Treatment Of Subclinical Mastitis Research Articles

The efficacy of intravenous application of the Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction (AMPLIMUNE) in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by S. Aureus.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the immunostimulant Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction (MCWF) on the treatment of S. aureus SCM by intravenous application. The study included 45 HF dairy cows in 2nd and 3rd month after parturition divided into three groups (n = 15 per group): the MC + group - cows with S. aureus SCM treated with MCWF; the MC- group - cows with S. aureus SCM, with no treatment; and the C group - the control group of healthy cow with no treatment. Samples were collected 0th (I sample), 7th (II), and 14th day (III) from the day of SCM diagnosis and on day 21st (IV). A greater influx of leukocytes was confirmed into milk after 7 days after MCWF treatment in MC + group, which was followed by increase of WBC and LYM in blood. These results support the hypothesis of effective action of MCWF, and in quarters with lower-grade infection, bacteriological cure was achieved. The MC- group had a statistically higher concentration of TBARS and CAT activity in milk, while MC + group had lower blood serum LDH activity, which indicates a positive effect of the MCWF application and a lower exposure of the tissue to lipide peroxidation and inflammation caused by S. aureus. The application of MCWF would give new possibilities in the prevention and therapy of mammary gland diseases without fear of the presence of residues and the emergence of bacterial resistance. In future studies, the effects of local and systemic application of MCWF in the treatment of S. aureus SCM should be compared.

Treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus using natural therapeutic protocol.

In herds of dairy goats, mastitis represents a major health and economic problem due to the multiresistance of some microorganisms. In this context, the study aimed to determine the potential of antimicrobial action and antibiofilm of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) of Hymenaea martiana (jatobá) leaves, as well its fractions, on Staphylococcus sp isolated from bacterial cultures of goat milk. In vitro assays were performed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), as well as tests of the effect of CEE on biofilm formation and quantification and the consolidated biofilm. The experimental infection was performed in two groups, each consisting of five goat. Experimental Group 1 (G1) consisted of five females treated with an intramammary ointment based on the CEE, at a concentration of 5%. Experimental Group 2 (G2) consisted of five females treated with a commercial intramammary ointment based on gentamicin, once a day, for six consecutive days. The diagnosis of mastitis was performed using a bacterial culture. The dichloromethane fraction of CEE was the one with the lowest concentrations of MBC, ranging from 195.3 to 781µg / ml. Concerning to the biofilm, interference of the tested extract was observed for two isolates. In the present study, the ointment prepared from H. martiana extract (jatobá) was able to reduce bacterial infection in mammary glands experimentally infected with S. aureus. Antibacterial activity may be related to the classes of secondary metabolites found.

Economic impact of subclinical mastitis treatment in early lactation using intramammary nisin

Treatment of subclinical mastitis (SCM) during lactation is rarely recommended due to concerns related to both antimicrobial usage and costs associated with milk discard. Nisin is a naturally produced antimicrobial peptide with a Gram-positive spectrum that, when given to dairy cows, does not require milk discard. We evaluated the economic impact of treatment of SCM during early lactation using a nisin-based intramammary treatment under different scenarios which included various treatment costs, milk prices, and cure rates. We stochastically simulated the dynamics of SCM detected during the first week of lactation. The net economic impact was expressed in US dollars per case. The probabilities of an event and their related costs were estimated using a model that was based on pathogen-specific assumptions selected from peer-reviewed articles. Nisin cure rates were based on results of pivotal studies included in the FDA approval submission. Based on our model, the average cost of a case of intramammary infection (i.e., only true positive cases) in early lactation was $170 (90th percentage range = $148 to $187), while the cost of a clinical mastitis case was $521 (90th percentage range = $435 to $581). Both estimates varied with etiology, parity, and stage of lactation. When comparing the net cost of SCM cases (i.e., CMT-positive tests) detected during the first week of lactation, nisin treatment generated an average positive economic impact of $19 per CMT-positive case. Use of nisin to treat SCM was beneficial 93% of the time. Based on the sensitivity analysis, treatment would result in an economically beneficial outcome for 95% and 73% of multiparous and primiparous cows, respectively. At the herd level, use of intramammary nisin to treat SCM in cows in early lactation was economically beneficial in most tested scenarios. However, economic impact was highly influenced by factors such as rate of bacteriological cure, cost of treatment, and parity of affected animal. These factors should be considered when deciding to use nisin as a treatment for SCM.

