Treatment Of Peri-implant Diseases Research Articles

An evidence-based review on host modulatory agents in treatment of peri-implant disease

An evidence-based review on host modulatory agents in treatment of peri-implant disease

Research progress in topical antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of peri-implant diseases

Research progress in topical antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of peri-implant diseases

Soft tissue features of peri-implant diseases and related treatment.

The need for soft tissue grafting at implant sites for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases is a currently investigated and debated topic. The aim of this manuscript is to explore the inflammatory mechanisms at the peri-implant soft tissue compartment, to distinguish the structural components of the peri-implant soft tissue phenotype and their role on peri-implant health, and to appraise the clinical indications and expected outcomes of soft tissue augmentation procedures at peri-implant diseased sites. This narrative review depicts the inflammatory biomarkers and mediators in the peri-implant crevicular fluid utilized to diagnose peri-implant disease and that have been shown to be associated with peri-implant soft tissue phenotype modification and disease resolution. The impact of the peri-implant soft tissue phenotype, involving keratinized mucosa (KM) width, attached mucosa (AM), mucosal thickness (MT), and supracrestal tissue height (STH), on peri-implant health, esthetic, patient's comfort and disease prevention are discussed. The manuscript also illustrates the use of ultrasonography for the detection of peri-implant health/disease and the evaluation of the treatment outcomes following surgical therapies. Current evidence indicates that soft tissue phenotype modification at implant sites with inadequate KM width, AM and MT can be beneficial for promoting peri-implant health and improving patient's comfort and hygiene procedures. Treatment approaches and outcomes from the available literature on soft tissue phenotype modification in combination with conventional techniques at sites with peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis are presented and discussed in detail. Soft tissue grafting can be beneficial in preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. Clinical recommendations based on the disease, soft tissue phenotype characteristics and bone defect morphology are provided for a comprehensive hard- and soft-tissue-oriented treatment of peri-implant disease.

Study on Optimizing Novel Antimicrobial Peptides with Bifunctional Activity to Prevent and Treat Peri-Implant Disease.

The bacterial invasions and inflammatory responses after implant placement often affect osseointegration; the increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to poor formation of bone and bone absorption. Previous research has shown that the antimicrobial peptide 6K-F17 has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to optimize KR-1 and KR-2, based on 6K-F17, to apply to the tissue around the oral implant. Our first objective is to study its antibacterial properties, and then we intend to further study its osteogenic ability to osteoblasts by modulating the immune response of macrophages. In this research, KR-1 and KR-2 can inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm, and further kill bacteria S. gordonii and F. nucleatum by destroying the cell wall and cell membrane of bacteria. The novel peptides restrained the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by reducing the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and p65, inhibiting the degradation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of p65, and increasing the percentage of M2 phenotype in macrophages. This suppressed the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharides and enhanced the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts; this, in turn, promoted osteogenesis. The antimicrobial peptide KR-1 showed better performance. Our results demonstrate that KR-1 and KR-2 have antibacterial and bone immunomodulatory effects, and further promote osteogenesis by modulating the immune microenvironment, which provides the possibility for the adjuvant treatment of peri-implant diseases.

Impact of Smoking Habit on Peri-Implant Indicators following Different Therapies: A Systematic Review.

Peri-implant disease and its treatment is becoming a major concern for clinicians as the number of implants placed each year is rising. Smoking is a common habit, and it is associated with an increased risk of developing peri-implant disease. The role of smoking in the response to peri-implant treatment has never been investigated. Searches were conducted in electronic databases to screen articles published until August 2021. The included studies had at least two groups of patients: peri-implant disease only or peri-implant disease and smoking status. Outcomes of interest included plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), and analysis of peri-implant sulcular fluid. Seven hundred and forty-nine articles were found in the databases, only 71 articles potentially qualified. A total of seven studies with a minimum follow-up of six months were included. There is no homogeneity in the diagnosis, smoker definition and treatment proposed. All surgical and non-surgical treatment have statistically significantly different outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers. Recognizing this study’s limitations, we conclude that smoking might play a significant role on the outcome of peri-implant disease treatment. None of the proposed treatments appear to be significantly more effective.

