Treatment Of Textile Industry Effluents Research Articles

Benchmarking of key performance factors in textile industry effluent treatment processes for enhanced environmental remediation

This article presents a comprehensive benchmarking analysis of merit performance factors in the Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) of the textile industry. The study aims to identify and evaluate key factors that contribute to the efficient operation and performance of ETPs. The performance of ETP was analyzed by valuable data gained from figures of PH, Dissolved oxygen, Dissolved solids, Suspended solids, Density, COD and BOD. The technical trends showed the deviations in the working conditions of Effluent Treatment Plant by variation in temperature. This variation is achieved by varying the settling time of wastewater in the sedimentation tank during the working process. The required dosing, plant efficiency and economic factors were taken into account. The Plant efficiency was determined to be 83.5% at normal conditions of water entering at temperature of 30°C and pressure of 1 atm along with addition of coagulants and flocculants in the wastewater. While the efficiency of the ETP plant was calculated about 88% using a Compact photometer at elevated conditions of temperature such as > 45°C, while at other temperatures the efficiency decreases significantly due to several reasons. The operating time of water treatment was decreased due to the variations in temperature of wastewater while other conditions kept constant like pressure, flow rates of water and chemicals (Polyacrylamide and Polymeric Ferric Sulfate). The usage of coagulants and flocculants at optimum conditions has been discussed in this study.

Treatment of textile industry effluents with up‐flow anaerobic sulfidogenic reactor

AbstractBACKGROUNDDyes present in textile wastewater can pose various environmental problems, including toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, when released into receiving environments. Sulfidogenic bacteria play a crucial role in wastewater treatment by reducing sulfate and producing sulfide through the utilization of organic compounds in water. The resulting sulfide often transfers its electrons to another electron acceptor. This study focused on the treatment of real textile wastewater using an up‐flow sulfidogenic column bioreactor.RESULTSThe reactor was acclimated to sulfate‐reducing conditions when influent chemical oxygen demand and sulfate concentrations were 1742 and 2000 mg L−1, respectively. Subsequently, a gradual transition was made from sulfate‐reducing conditions to dye‐reducing conditions. Throughout the study, the hydraulic retention time was maintained at 1 day.CONCLUSIONThe influent dye concentration was 2722 Pt‐Co, and an impressive dye removal efficiency of approximately 90 ± 2% was achieved. This corresponds to a removal rate of 2450 Pt‐Co L−1 day−1. Although the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased in the last period, investigating the extent to which this sulfide participates in the dye removal may expand the use of sulfidogenic reactors in the treatment of real textile industry wastewater. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Revealing the interface chemistry of polyaniline grafted biomass via statistical modeling of multi-component dye systems: optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and adsorption mechanism.

The growing need to examine the adsorption capabilities of innovative materials in real-world water samples has encouraged a shift from single to multicomponent adsorption systems. In this study, a novel composite, PANI-g-SM was synthesized by covalently grafting a lignocellulosic biomass, Saccharum munja (SM) with polyaniline (PANI). The as-synthesized composite was investigated for the simultaneous adsorption of cationic (Methylene Blue (MB); Crystal Violet (CV)) and anionic dyes (Reactive Red 35 (RR); Fast Green FCF (FG)) from four single components and two binary systems, MB + RR and CV + FG. Further, the effect and interaction of pH (2-11), dosage (0.01-0.04g/10mL), and initial concentration (0.0313 to 0.1563mmol/L) on the elimination of dyes by PANI-g-SM were studied through a novel design of Box-Behnken of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique which was found to be highly useful for revealing the chemistry of interfaces in multi-component systems. The extended Langmuir model for the binary system indicated the presence of synergism, as result the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity increased by 44.44%, 645.83%, 67.88%, and 441.07% for MB, RR, CV, and FG dye, respectively. Further, the adsorption process mainly followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic studies revealed the exothermic nature of adsorption for RR and FG dye while endothermic for MB and CV dye, respectively with varying from - 1.68 to - 6.12kJ/mol indicating the spontaneity of the process. Importantly, the efficacy of the composite was evaluated for the treatment of textile industry effluent highlighting its potential as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Treatment of textile industry effluents by Fenton processes using galvanising industry residues

Treatment of textile industry effluents by Fenton processes using galvanising industry residues

Biodegradation and Decolorization of Textile Azo Dyes by Paramecium caudatum Isolated from Industrial Wastewater