Alternative therapeutic approach of ovine subclinical mastitis using the ethanolic roots extract of Capparis spinosa.

Over the past decades, Capparis spinosa has been considered a traditional therapy for relieving different illnesses. Mastitis causes a decrease in milk production and is usually treated with injectable and intra-mammary antibiotics. Investigating the therapeutic effects of C. spinosa root extract on subclinically mastitic ewes. Totally, 164 lactating ewes were selected randomly from the flocks that existed in some areas belonging to Al-Najaf City (Najaf, Iraq) from September to December (2022). Each study animal was subjected to direct sampling of milk before and once each week for 6 weeks (42 days) post treatment to be tested directly by the California mastitis test (CMT). Concerning phytochemical testing of ethanolic root extract, the findings revealed a significant increase in the concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins when compared to other components such as coumarins, saponin, glycosides, amino acids, and steroids. In this study, there were 44.51% infected ewes with subclinical mastitis, involving 25.61%, 13.41%, and 5.49% for scores 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In comparison with pre-treatment week, insignificant alteration was seen in the values of all scores in therapeutic week 1. However, significant differences were initiated in values of score 0 in week 2; score 0 and score 2 in week 3; score 0, score 1, and score 2 in week 4; and values of all scores in weeks 5 and 6. This represents the first Iraqi study aimed at the treatment of subclinical mastitis in sheep using the root extract of C. spinosa. Phytochemical testing of ethanolic extract revealed the presence of variable amounts of chemical compounds that reflect their effects on treated animals by decreasing the number of infected ewes with the disease. Moreover, studies are greatly important to estimate the therapeutic effects of other parts of C. spinosa such as leaves and seeds, on the disease and other animal diseases.

Ozone use in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.

This research communication paper addresses the hypothesis that the use of therapeutic alternatives for mastitis, such as intramammary ozone, can cure the disease with lower costs and without harmful residues for human consumption and without formation of microbial resistance like the ones caused by indiscriminate use of antibiotics in dairy farms. The study was performed in 36 mammary quarters from 12 dairy cows with subclinical mastitis grade three. The experimental units were randomly assigned into four groups and each group received a treatment. Treatments comprised (a) 20 μg/ml ozone gas; (b) 40 μg/ml ozone gas; (c) negative control treatment of 12.5 μg/ml ozonated saline and (d) positive control treatment of 100 mg of cephalexin + 100 mg of neomycin + 10 mg of prednisolone, all by intramammary injection. In all quarters, milk was collected before and after the application of treatments for California mastitis test and evaluation of milk composition, somatic cell count, and bacterial cultures. The results indicated that the use of intramammary ozone did have a therapeutic effect, and whilst this was less than that of antibiotics, ozone does confer some advantages. Treated milk had a good composition, the treatment cost was low, milk withdrawal may not be necessary and there is no risk of antibiotic resistance.

The antibacterial effect of bee venom on subclinical mastitis agents: an alternative for local treatment

ABSTRACT Subclinical mastitis is an important problem in terms of the dairy economy all over the world and due to the increasing antibiotic resistance day by day, there is a great need for new antibiotic alternatives and natural products. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of bee venom against bacterial mastitis agents. Methods, such as well diffusion, disc diffusion, microdilution and time-kill analyses, were applied to 12 bacteria species isolated from milk samples. Effective results were obtained in microdilution and time-kill analysis. MIC values were determined in the range of 12.5–50 µg/ml and time-kill times were observed in the range of 1–24 h. In addition, bacterial suspensions from 12 species were prepared and there were effective against mixed infection in vitro. As a result, bee venom, as an antibiotic alternative, can give satisfactory results in the treatment of subclinical mastitis and mixed infections. Field studies and treatment trials should be emphasized.

