Treatment Of Textile Industry Effluents Research Articles

The potential of biofilms from moving bed bioreactors to increase the efficiency of textile industry wastewater treatment

Textile industry processes produce some of the most heavily polluted wastewater worldwide. Wastewater from textile industry is also highly variable (it varies with time and among factories) and contains wide diversity of pollutants. This makes the treatment of textile industry effluents, complex, site-specific and expensive. Numerous combinations of wastewater treatment technologies are currently applied in the textile industry, yet methods that work for one emitter are often unsuitable, insufficient, not necessary or unsustainable to another. As textile industry evolves, its water treatment research also has to keep pace with increasing demands. The broader aim of the textile industry wastewater treatment is to maximize the efficiency of pollutant removal, while releasing effluents that society considers as being environmentally acceptable or safe. In the last ten years great strides have been made in the ability to lower the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonium (NH4+) in wastewater. These advances elicit the question: can intensifying the usage of such technologies in the textile industry also increase its efficiency? The research team analysed water treatment by aerobic biomineralization via microbial biofilms immobilized on solid surfaces and hosted in Moving Bed Bio-Reactors (MBBRs). These biofilms are selected for carbon oxidation and ammonia oxidation. The authors compare the potential of active sludge biotreatment with the performance of MBBRs. The results are used to evaluate the potential of MBBRs as a cost-reducing solution in textile wastewater treatment plants. Our analysis supports that upgrading such stations to more heavily usage of MBBR biotechnology would increase their sustainability and environmental friendliness. The authors also discuss research directions and milestones for expanding the effects of MBBRs on the textile industry wastewater treatment.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles for methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions and textile wastewater treatment, with cost estimation.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles were investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions and the treatment of textile industry effluents. The nZVI material was characterized by XRD, TEM, EDS, FTIR, and SEM. It was demonstrated that several functional groups such as C-H, C = C, C-C, and C-O contributed to MB reduction. At initial MB concentration of 70 mg/L, the optimum pH was 6, achieving a removal efficiency of 72.1% using an nZVI dosage of 10 g/L, stirring rate of 150 rpm, and temperature of 30 °C within 30 min. The adsorption isotherm was described by the Langmuir model with monolayer coverage of 5.53 mg/g, and the Freundlich equation with multilayer adsorption capacity of 1.59 (mg/g)·(L/mg)1/n. The removal mechanisms of MB included reduction into colorless leuco-MB, precipitation as Fe(II)-MB, adsorption as ZVI-MB or FeOOH-MB, and/or degradation using •OH radicals. The synthesized nZVI particles were applied to reduce various organic and inorganic compounds, as well as heavy metal ions from real textile wastewater samples. The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TN, TP, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ reached up to 91.9%, 87.5%, 65.2%, 78.1%, 100.0%, 29.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. The treatment cost of 1 m3 of textile wastewater was estimated as 1.66 $USD.

Synthesis, characterization and application of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment

ABSTRACTThe present research work focused on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles and their surface modifications using layer-by-layer (L-b-L) coating with low molecular-weight chitosan. The surface-modified nanoparticles were employed in the treatment of textile industry effluent. A series of batch experimental studies were performed in the treatment of textile industry effluent by varying the effluent solution pH, contact time, dosage of nanoparticles and stirring speed. Characterizations of the synthesized nanoparticles before and after surface modification are performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental observations showed that the sizes of both silica and surface-modified particles are less than 335 nm. The effectiveness of nanoparticles in the treatment of textile mill effluent was studied by assessing the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Turbidity and Conductivity before and after treatment. The experimental result demonstrates that the surface-modified particles could effectively reduce the pollutants from textile industry effluent.

