Abstract
The study is aimed at developing a stable composition based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide, which may be used for final treatment of cotton and polyester textile materials in the processes of industrial and household washing of textile products in order to improve their properties (hydroscopicity, moisture yielding capacity, moisture absorption, humidity, water vapor permeability and soiling). As a result of the performed studies, four compositions based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide were formed. The main advantages of the developed compositions are: a significant increase in indices of the properties of textile materials with different fiber composition after treatment; all the experiments were conducted at room temperature and low module processing, which indicates energy efficiency while using the developed compositions. Stabilizing properties of surfactants and polymers were revealed, the expediency of their joint use with the purpose of increasing the sedimentation and aggregation stability of the suspensions based on silicon dioxide was substantiated. Applying the methods of mathematical planning with the use of simplex centroid plan for q=3, compiled with relation to pseudocomponents, allowed assessing the changes in properties in a limited area of composition components content: polymer from 0 g/l to 10 g/l, SAS from 0 g/l to 5 g/l, nanodimensional silicon dioxide of less than 10 g/l. We managed to optimize the ratio between components of the compositions using the Harrington function of desirability for maximum enhancement of properties of hydroscopicity, moisture yielding capacity, moisture absorption, water vapor permeability, humidity and soiling of the studied textile materials. The assessment of sedimentation and aggregation resistance of the developed composition formulations was carried out and the compositions were obtained, the percentage content of nanoparticles in fractions in relation to the initial content of nanoparticles increases. In the bicomponent suspension, 17.1 % of nanoparticles remain in the solution, and with adding a mixture of stabilizers their amount increases by 11.5 % for composition No. 1, by 17,1 % for composition No. 2, by 16.5 % for composition No. 3, and by 6,24 % for composition No. 4. These results indicate the existence of features of monodispersity of compositions based on nanodimensional silicon dioxide. Characteristics of the compositions change by 1–3 % as a result of their redispersion after stilling for 30 days. Negative impact of using compositions on the environment was studied by analyzing the waste solution as for the amount of surfactants. It was found that more than half of silicon dioxide remains in the waste solution. The solution to the problem of avoiding the above mentioned negative phenomena by reusing sediment was formulated. However, no specific conclusions regarding the recommendation of one of the four studied compositions were made. The results of the research may be implemented in the production of textile materials. The composition may be used as a preparation for the final treatment of textile materials with the aim of improving their marketing prospects and consumer properties. It is possible to use the developed compositions at enterprises of household services (laundries) and for individual home washing. In these cases, the use of the composition as a conditioner for rinsing is implied.
Highlights
At present, many countries of the world, including Ukraine, face the problem of deterioration of socio-economic and environmental conditions, which affect the health of people
The best result according to the dimensions of particles and colloids, which is observed with the use of colloids with dicarboximetylcellulose (CMC) stabilizer, the majority are formed in suspensions with adding polymers as sta- of agglomerates lie in the dimension range from 80 nm to bilizing components: polyvinylacetate dispersion (PVA), 100 nm
The curves sess the further impact on the textile material, the following of dependencies of equivalent radii of colloidal particles compositions were chosen: on the depth of the fraction sampling for the CMC and Composition No 1 – silicon dioxide:cationic SAS:PVA
Summary
Many countries of the world, including Ukraine, face the problem of deterioration of socio-economic and environmental conditions, which affect the health of people. Modern society has certain requirements for the quality of textile materials and their products, the basis of which concerns safety, hygiene and functionality. Under such conditions, developing and expanding textile production in Ukraine is impossible without improving competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. Solving these problems mainly depends on the use of modern, progressive, economically and environmentally effective technologies of finishing, which include application of new high quality preparations, capable to provide textile materials and their products with a complex of high consumer properties. Given the trends of textile market and scientific interest, the promising direction of development is modification of the surface of fiber and fabrics with nanoparticles in the process of final treatment and in the use of ready-made clothes, as well as the need for the formulation of technology of finishing textile materials with the use of nanoparticles by improving classical technologies of textile production
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