Development of a prototype milk screening reagent for the detection of bovine subclinical mastitis using common detergents and Hibiscus sabdariffa petals

Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland of female animals which can either be clinical or subclinical. Subclinical mastitis is that which cannot be diagnosed by physical assessment of the udder, however, it continues to reduce the quality and quantity of the milk leading to economic losses. Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis is therefore of paramount importance to the farmer, however, the commercially available California Mastitis Test (CMT) reagent commonly used to detect subclinical mastitis is expensive and not readily accessible especially in the rural agrarian communities. This work was conducted to develop a test reagent from locally and readily available materials that can be used by rural farmers in the detection of subclinical mastitis. Different concentrations (1.5%, 3% and 6%) of different household detergents dissolved in water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) have been explored for their suitability to detect somatic cells in cow milk. The reagents were mixed with mastitic and nonmstatitic milk while the test conducted with CMT served as control to which the results from formulated reagents were compared for sensitivity. It was found that a 3% detergent concentration in zobo can be used to obtain gel formation and a colour change from red to dark green corresponding to somatic cell counts and pH respectively, much like the CMT reagent. The test conducted revealed 53.57%, 46.42%, 42.85% and 42.85% of cows’ fore-quarter milk samples were positive to CMT, detergents A, B and C respectively. The combination of household detergent and water extract of Zobo can therefore be an alternative to CMT reagent in the detection of subclinical mastitis, especially in the rural areas. This indicates the potential of using these test reagents for subclinical mastitis screening. Further studies are suggested to standardize and patent this reagent as an alternative for subclinical mastitis diagnostic test.

Exosomes in Mastitis—Research Status, Opportunities, and Challenges

Simple SummaryMastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows, causing large economic losses. The development of early diagnostic markers for mastitis and the elucidation of pathogenesis are of great importance for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that contain cargoes of nucleic acids and proteins that reflect the state of the cell and mediate intercellular communication. In this review, we introduce the knowledge of exosomes, review the current status of exosome research related to mastitis, and look forward to the application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis and in performing disease mechanism elucidation.Mastitis, which affects milk quality and yield, is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows, causing large economic losses. Cow mastitis is classified into clinical and subclinical types. Subclinical mastitis presents without obvious lesions in the udder or noticeable change in milk samples, indicating persistent chronic infection that is difficult to detect and treat. Therefore, finding specific biomarkers is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis. As mediators of intercellular communication, exosomes have been shown to be extensively involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the body. Exosomes in milk, blood, and cell supernatant can carry stable cell source-specific nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Hence, exosomes show great application prospects for early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and disease mechanism analysis. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, biological functions, and methods of isolating and identifying exosomes and review the current status of exosome research related to mastitis. Finally, in view of the application of exosomes to diagnose, treat, and perform disease mechanism analysis in mastitis, deficiencies in recent research on mastitis exosomes are described, and the direction of future exosome research efforts in mastitis is proposed.

Use of Probiotic Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 for Treatment of Subclinical Mastitis in Cows – Preliminary Study

Abstract The development and implementation of new and safe means of treating subclinical mastitis (SM) in the production process remains a pressing problem. Our study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of the Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 strain on cow SM. All animals with signs of SM were fed with a basic diet with probiotic’s addition of 15 g/per day. The experiment was conveyed in 30 consecutive days. Milk and blood were collected on the 7th, 15th, and 30th day of the experiment. Daily milk yield was increased by 32.2% and somatic cell count was decreased from 290.00±32.12 to 96.80±39.03 ths/cm3. A decrease in inflammation was indicated by a decrease in POM370 (by 2.2 times) and POM430 (by 2.8 times). No significant changes in the blood serum indices of cows were observed. A probiotic’s positive effect has been established on the treatment of SM. The probiotic B. megaterium NСH 55 can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs for treating SM in cows.

Treatment of subclinical mastitis through the mineral homeopathic supplement in the diet of lactating milking cows: case study.

The present work results from experimental research conducted in a dairy establishment in the city of Perobal, Paraná. It was tested a homeopathic treatment in 32 animals with symptoms of subclinic mastitis detected previously by the California Mastitis Test (CMT).The remedies were prepared according to the Hahnemannian method for the decimal scale and divided in 4 groups according to their pathogenetic action: Group A (Phytolacca D30, Urtica ureus D3, Asa foetida D6); Group B (Phytolacca D12, Magnesium fluoricum D12, Kalium muriatium D6); Group C (Hepar sulphur D200, Magnesium fluoricum D200, Streptococcinum D200, Staphylococcinum D200); Group D (Urtica ureus D30, Lachesis D12, Pulsatilla D30).They were administrated in the dosage of 300g per day per animal during 90 days. It could be verified that subclinical mastitis, as predicted by indirect cellularity, decreased from 44,5% to 3,9%, a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease, attributed to the treatment.

THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF THE DRUG “SUBMASTIN-СATTLE” FOR THERAPY OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS

The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the drug "Submastin-Cattle" in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cattle. The trials were carried out on cows with subclinical mastitis on the farms of the Voronezh region. The animals were divided into two groups on the principle of analogies. The cows of the first group were treated with "Submastin-Cattle" twice at a dose of 10 ml with an interval of 24 hours. The animals of the second group (control) received placenta denatured emulsified (PDE) as required by the product direction. It has been found that the use of the drug "Submastin-Cattle" allows to achieve 83.6% of therapeutic efficacy, which is by 16.0% higher than when using PDE.

Application of bacillus megaterium for subclinical mastitis in cows

The problem of treatment of subclinical mastitis often arises after calving, especially in cows of the first lactation. The paper presents the results of the therapeutic effect of Bacillus megaterium in subclinical mastitis in cows.
 The aim of the research. To determine the effect of Bacillus megaterium on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and colonies of microorganisms isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted in a dairy farm growing Holstein. Cows with subclinical mastitis of the experimental groups were given concentrated feed with the addition of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 15–35 g per animal. The control group of cows was given the usual diet for dairy cows. The experiment lasted 30 days.
 Results. The use of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 35 g per animal had a pronounced effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of cows. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was 67 % higher and Bifidobacterium 58 % higher than the control. In addition, the level of opportunistic pathogens on Escherichia coli decreased by 45 %, Clostridium by 27 %, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus by 75 %, and Candida by 80 % compared to controls. The amount of microflora in milk decreased by 40.2 % and the number of somatic cells by 87.9 %.
 Conclusions. The therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 35 g per animal for 30 days in subclinical mastitis has been proven. After treatment, the amount of microflora in cow's milk decreased by 40.2 % and the number of somatic cells by 87.9 %.
 A positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of cows, where the number of Lactobacillus sp. increased by 67 % and Bifidobacterium by 58 %. The level of opportunistic pathogenic microflora decreased by Escherichia coli – by 45 %, Clostridium – by 27 %, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus – by 75 %, Candida – by 80 %, compared to the control.

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVENESS BACILLUS MEGATERIUM FOR SUBCLINICAL COW MASTITIS

Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in dairy farms is currently an important task for veterinarians to prevent the spread of the disease among the herd and to prevent the milk entrance from sick animals as a component of marketable produce.
 Research and treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows was carried out in LLC "Agrofirma Lan", Kindrativka village, Sumy district, Sumy region. Cows of experimental (D) groups with subclinical mastitis were feed concentrate with the addition of Bacillus megaterium (1٭109 CFU/g) at a dose of 35 grams per animal over a period of 30 days.
 The control group of cows (K) was given the routine food for dairy cows. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment with probiotic strain Bacillus megaterium (1٭109 CFU/g) in subclinical mastitis.
 The presence of possible metabolic changes in the body of cows was determined by biochemical parameters in serum samples (n = 15), which were studied spectrophotometrically by conventional methods (SHIMADZU UV-1800, Japan).
 At the end of the study period in cows with subclinical mastitis increase in total protein by 36,67 % and globulin by 75,11% was diagnosed. Prior to the start of the study period, cows with subclinical mastitis had increased urea nitrogen levels by 48,87 %, which is higher than the allowable reference values for cows. Also, the level of metabolites in sick cows at the end of the treatment period was lower by AST by 53,69 % and ALT by 51,33 %, compared with the beginning of the study. The results confirm the absence of toxic effects from the probiotic used for treatment. Also, Bacillus megaterium (1٭109 CFU/g) has a therapeutic effect at a dose of 35 grams per animal and reduces inflammation in the udder. Confirmation of these results is the indicator of the somatic cell count (SCC), which is reduced by 70 times at the end of the experiment compared to the beginning, which classifies the probiotic to the "Extra" grade.

