microorganisms during consumption.

Study of fireproof properties of textile materials safe when in contact with human skin

The methods of surface fire retardant treatment of textile materials (TM) and the chemical basis of the fire retardants used are considered. The possibility of developing a fire retardant composition for tissues that would not adversely affect the human skin upon contact has been studied. To determine the degree of danger of contact and of the penetration of chemicals through skin in contact with the fireproof TM, special studies were conducted to study the local irritating effect and resorption of the composition according to special developed laboratory methodological instructions. As the result the evidence was found that the irritating effect of the fire retardant composition developed on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was not detected. Comparative thermo analytical studies showing the effectiveness of the fire retardant action of the composition developed on the main stage of thermal decomposition of cellulose-containing TM are presented. Thus, the development of a fire retardant composition based on phosphorus-containing compounds and urea compounds and the selection of the optimum ratio of stabilizers for the processing of decorative and finishing fabrics with safe contact with human skin can be one of the effective ways to solve the problem under consideration.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT COMPOSITION SELECTION FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS

Introduction. In order to reduce the fire hazard of textile materials (TM), scientific research is being carried out for the development of various methods of their fire protection. One of the directions in the field of decorative finishing TM with reduced flammability is their surface treatment with fire retardant compositions. Along with the development of fire retardants for TM, it is quite legitimate to study the effects of tissue on human skin, when in contact.Methods. At the stage of development of fire retardant compositions for surface treatment and the choice of the technology of their application, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the TM, the scope of application and operational requirements.Discussion. In developing a fire retardant composition for surface treatment of TM that are in contact with human skin, the authors proposed the use of a number of phosphorus-containing compounds, which are effective fire retardants. However, a significant disadvantage of such compounds is their instability, decomposition and dissociation over time, which leads to irritation of the skin in direct contact with the material. Therefore, research has been carried out and optimal chemical compositions of stabilizers, buffer solutions and their ratios in the fire retardant have been selected. Their use for surface treatment of TM on acellulosic basis makes the TM resistant to ignition and does not adversely affect the skin of a person in direct contact.Conclusions. Based on the experimental data obtained, it follows that one of the possible ways to solve the problem of developing effective fire protection means that meet the requirements of normative documents in the field of fire safety and sanitary hygiene may be modification of compounds based on carbamide compounds with the selection of appropriate stabilizers and buffer solutions.

Nanomodified textile materials with biocidal properties: Development and pilot testing of manufacturing technology

The results of a study aimed at developing a method and technology for modifying textile materials with nanosized silver particles have been presented. The preparation of silver hydrosol and some of its properties when used as a working solution, as well as the stages of studying the interaction of ions and nanosized silver particles with model dyes and textile materials stained with their use, have been described. Generalized data on the development of the norms of technological regimes for the treatment of textile materials of various types with a nanomodifying solution based on the results of the performed studies, as well as the examples of the testing of the developed technologies on a pilot scale, have been presented.

Developing compositions based on nanoparticles for final treatment of textile materials

