Antimicrobial Sensitivity among Bacterial Isolates from the Sputum Samples in a Tertiary level Hospital

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a huge challenge in management of pneumonias especially health care associated ones. Culture and sensitivity test of the bacteria from sputum samples is not only useful for rational treatment of respiratory bacterial infections of individual cases but also for surveillance of changing sensitivity status of prevalent organisms Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH) Kathmandu, Nepal with the aim of finding the bacterial sensitivity pattern from the sputum samples and endotracheal aspirate. Standard guideline was followed for sputum culture and identification of the bacterial isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Every bacterial isolate's sensitivity was noted. Results The culture positivity rate was 9.87 % (99/1003). Predominant isolates were gram-negative bacteria (97.4%). .(31%)Among the all isolates, 48.1% of Pseudomonas spp., 81.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 60% of Escherichia coli isolates showed meropenem resistance. Imipenem and meropenem resistance was observed in 91.7% of the isolates of Acinetobacter spp. i.e. imipenem and meropenem was higher in comparison to rate of resistance to aminoglycosides in all of the gram-negative isolates. Conclusions The isolates belonging to Enterobacterales and the Acinetobacter spp. have been found to have high incidence of resistance to carbapenems.