Применение мази «Лювена» в терапии субклинических маститов у коров

The article presents the results of clinical trials of the ointment «Louvena» developed by «Set Hels» LLC. In production conditions on spontaneously sick lactating cows studied the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of subclinical form of mastitis. It has been established that two-fold at intervals of 12 hours rubbing ointment «Luven» in the skin of the affected lobes in a dose of 5 grams for 3–5 days gives a permanent therapeutic effect in the treatment of subclinical mastitis.

Efficacy of mastiguard and treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Efficacy of mastiguard and treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Antimicrobial activity and therapeutic efficacy of thiacycline in subclinical mastitisin sheep

Relevance. The work is devoted to the results of studying of the antimicrobial and therapeutic efficacy of the drug thiacycline in subclinical mastitis in sheep. The aim of our research еsеwas to study the antimicrobial activity and therapeutic efficacy of thiacycline in subclinical mastitis in lactating ewes.Methods. The study of antimicrobial activity was carried out by the method of serial dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium, on the basis of the Caspian zonal NIVI in the laboratory on the study of diseases of non-infectious etiology of farm animals. The therapeutic efficacy of thiacycline was studied in the SEC "Bukhti" of the Gunib district of Dagestan Republic on ewes of the Dagestan rock, aged from 3 to 5 years, with subclinical mastitis, in the amount of 51 heads. Animals on the basis of analogues were divided into two groups: experience (n = 26), control (n = 25). The animals of the experimental group were treated with thiacycline, the drug was administered intramuscularly, once a day, in dose 0.1 ml/kg. The test combination drug thiacycline developed by VIC. The control group was treated with bicillin-3, in dose 600,000 units per head, with an interval 72 hours.Results. The complex antibacterial drug thiacycline has a wide spectrum and high antimicrobial effect against museum strains and potential causative agents of sheep mastitis. The therapeutic efficacy of thiacycline in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in sheep – 97.0%, which is on 13.0% higher compared to bicillin-3. On the 7th day after the last administratin of preparation all the physicochemical parameters of milk corresponded to the physiological norm.

Effect of immuno-potentiating herbal agents on milk and haematological parameter of subclinical mastitis affected crossbred dairy cow

The main purpose of this trail was evaluate the efficacy of herbal ingredient for treatment of subclinical mastitis and to test out how these ingredients effect on milk quality and yield and also effect on haematological value. Total 48 cows were selected for this study kept in conventional housing system in university dairy farm Kanpur on the bases of California Mastitis Test and Somatic Cell Count. These were divided in to 6 groups. Each group consist 6 cows. Different type of herbal paste applied in udder every morning and evening for 10 days. Out of all herbal paste turmeric powder was the most efficient drug as 75% cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were recovered by treatment of each of them. Black pepper was lowest result recovered in this trail, only 37.5% cow was recovered. Cows suffering from subclinical mastitis showed a 62.5% recovery percentage when treated with lemon for ten days and 75 percent cows recovered from subclinical mastitis when treated with Garlic for ten days. Udder health status and milk quality can be enhanced with use of Garlic and Turmeric powder combination in cows.

Uso de aceite ozonizado en el tratamiento de mastitis subclínica en Vaca Jersey: Relato de caso

Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus results in large economic losses in cattle breeding. One of the major challenges for producers is controlling the disease in the dairy herd. Ozone therapy is an alternative method of treatment that has been growing in veterinary medicine due to its bactericidal, antifungal and antiviral potential. However, the present study reports the use of ozonized oil in the treatment of subclinical mastitis in Jersey cows.

Needles of Abies Sibirica in the Treatment of Subclinical Mastitis in Cows

Needles of Abies Sibirica in the Treatment of Subclinical Mastitis in Cows

Evaluation of Intramammary Platelet Concentrate Efficacy as a Subclinical Mastitis Treatment in Dairy Cows Based on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Amyloid A Levels

Evaluation of Intramammary Platelet Concentrate Efficacy as a Subclinical Mastitis Treatment in Dairy Cows Based on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Amyloid A Levels