Azo dyes in textile industry effluent are one of the major toxic contaminants causing a severe threat to life. Bioremediation is the most cost-effective and environmentally beneficial innovative biotechnologically technique used to mitigate dyes’ toxic effects in aquatic environments. The purpose of the present study was to determine the azo dyes degradation potential of a ciliate, Paramecium caudatum, isolated from industrial wastewater. Under optimum conditions, P. caudatum was found to possess a 90.86% decolorizing ability of RR2 (reactive red), 83.06% of RB5 (reactive blue) and 85.43% of LY (Levafix reactive yellow) dyes. The P. caudatum showed maximum growth at 25 °C and pH 7.5 in the presence of azo dyes at a concentration of 20 ppm (0.02 mg/mL). After being exposed to RR2, RB5, and LY azo dyes, the level of GSH in P. caudatum increased for the control i.e., 54, 43, and 23%, respectively. Sequentially, the GSSG level decreased by 26% after treatment with the LY azo dye, while exposure to RR2 and RB5 enhanced the value by more than twofold and by 0.86%. The results for the decolorization and biodegradation of azo dyes indicated that P. caudatum is a potential candidate for the treatment of textile industry effluents.

Treatment of Textile Industry Effluents and Red CE Dye by Amorphophallus paeonifolius Crude Enzyme Extract

Indian Population is involved in textile industries, it releases 3500 different dyes. These dyes directly or indirectly are discharged into the environment, which infects the groundwater posing a hazard to the health and socio-economic life of the people. Therefore, the treatment of textile effluents is essential. Enzymes from plants have been stated to play a significant role in textile wastewater treatment applications.The present study deals with the extraction of crude enzyme extracts from A. paeoniifolius corm and treatment of textile industry effluents and textile red dye with the help of extracted enzyme. The extracted crude enyme from A. paeoniifolius found to help in reducing the various textile water parameters like pH, BOD, DO, TDS, turbidity etc. After 24 hr of treatment by crude enzyme on textile wastewater BOD decreased 82.4%, DO (35.1%), TDS (17.80%), pH (32.70%) and turbidity by 12.24% whereas BOD (50%), DO (14.2%) pH (4.15%) and turbidity by 10% decreased of Red CE textile dye with same duration of treatment. The crude enzyme extract of A. paeoniifolius may offer an economical alternative to replace or supplement the treatment processes for the removal of dyes from wastewater effluents.

Development and operation of immobilized cell plug flow bioreactor (PFR) for treatment of textile industry effluent and evaluation of its working efficiency.

The release of untreated/partially treated effluent and solid waste from textile dyeing industries, having un-reacted dyes, their hydrolysed products and high total dissolved solids (TDS) over the period of time had led to the deterioration of ecological niches. In an endeavour to develop a sustainable and effective alternative to conventional approaches, a plug flow reactor (PFR) having immobilized cells of consortium of three indigenous bacterial isolates was developed. The reactor was fed with effluent collected from the equalization tank of a textile processing unit located near city of Amritsar, Punjab (India). The PFR over a period of 3 months achieved 97.98 %, 82.22 %, 87.36%, 77.71% and 68.75% lowering of colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) respectively. The comparison of the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of untreated and PFR-treated output samples using plant and animal models indicated significant lowering of respective toxicity potential. This is a first report, as per best of our knowledge, regarding direct treatment of textile industry effluent without any pre-treatment and with minimal nutritional inputs, which can be easily integrated into already existing treatment plant. The successful implementation of this system will lower the cost of coagulants/flocculants and also lowering the sludge generation.

Investigation of adsorption properties of modified DD kaolins to microporous material type 13X zeolite in treatment of textile industry effluent: experiments and theoretical approach

Investigation of adsorption properties of modified DD kaolins to microporous material type 13X zeolite in treatment of textile industry effluent: experiments and theoretical approach

Sustainable design of textile industry effluent treatment plant with constructed wetland

Textile has become a major source of income for India’s economy. Steps involved in textile manufacturing are fabrication of yarn, fabric production, dying, printing and finishing. Dying, printing and finishing are mainly water intensive processes which results in the generation of liquid waste. This effluent contains essential compounds such as salts, acids, alkalis and anthropogenic dyes in good concentration Many times dyes acts as sources of heavy metals also. Effluent from this type of industries not only makes the water body unfit for downstream use but also disturbs the natural aquatic ecosystems. Coloured textile effluent after joining any water body make the water unfit for downstream usage as well as interfere with natural activities of aquatic life. Developing countries thus require effective, economic and environment friendly sustainable treatment option.Constructed Wetlands (CW) provide an economic, easy as well as environment friendly treatment option having the ability to treat even different industrial effluents. CW has been found to be 42 %more economical than activated sludge process where as 80% more economical based on operation and maintenance expenses. In the current study, effort has been given to design a sustainable textile industry effluent treatment plant with Constructed Wetland. CW has been designed by various methods, under different flow conditions and indifferent weather conditions. The site under study had a green belt of 1500 sq. meter. According to k-C* model while considering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) load both horizontal as well as vertical subsurface flow, CW can be constructed in these green belt. As a result of current study, it was concluded that CWs are capable enough to replace the conventional activated sludge process (ASP). CW design has been done on the basis of both biological oxygen demand (BOD) as well as COD load for summer and winter conditions. K-C* model gave reliable result. The organization under study is having a green belt of 1500 sq. mts. According to k-C* model the horizontal CW can be designed after giving pre-treatment by ASP where for vertical subsurface flow CW the treatment can be more sustainable and the effluent can be wholely treated by CW.