A comparative evaluation of lasers and photodynamic therapy in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant diseases: A Bayesian network meta-analysis

PurposeWe conducted this Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different lasers and PDT compared to conventional mechanical debridement (CMD) for peri-implant treatment. MethodsThe Web of Science, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical effectiveness of adjunctive PDT, different lasers, and CMD until January 1st, 2022. Clinical outcomes were the changes in pocket probing depth (PPD), marginal bone loss (MBL), and clinical attachment level (CAL). ResultsTwenty-three studies, including 4 types of lasers, were included. Compared to that with CMD alone, PPD reduction was significantly more efficient in the diode laser (LD)+CMD groups (MD, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.13–0.93) and the PDT+CMD groups (MD, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.32–1.34) than in the CMD group in the follow-up period. Moreover, PDT+CMD treatment also showed a significantly better marginal bone level gain (MD, 0.32; 95%CI, 0.06–0.57). No significant effect on ΔCAL was observed among the different treatment strategies. Despite no differences in PPD reduction, MBL and CAL gains were found among the adjunctive laser treatment groups, PDT+CMD had the highest ranking probability of the most effective treatment in these clinical indices of periodontitis. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was judged as very low to moderate. ConclusionsWithin the limits of this NMA, we found that adjunctive PDT achieved a small additional benefit on PPD reduction and MBL gain compared with CMD alone and had the highest probability of being ranked first on the changes in PPD, MBL and CAL. PDT+CMD may represent an alternative method for peri‑implant treatment. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to assess the influence of potential confounders on the efficacy of lasers and PDT.

Common practices of dental implants maintenance among dental hygiene professionals in Israel and Germany.

The aim of this study was to assess the common practices of dental implant maintenance among dental hygiene professionals (DHP) in Israel (IL) and Germany (GE). An online questionnaire was developed by the Periodontology Departments of Tel Aviv (IL) and Frankfurt University (GE) to address demographics, training, prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases. The questionnaire was distributed by DHP associations via social media. The responses of 376 DHPs (IL: 169; GE: 207) were analysed. Most participants were female (IL: 168/99%; GE: 203/98%), had received education (IL: 179/97%; GE: 207/97%) and were working in their home countries (IL: 182/99%; GE: 211/99%). Peri-implant probing was not performed by 22% of DHPs in IL and 5% in GE. Of the DHPs who used probes, 49% used metal probes in IL, while 40% used plastic probes in GE (p < 0.001). A majority of DHPs performed peri-implant instrumentation (IL: 168/99%; GE: 190/92%). Most DHPs from IL did not use devices other than hand and/or sonic/ultrasonic instruments for peri-implant cleaning (IL: 130/77%; GE 5/2%); in GE, the use of airflow (IL: 31/18%; GE: 199/96%) is popular (p < 0.001). Most DHPs in IL and GE perform peri-implant probing and debridement. However, there are some distinct differences between the two countries regarding the choice of instruments and treatment regimens.

The use of lasers in peri-implant disease treatment and their efficacy in inflammation reduction: A narrative review

The use of lasers in peri-implant disease treatment and their efficacy in inflammation reduction: A narrative review

Efficacy of Antibiotics Used as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Peri-implant Mucositis and Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of antibiotics when used as an adjunct in treating peri-implant diseases. A systematic search of papers published between January 1980 and March 2020 was conducted. Randomized clinical trials with at least 10 patients who had peri-implant diseases, treated with or without adjunctive antibiotics in combination with surgical or nonsurgical therapies, and with a minimum of at least 3 months of follow-up were included. Meta-analyses were conducted to analyze weighted mean differences in probing depth reduction, radiographic bone level gain, and odds ratio of treatment success. From the 856 articles identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Of these, 7 articles were used for the meta-analysis. The adjunctive use of antibiotics in the treatment of peri-implant diseases yielded significantly greater probing depth reduction (weighted mean differences = 0.56 mm at 3 months, P = .001; 0.77 mm at 6 months, P < .00001; 0.92 mm at 12 months, P < .00001), radiographic bone level gain (weighted mean differences = 0.64 mm, P = .03), and treatment success (odds ratio = 1.74, P = .04) compared to the same treatment without antibiotics. Based on the existing evidence, the use of adjunctive antibiotics to treat peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, provided potential benefits in clinical outcomes for up to 12 months posttherapy.

Expression and significance of mucin-4 and matrix metalloproteinase-7 in peri-implant disease.