Co-plantation of aquatic macrophytes Typha angustifolia and Paspalum scrobiculatum for effective treatment of textile industry effluent

Field treatment of textile industry effluent was carried out in constructed drenches (91.4m×1.2m×0.6m; 65.8m3) planted independently with Typha angustifolia, Paspalum scrobiculatum and their co-plantation (consortium-TP). The in situ treatment of effluent by T. angustifolia, P. scrobiculatum and consortium-TP was found to decrease ADMI color value by 62, 59 and 76%, COD by 65, 63 and 70%, BOD by 68, 63 and 75%, TDS by 45, 39 and 57%, and TSS by 35, 31 and 47%, respectively within 96h. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead were also removed up to 28–77% after phytoremediation. T. angustifolia and P. scrobiculatum showed removal of Congo Red (100mg/L) up to 80 and 73%, respectively within 48h while consortium-TP achieved 94% decolorization. Root tissues of T. angustifolia and P. scrobiculatum revealed inductions in the activities of oxido-reductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase (193 and 32%), veratryl alcohol oxidase (823 and 460%), laccase (492 and 182%) and azo reductase (248 and 83%), respectively during decolorization of Congo Red. Anatomical studies of roots, FTIR, HPLC, UV–vis Spectroscopy and GC–MS analysis verified the phytotransformation. Phytotoxicity studies confirmed reduced toxicity of the metabolites of Congo Red.

Electrochemical synthesis of hierarchal flower-like hierarchical In2O3/ZnO nanocatalyst for textile industry effluent treatment, photo-voltaic, [rad]OH scavenging and anti-bacterial studies

A facile technique for the electrochemical synthesis of In2O3/ZnO heterostructures capable of producing flower-like nanoparticles in size range about 5–10nm with a wide band gap of 4.15eV, under ambient conditions is established. The In2O3/ZnO nanocatalyst exhibits high catalytic performance on the degradation of textile industrial effluent, about 98.4% at 3mg of catalyst, and better reusability. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was established by Fenton reaction and is correlated to photo-degradation and inactivation of bacteria as both are ROS dependent phenomena. Anti-bacterial activity is tested against a bioluminescent bacterium via MIC which shows 50% efficiency at mere 62μg of nanoparticle.

Treatment of textile industry effluents using orange waste: a proposal to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand

Various agricultural residues have been tested as biosorbents due to their low cost, high surface area, and favorable surface chemistry. In this work, a sweet orange albedo was tested as a biosorbent for treatment of real textile effluents. The orange albedo powder was prepared by drying the residue at 50 °C and milling to 30 mesh, and then used for dye adsorption from a alkaline (pH = 10.71) effluent. The adsorption process was studied in batch experiments at 30 °C by measuring color removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The color removal was found not to be significantly altered when the effluent was used in its raw state, while COD increased probably due to albedo degradation. For the effluent diluted to 60% (Veffluent VH2O(-1)), color and COD removal percentages of approximately 89% were obtained. It was found that pH played a very significant role on the adsorption process, as the treated albedo displayed a relative pHPZC* of 4.61, and the highest dye removal efficiencies were reached at pH lower than 2. The COD was strongly influenced by the effluent dilution. The effectiveness in eliminating color and COD shows that orange albedo can be potentially used as a biosorbent to treat textile wastewater.

Preparation and characterization of carbon microfiltration membrane applied to the treatment of textile industry effluents

ABSTRACTTwo tubular carbon microfiltration membranes have been prepared using mineral coal powder under similar conditions onto graphite supports made from carbon powder of 25 and 44 µm and having a porosity and mean pore diameter of 34% and 37% and 1.7 and 3.0 µm, respectively. The mean pore diameters were of 0.5 and 0.8 µm, respectively.The performances depend on the membrane pore diameter. Particularly, the membrane presenting the largest pore size reached a stabilized permeate flux at 1 bar of 150 L/h.m2 against 4.5 L/h.m2 for the membrane of 0.5 µm. However, both membranes showed similar efficiency in term of pollutant removal, which was found independent of transmembrane pressure.

Zero-valent iron impregnated cellulose acetate mixed matrix membranes for the treatment of textile industry effluent

Novel green synthesized zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles of distinct mass fractions of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt% are blended with cellulose acetate (CA) to prepare CA/ZVI mixed matrix membranes (MMMs).

Treatment of textile mill effluent using low molecular weight crab shell chitosan

Inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent crab shell chitosan has been successfully used for the treatment of textile mill effluent. The present study investigated the application of low molecular weight (20 kDa) crab shell chitosan in the treatment of textile industry effluent in a most efficient and economical way. A series of batch experiments were conducted by varying solution pH, agitation time, chitosan dosage, and agitation speed. The parameters considered for the study are chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The observed experimental result showed that low molecular weight crab shell chitosan could able to reduce significantly the COD, TSS, TDS, and turbidity from textile mill effluent. The optimum conditions were obtained at 150 mg/L of chitosan dosage, pH 4, 4 h of mixing time, and a mixing speed of 75 RPM. The results show that low molecular weight crab shell chitosan can be used for the effective treatment of textile mill effluent.

