Abstract
A potential bacterial strain GSM2, capable of degrading an azo dye Reactive Violet 5 as a sole source of carbon, was isolated from textile mill effluent from Solapur, India. The 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics indicated an isolated organism as Paracoccus sp. GSM2. This strain exhibited complete decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 (100 mg/L) within 16 h, while maximally it could decolorize 800 mg/L of dye within 38 h with 73% decolorization under static condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0–9.0 and 25–40°C, respectively. The isolate was able to decolorize more than 70% of five structurally different azo dyes within 38 h. The isolate is salt tolerant as it can bring out more than 90% decolorization up to a salt concentration of 2% (w/v). UV-Visible absorption spectra before and after decolorization suggested that decolorization was due to biodegradation and was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall results indicate the effectiveness of the strain GSM2 explored for the treatment of textile industry effluents containing various azo dyes. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on biodegradation of Reactive Violet 5 by Paracoccus sp. GSM2.
Highlights
In 1856, the world’s first commercially successful synthetic dye, mauveine, was discovered for practical uses
Azo dyes have an adverse impact in terms of total organic carbon (TOC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) [8]
Amongst positive strains subjected to screening, the potential bacterial strain GSM2 showed a rapid and complete decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 within 16 h under static condition and was selected for further study
Summary
In 1856, the world’s first commercially successful synthetic dye, mauveine, was discovered for practical uses. Improper textile dye effluent disposal in aqueous ecosystems leads to the reduction in sunlight penetration which in turn decreases photosynthetic activity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and water quality and depicts acute toxic effects on aquatic flora and fauna, causing severe environmental problems worldwide [6]. They can cause human health disorders such as nausea, hemorrhage, ulceration of the skin and mucous membranes, and severe damage to kidneys, the reproductive system, liver, brain, and central nervous system [7]. The treatment of industrial effluents containing azo dyes and their metabolites is necessary prior to their final discharge to the environment
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