Characterization and Kinetic Studies of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymer Inclusion Membrane for the Malachite Green Extraction.

Textile industry effluent contains a high amount of toxic colorants. These dyes are carcinogenic and threats to the environment and living beings. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) was used as the based polymer for PIMs with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the carrier and plasticizer. The fabricated PIMs were employed to extract the cation dye (Malachite Green; MG) from the feeding phase. PIMs were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle, water uptake, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ions exchange capacity. The performance of the PIMs was investigated under various conditions such as percentage of carrier and initial dye concentration. With permeability and flux values of 0.1188 cm/min and 1.1913 mg cm/min, PIM produced with 18% w/w PVDF-co-HFP, 21% w/w B2EHP, 1% w/w DOP and 40% w/w THF and was able to achieve more than 97% of MG extraction. The experimental data were then fitted with a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, and the calculated R2 value was ~0.99. This shows that the data has a good fit with the PSO model. PIM is a potential alternative technology in textile industry effluent treatment; however, the right formulation is crucial for developing a highly efficient membrane.

Treatment of textile industry effluents by Electro-Coagulation and Electro-Fenton processes using solar energy: A comparative study

The discharge of textile wastewater into the ecosystem is a dramatic source of pollution, eutrophication, and unaesthetic disturbance in aquatic life. The present work aimed at the treatment of the polluted water from the Industrial Textile Company “SITEX” in Ksar Hallal town (Tunisia) using two alternative processes namely Electro-coagulation (EC), and Electro-Fenton (EF). The experiments were carried out with and without Sparging air (SA). Electricity used was provided by solar energy through photovoltaic panels. Results showed that the effluent discoloration reached 100% with all processes after 280 min of treatment. These processes without (SA) were able to reach Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) degradation until 80% and 85%, respectively. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reached the same degradation returns. Treatment by EC and EF with (SA) reduced the COD to about 97% and 92%, respectively. TOC reached the same values. The economic Studies of electric energy consumption (SEEC) were observed in both conditions (with and without SA). The wear of electrodes was minimized, and their lifetimes were extended with SA.

Development of a semiconductor tree branch-like photoreactor for textile industry effluent treatment.

This paper aimed to develop a new photocatalytic reactor design with a rotary tree branch structure for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. The brass sheet calcined at 500 °C (B500) was used as the photocatalyst and as a substrate for ZnO nanoparticle immobilization (B500ZnO). The photoreactor performance was evaluated toward the photodegradation of an aqueous solution of Reactive Black 5 dye (AS-RB5), raw wastewater (RW), and treated wastewater (TW). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results illustrated ZnO nanowire formation over B500 and B500ZnO substrates. The bandgap values of these samples were estimated by diffuse reflectance measurements. The effects of dye concentration, the type of radiation, and ZnO NP deposition on the degradation of AS-RB were evaluated. Decreases in chemical oxygen demand (COD) greater than 82% were obtained using solar irradiation and artificial light as the energy source. Regarding calcined brass sheet reutilization, a decrease of 45% in the photocatalytic activity efficiency after 5 cycles was noted due to the effect of photocorrosion of the ZnO nanowires. The photoreaction of the RW and TW effluents showed COD values of 21 and 35%, respectively, which are below the limits established by state environmental control. With respect to RB5 addition to the TW effluent (TW-RB5), a discoloration of 62% was noticed after 3 h of photodegradation. Furthermore, the toxicity tests of the AS-RB5 and TW-RB5 samples did not display toxic intermediates after the photoreaction since 80% of the seeds germinated. Finally, the photoreactor exhibited good performance regarding the decrease in effluent pollutant charge, in addition to the efficient discoloration of RB5 dye.