Isolation and characterization of Paracoccus sp. GSM2 capable of degrading textile azo dye Reactive Violet 5.

A potential bacterial strain GSM2, capable of degrading an azo dye Reactive Violet 5 as a sole source of carbon, was isolated from textile mill effluent from Solapur, India. The 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics indicated an isolated organism as Paracoccus sp. GSM2. This strain exhibited complete decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 (100 mg/L) within 16 h, while maximally it could decolorize 800 mg/L of dye within 38 h with 73% decolorization under static condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0–9.0 and 25–40°C, respectively. The isolate was able to decolorize more than 70% of five structurally different azo dyes within 38 h. The isolate is salt tolerant as it can bring out more than 90% decolorization up to a salt concentration of 2% (w/v). UV-Visible absorption spectra before and after decolorization suggested that decolorization was due to biodegradation and was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall results indicate the effectiveness of the strain GSM2 explored for the treatment of textile industry effluents containing various azo dyes. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on biodegradation of Reactive Violet 5 by Paracoccus sp. GSM2.

Tin oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon as adsorbent for removal of Murexide

This study investigated the adsorption properties of tin oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (SnO2-NP-AC) for murexide dye adsorption capacities in the textile industry effluent treatment. The influence of variables, such as initial pH, initial murexide dye concentration, contact time, amount of adsorbent, pH, and temperature on murexide removal and recoveries was investigated. The results obtained in the adsorption experiments carried out at pH 2, 323 K, adsorbent dosage of 0.025 g, and dye concentration of 30 mg L−1 show that the interaction between the carbon materials and the dyes is enhanced with the acidity of the carbon surfaces. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Tempkin, and Freundlich isotherm equations and it was found that Langmuir is the best model for fitting the experimental data. The results of present model were also compared to pseudo-second-order and first-order model. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, activation energy, and sticking probability were also calculated. It was found that the adsorption of murexide onto SnO2-NP-AC was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

Single and multicomponent acid dye adsorption equilibrium studies on tyre demineralised activated carbon

This study investigated the adsorption properties of demineralised activated carbon adsorbents produced from waste tyre char. The produced carbon was tested for its dye adsorption capacities in the textile industry effluent treatment. Two acid dyes with different molecular sizes were used, namely Acid Blue 25 (AB25) and Acid Yellow 117 (AY117) to simulate the textile effluent. In a single component system, it was found that the larger size dye, AY117, showed little adsorption and for both dyes the maximum capacity is higher than the commercial activated carbon F400 for both dyes. Furthermore, the results of the single component system were fitted to equilibrium isotherm models using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Langmuir–Freundlich or Sips for the single component system. The adsorption of AB25 followed the Langmuir isotherm, while the adsorption of AY117 can be better described with Langmuir–Freundlich model. A binary AB25–AY117 mixture was used to test the possibility of the molecular sieve effect. For the binary component system, it is found that none of the predictive models work well, hence the system is non-ideal. Overall, the correlative extended Freundlich isotherm models were the best to fit the experimental data.

Effect of HBT on the stability of laccase during the decolourization of textile wastewaters

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study concerns the assessment of laccase stability during textile industry effluent treatment by laccase in the presence of a mediatorRESULTS: The effects of 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and textile wastewater on the stability of a crude laccase prepared from cultures of Trametes trogii during the process of textile industry effluent decolourization were determined. HBT was essential for decolourization of effluent by laccase. Decolourization efficiency decreased when effluent was repeatedly added to the reaction mixture, suggesting inhibition of laccase during the process. Stability of the laccase was not affected by different concentrations of effluent, but inactivation was proportional to HBT concentration.CONCLUSION: Experimental results showed that a redox mediator such as HBT was required for high decolourization rate of textile industry effluent; however free radicals generated from this compound inactivated the laccase used in the process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry