Treatment Of Respiratory Bacterial Infections Research Articles

Antimicrobial Sensitivity among Bacterial Isolates from the Sputum Samples in a Tertiary level Hospital

ABSTRACT Introduction Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a huge challenge in management of pneumonias especially health care associated ones. Culture and sensitivity test of the bacteria from sputum samples is not only useful for rational treatment of respiratory bacterial infections of individual cases but also for surveillance of changing sensitivity status of prevalent organisms Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH) Kathmandu, Nepal with the aim of finding the bacterial sensitivity pattern from the sputum samples and endotracheal aspirate. Standard guideline was followed for sputum culture and identification of the bacterial isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Every bacterial isolate's sensitivity was noted. Results The culture positivity rate was 9.87 % (99/1003). Predominant isolates were gram-negative bacteria (97.4%). .(31%)Among the all isolates, 48.1% of Pseudomonas spp., 81.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 60% of Escherichia coli isolates showed meropenem resistance. Imipenem and meropenem resistance was observed in 91.7% of the isolates of Acinetobacter spp. i.e. imipenem and meropenem was higher in comparison to rate of resistance to aminoglycosides in all of the gram-negative isolates. Conclusions The isolates belonging to Enterobacterales and the Acinetobacter spp. have been found to have high incidence of resistance to carbapenems.

An Annotated Inventory of Tanzanian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Respiratory Bacterial Infections.

This review comprehensively covers and analyzes scientific information on plants used in Tanzanian traditional medicine against respiratory diseases. It covers ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information extracted from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Reaxys as well as the literature collected at the Institute of Traditional Medicine in Dar-es-Salaam. Crude extracts and fractions of 133 plant species have literature reports on antimicrobial bioassays. Of these, 16 plant species had a minimum inhibitory activity of MIC ≤ 50 µg/mL. Structurally diverse compounds were reported for 49 plant species, of which 7 had constituents with MIC ≤ 5 µg/mL against various bacteria: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, Warburgia ugandensis Sprague, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex DC., Cassia abbreviata Oliv., Entada abyssinica A. Rich., Strychnos spinosa Lam., and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg. The low number of antimicrobial active extracts and compounds suggests that antibacterial and antimycobacterial drug discovery needs to have a fresh look at ethnobotanical information, diverting from too reductionist an approach and better taking into account that the descriptions of symptoms and concepts of underlying diseases are different in traditional African and modern Western medicine. Nevertheless, some structurally diverse compounds found in anti-infective plants are highlighted in this review as worthy of detailed study and chemical modification.

Обґрунтування раціональної антибактеріальної терапії бактеріальних захворювань респіраторного тракту в дітей

У статті розглядається сучасний стан проблеми антибактеріальної терапії бактеріальних інфекцій дихальних шляхів у дітей. Науково обґрунтоване застосування при патології органів дихання препарату з групи цефалоспоринів ІІІ покоління — цефподоксиму проксетилу (Цефодокс). Наведено досвід зарубіжних та вітчизняних фахівців, а також власний досвід застосування цефподоксиму проксетилу в терапії респіраторних бактеріальних інфекцій у дітей.

Molecular identification and antibiogram profiles of respiratory bacterial agents isolated from cattle reared in some selected areas of Mymensingh division, Bangladesh

Respiratory bacterial infections in cattle are very common all over Bangladesh causing high economic loss. This research was performed with a view to proper control of respiratory bacterial infections of cattle in Bangladesh. A total of 100 nasal samples were collected on the basis of clinical signs. From the collected samples isolation, identification and characterization of the bacterial agents was done using cultural, biochemical and molecular techniques. Antibiogram profiles of the isolated agents were studied by disc diffusion method. Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were successfully isolated and identified from the collected samples. The isolated Pasteurella multocida produced small, round, opaque colonies on blood agar; Staphylococcus aureus produced golden yellow colony in mannitol salt agar; E. coli produced black color colonies with metallic sheen on EMB agar. Pasteurella multocida showed Gram negative, bipolar rods. Staphylococcus aureus showed Gram positive, cocci shaped and E. coli showed Gram negative, small rod shaped. Among 100 nasal samples 16 were found to be positive for Pasteurella multocida, 21 for Staphylococcus aureus and 13 for E. coli on the basis of cultural and biochemical characteristics. The antibiogram study reflected that ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol should be first choice of treatment of respiratory bacterial infections caused by the isolated 3 bacteria. Pasteurella multocida was further characterized by PCR where 16 isolates showed positive band at 460 bp and Pasteurella multocida type A at 1044 bp. The present research work covering antibiogram study is a preliminary report in the context of Bangladesh.
 Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2019, 4 (1), 60-66

Fosfomycin in treatment of respiratory bacterial infections.

A study was made of 40 patients suffering from clinically and bacteriologically demonstrated bacterial respiratory infections which were all treated with fosfomycin as the only antibiotic. Studies were made of the sensitivity of the isolated organisms and control of the eradicated and selected organisms. Analytical controls were performed on all patients before, during and after treatment. The average dose employed was 60 mg/kg/day, divided into four doses and administered parenterally. The duration of the treatment fluctuated between 6 and 11 days in 87% of the cases. A clinical and bacteriological evaluation was made of the results. The clinical response was satisfactory in 75% of the cases, partial in 7.5% and poor in 17.5%. The bacteriological evolution was satisfactory in 62.5%, partial in 12.5% and poor in 20%. It was not possible to control the evolution in 15% of the patients. The concentrations of the antibiotic were determined in the sputum of 6 patients and fluctuated between 0.6 and 12.9 mug/ml. In no case could any significant disorders be attributed to the antibiotic.