Thin-film composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes toward textile industry effluent treatment and environmental remediation applications: review

Thin-film composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes toward textile industry effluent treatment and environmental remediation applications: review

Sustainable building materials using textile effluent treatment plant sludge: a review

A huge quantity of textile effluent sludge is generated from 21 076 textile units of India and dumped in large areas, leading to contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater. Hence, effective management of this sludge is important for its reuse and safe disposal. Considering the utilization of this waste in construction activities, the current paper explores the potential of textile sludge produced from textile industry effluent treatment plants. Many researchers have attempted to reuse this sludge for the development of sustainable construction materials and suggested its optimum usage as a partial substitution for fine aggregate, cement and clay with or without additives for the manufacturing of non-structural building components. This paper provides a critical review of the production of non-structural elements – namely, sustainable building blocks, clay bricks, mortar and paver blocks – using textile effluent treatment plant sludge and recommends optimum ranges of 5–30, 5–40, 5–50 and 20–40%, respectively. The prominent gaps are suggested as the outcome of studies such as techno-economic feasibility of the product, thermal and energy building simulation along with the life-cycle assessment and fatigue life assessment of the developed paver blocks.

Characterization and Treatment of Textile Industry Effluent by Phytoremediation Technique

The present work is designed to analyse the physico chemical properties of textile effluents and to evolve the effective and economically low-cost method for textile waste. Here the suitability of plants to remove containments are compared by two types of flow in which waste water is passed through the root zone by horizontal and vertical flow and suitability of plants to remove contaminant depends upon retention time or velocity of effluent which passes from one end to another end of the container. In India now a day, several efforts have been driven to control the pollution to enjoy the citizen, the disease-free environment. Mainly in this paper, we discuss about the pollution created by the Textile industry Effluent generated by this industry is one of the sources of pollution which contained air, soil and water. The main Contamination of soil and water bodies by the discharge of this industry are due to the Heavy metals & colour (dyes). This discharge if allowed on ground or water bodies, it percolates through the soil and pollute the fertile soil which effects the Agriculture and further this contaminates the ground water table and an aquatic life by toxication of water and this effects the human health and vegetation. The industry related with this study is of raw cotton based here cotton used is from ginning and pressing operation.

Adsorption of textile industry effluent in a fixed bed column using activated carbon prepared from agro-waste materials

Abstract Activated carbon prepared from agro-waste material i.e. green coconut shell and bamboo using ZnCl2 as an activation agent in an adsorption column (fixed bed) was studied for the treatment of textile industry effluent. The experiment with the fixed-bed column was performed by different process parameters such as 200, 400 and 600 mg/L as different initial concentration of dye, at different bed heights of 100 mm, 200 mm, and 300 mm, and 10, 15, and 20 mL/min as different flow rates. The findings demonstrated that both breakthrough and exhaust times increase, with the height of the bed being increased, but decrease with the concentration of the dye inlet. The breakthrough point was found to depend upon the bed height and flow rate. The maximum uptake capacity was obtained when a 200 mm bed depth was used at an inlet concentration of dye 200 mg/L with a flow rate of 15 mL/minute. It was observed that the bamboo activated carbon BAC has high carbon content, and has a high potential for dyes removal and may become capable substitutes for costly activated carbon. The adsorption capacities of BAC, GCSAC are at par with respect to each other, the overall process scheme may become economical as these materials are available as wastes and practically free of cost.

Degradation Pattern of Textile Effluent by Using Bio and Sono Chemical Reactor

The research study was conducted to design the ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical reactor and the bioreactor/filter to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system and to compare the efficiency of two reactors such as SER and TF for the treatment of textile industry effluents. Also the study to design Sonoelectrolytic process for wastewater treatment of textile industry containing strong color, high temperature, suspended particles and dissolved solid particles has been conducted. Effect to environment and health is caused by oxygen demand (BOD), high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The percentage removal efficiency for wastewater treatment of textile industry by using sonoelectrolytic reactor (SER) was found to be higher than 95% at temperature of 25°C and a pH value of 8.9, while for trickling filter (TF), having adsorbent as a filter medium, efficiency was found to be 95%, and optimum conditions obtained were applied for the treatment of different dye samples. Based on experimental outcomes, it is determined that treatment through SER is done faster than trickling filter because in TF the adsorbent capacity decreases with time and is a time-consuming process, but the chance of deposition on electrodes also increases in SER, so both these processes can yield better results if these problems are eliminated.

Evaluation of Anionic and Cationic Pulp-Based Flocculants With Diverse Lignin Contents for Application in Effluent Treatment From the Textile Industry: Flocculation Monitoring.

In wastewater treatment, flocculation is a widely used solid/liquid separation technique, which typically employs a charged polymer, a polyelectrolyte (PEL). Polyelectrolytes features, such as charge type, charge density and molecular weight, are essential parameters affecting the mechanism of flocculation and subsequent floc sedimentation. The effectiveness of the process is also influenced by the characteristics of the system (e.g., type, size, and available surface area of suspended particles, pH of the medium, charge of suspended particles). Thus, a good understanding of the flocculation kinetics, involved mechanisms and flocs structure is essential in identifying the most adequate treatment conditions, having also into consideration possible subsequent treatments. In this study, Eucalyptus bleached pulp and a cellulosic pulp with high lignin content (~4.5 wt%) obtained from Eucalyptus wood waste were used for bio-PELs production. Firstly, a pre-treatment with sodium periodate increased the pulps reactivity. To produce cationic cellulose the oxidation step was followed by the introduction of cationic groups in the cellulose chains, through reaction with Girard's reagent T. Applying different molar ratios (0.975 and 3.9) of Girard's reagent T to aldehyde groups led to cationic PELs with diverse charge density. On the other hand, to obtain anionic cellulose a sulfonation reaction with sodium metabisulfite was applied to the intermediate dialdehyde cellulose-based products, during 24 or 72 h, and anionic-PELs with diverse features were obtained. The developed water soluble, anionic and cationic bio-PELs were characterized and tested as flocculation agents for a textile industry effluent treatment. Initially, jar-tests were used to tune the most effective flocculation procedure (pH, flocculant dosage, etc.). Flocculation using these conditions was then monitored continuously, over time, using laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS). Due to the small size of the dyes molecules, a dual system with an inorganic complexation agent (bentonite) was essential for effective decolouration of the effluent. Performance in the treatment was monitored first by turbidity removal evaluation (75–88% with cationic-PELs, 75–81% with anionic-PELs) and COD reduction evaluation (79–81% with cationic-PELs, 63–77% with anionic-PELs) in the jar tests. Additionally, the evolution of flocs characteristics (structure and size) during their growth and the flocculation kinetics, were studied using the LDS technique, applying the different PELs produced and for a range of PEL concentration. The results obtained through this monitoring procedure allowed to discuss the possible flocculation mechanisms involved in the process. The results obtained with the bio-PELs were compared with those obtained using synthetic PELs, commonly applied in effluents treatment, polyacrylamides. The developed bio-PELs can be competitive, eco-friendly flocculation agents for effluents treatment from several industries, when compared to traditional synthetic flocculants with a significant environmental footprint. Moreover, LDS proved to be a feasible technique to monitor flocculation processes, even when a real industrial effluent is being tested.

Tea residue as a bio-sorbent for the treatment of textile industry effluents

Tea residue, a common waste obtained from households and beverage industries, was studied as an efficient bio-sorbent for the extraction of methylene blue (MB) from textile industry effluents by varying key operational parameters such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for the characterization of tea residue. This investigation found that the tea residue’s morphological structure and availability of selective functional groups are the main factors behind its high adsorption capacity. Adsorbent dosage and pH were found to be two important parameters that affect the efficiency of the adsorption process. Also, the contact time affected the removal efficiency of adsorbent—eventually reaching equilibrium after 105 min. The adsorbent has shown a maximum adsorption capacity of 181.2 mgg−1 at pH 10. The results showed that the equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm very well and are best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. For the mechanistic understanding of the adsorption transport process, the intraparticle diffusion model was used. In addition, the testing of experimental data for kinetic models was carried out by statistical analysis. The results of the FT-IR analysis showed that electrostatic interaction exists between MB and functional groups of tea residue. This study showed that the activated tea residue is not only a viable and economic alternative to other potential bio-sorbents and activated carbon but also has increased adsorption capacity and favorable kinetics.

Peptides Fixing Industrial Textile Dyes: A New Biochemical Method in Wastewater Treatment

The aim of the present work was the development of a new biological method for the treatment of textile industry effluents, which is cheaper, more profitable, and eco-friendly. This method is essentially based on the synthesis of dye-fixing peptides. The use of peptides synthesized via a solid-phase synthesis to fix a reference textile dye like “Cibacron blue” (CB) and the performance analysis of binding assays were the main objectives of this study. For this reason, two peptides P1 (NH2-C-G-G-W-R-S-Q-N-Q-G-NH2) and P2 (NH2-C-G-G-R-R-Y-Q-P-D-S-NH2) binding with the CB dye were synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technique. The obtained results showed significant fixation yields of CB-peptides of 91.5% and 45.9%, respectively, and consequently, their interesting potential as a tool for a new biochemical method in the pollution prevention of textile wastewater.