The study is aimed at developing a stable composition based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide, which may be used for final treatment of cotton and polyester textile materials in the processes of industrial and household washing of textile products in order to improve their properties (hydroscopicity, moisture yielding capacity, moisture absorption, humidity, water vapor permeability and soiling). As a result of the performed studies, four compositions based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide were formed. The main advantages of the developed compositions are: a significant increase in indices of the properties of textile materials with different fiber composition after treatment; all the experiments were conducted at room temperature and low module processing, which indicates energy efficiency while using the developed compositions. Stabilizing properties of surfactants and polymers were revealed, the expediency of their joint use with the purpose of increasing the sedimentation and aggregation stability of the suspensions based on silicon dioxide was substantiated. Applying the methods of mathematical planning with the use of simplex centroid plan for q=3, compiled with relation to pseudo­components, allowed assessing the changes in properties in a limited area of composition components content: polymer from 0 g/l to 10 g/l, SAS from 0 g/l to 5 g/l, nanodimensional silicon dioxide of less than 10 g/l. We managed to optimize the ratio between components of the compositions using the Harrington function of desirability for maximum enhancement of properties of hydroscopicity, moisture yielding capacity, moisture absorption, water vapor permeability, humidity and soiling of the studied textile materials. The assessment of sedimentation and aggregation resistance of the developed composition formulations was carried out and the compositions were obtained, the percentage content of nanoparticles in fractions in relation to the initial content of nanoparticles increases. In the bicomponent suspension, 17.1 % of nanoparticles remain in the solution, and with adding a mixture of stabilizers their amount increases by 11.5 % for composition No. 1, by 17,1 % for composition No. 2, by 16.5 % for composition No. 3, and by 6,24 % for composition No. 4. These results indicate the existence of features of monodispersity of compositions based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide. Characteristics of the compositions change by 1–3 % as a result of their redispersion after stilling for 30 days. Negative impact of using compositions on the environment was studied by analyzing the waste solution as for the amount of surfactants. It was found that more than half of silicon dioxide remains in the waste solution. The solution to the problem of avoiding the above mentioned negative phenomena by reusing sediment was formulated. However, no specific conclusions regarding the recommendation of one of the four studied compositions were made. The results of the research may be implemented in the production of textile materials. The composition may be used as a preparation for the final treatment of textile materials with the aim of improving their marketing prospects and consumer properties. It is possible to use the developed compositions at enterprises of household services (laundries) and for individual home washing. In these cases, the use of the composition as a conditioner for rinsing is implied.

Generation of redox systems by fiber materials on the reduction of vat and sulfur dyes: Research and practical implementation

An essential part of the processes of refinement of textile materials from natural cellulose fiber is based on redox reactions of the components of process solutions both with admixtures in the fiber and with cellulose. The reducing agents involved in these processes are used in the alkaline treatment of textile materials as antioxidants whose function is to prevent oxidative destruction of cellulose; reducing agents are also introduced into vat or sulfur dye compositions to convert these insoluble dyes into soluble leuco compounds.

Research on adhesive joints of textile materials modified by flux of high-frequency low-pressure plasma

This work presents the results of treatment of textile materials used in fabrication of clothes by means of flux of high-frequency low pressure capacity discharge. It was shown that such treatment allows increasing the adhesive strength of thermal-fused spacing materials to the main material upon humid-thermal treatment of parts of garments and improving the quality of clothes.

Wetting Properties of Hemp Fibres Modified by Plasma Treatment

The influence of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on the physico-chemical properties of hemp fibres was studied in this paper. Plasma-modification of hemp fibres was performed at atmospheric pressure. The source of the DBD was developed in the Quantum Optics Laboratory of the Faculty of Physics in Belgrade as a device prototype with plane-parallel geometry, for the continuous plasma-modification or treatment of textile materials. The capillary rise method was applied to evaluate the improvement in water uptake of the DBD treated hemp fibres. The plasmamodified hemp fibres have highly improved wetting properties without changing physico-mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation).

Synthesis of polymeric peroxides and their use in finishing treatment of textile materials

A polymeric peroxide was prepared by the reaction of α-chloroethyl tert-butyl peroxide with polyvinyl alcohol. Procedures for modification of wool and polycaproamide textile materials with this peroxide were suggested.

Biopolymer chitosan: Properties, interactions and its use in the treatment of textiles

The biopolymer chitosan is obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, after cellulose. It is becoming an increasingly important biopolymer because it offers unique physico-chemical and biological properties. Due to its solubility, chitosan allows processing from aqueous solutions. This review provides information on important chitosan properties, as well as on some interactions that are of special interest for chitosan application. It summarizes some of the most important developments in the use of chitosan in the treatment of textile materials. Special emphasis is given to improved dyeing properties of the textile material treated with chitosan.

The Treatment of Textile Materials in Air Plasma

The effect of treatment in an air glow-discharge plasma on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film and fabric with different specific surface areas was examined. The rates of mass loss, oxygen uptake, and evolution of gaseous products (CO2 СО, H2O, H2) were measured over the pressure range 50–200 Pa at a sample temperature of 357 K. It was found that textiles with different textures had different specific etching rates. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.