This study aims to detect the levels of mucin (MUC)-4, metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, and MMP-8 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and investigate whether the novel combinations of MMP-7 and MUC-4 are effective markers of peri-implant diseases, particularly when used in the PICF of healthy individuals, to provide a theoretical basis for finding a novel reference index that can aid the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of peri-implant diseases. A total of 63 subjects with 2-5 years of upper prosthesis loading were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, composed of 24 controls and 39 patients with peri-implantitis (PI) group. MUC-4, MMP-7, and MMP-8 levels were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences in age, sex, and other parameters were found between the PI and control groups. The PI group had higher MMP-7 and MMP-8 expression levels (P<0.05) but lower MUC-4 level (P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that MMP-7 was positively correlated with pocket probing depth (PPD) (r=0.451, P<0.001); MMP-8 was positively correlated with PPD, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) (r=0.619, P<0.001; r=0.478, P<0.001; r=0.332, P=0.009). MUC-4 was negatively correlated with PPD, BOP, and GI (r=-0.492, P<0.001; r=-0.321, P=0.010; r=-0.396, P=0.001). MMP-7, MMP-8, and MUC-4 had certain diagnostic efficacy for PI. MMP-8 exhibited the best diagnostic efficacy for PI. When the cutoff value of MMP-8 was >21.21, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.868, and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PI were 0.96 and 0.68, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-7 and MUC-4 parallel diagnostic models was higher than that of each factor, and the diagnostic sensitivity of the model for PI was 0.96, and the specificity was 0.56. Differences in MMP-7 and MUC-4 levels were found between the inflammation and control groups and may be diagnostic indicators for predicting PI; combinations of MMP-7 and MUC-4 had a good diagnostic value for inflammation.

Biomaterials and Biological Parameters for Fixed-Prosthetic Implant-Supported Restorations: A Review Study

Because of the increasing use of dental implants, dental practitioners should understand the treatment and nature of peri-implant diseases (PIDs). This disease is a serious problem of dentistry, regarding epidemiology and therapy. Due to the increase in the practice of implantology as well as the increased number of implants placed every year, the rate of PID has widely increased. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, gingivitis, and periodontitis are common clinical manifestations of the disease. PIDs are caused by chronic inflammatory processes in the tissues around an intraoral implant, with increasing incidence, and have become a health concern. Bacterial infections are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The imbalance between the host response and bacterial biofilm results in tissue destruction. New challenges lie in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of PIDs. The aim of this overview was to focus on the nature of the disease itself, useful diagnostic criteria, common responsible bacteria, and the prosthetic effects of fixed restorations on the health of the periodontium since recognizing the parameters involved in the development of periodontal and PIDs will play a crucial role in preventing the progression and minimizing the complications of these diseases having a fixed prosthesis.

Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Investigating the Efficacy of Different Nonsurgical Therapies for the Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases.

To summarize the methodologic quality and outcome measures from systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of different nonsurgical therapies for the treatment of peri-implant diseases. Two review authors independently searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of different nonsurgical therapies for treatment of peri-implant diseases in three different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. In addition, journals with a high impact factor in the fields of periodontics, prosthodontics, oral maxillofacial surgery, and implant dentistry were analyzed for potential reviews. The search was implemented from January 2010 through August 2020. Eligible reviews were screened and assessed to determine the characteristics and outcome measures. Furthermore, two review authors independently evaluated the methodologic quality by using the AMSTAR tool and the checklist proposed by Glenny et al. The interrater agreement was assessed by using the Cohen kappa coefficient. The assessment of correlation between the findings of the AMSTAR tool and Glenny et al checklist was performed by using the Spearman correlation. Fifteen systematic reviews and 12 meta-analyses were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. One review investigated the efficacy of growth factors and another investigated glycine powder air polishing, 5 evaluated the role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, 8 assessed the effect of laser therapy, and 13 compared the different nonsurgical therapies with the surgical therapies for the treatment of peri-implant diseases. The quality assessment score evaluated by the AMSTAR checklist ranged from 5 to 11 with a mean of 7.5 ± 1.8, whereas the score evaluated by the Glenny et al checklist ranged from 3 to 14 with a mean of 9.7 ± 2.8. Spearman correlation analysis between these two tools reported a high correlation (r = 0.91) that was statistically significant (P < .001). The summarized evidence of this overview shows that the different nonsurgical therapies are effective for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. The lack of sufficient long-term data involving large datasets results in their inconclusive efficacy in the treatment of peri-implantitis. However, the summary is determined from the moderate quality of evidence. Hence, future well-designed high-quality trials are encouraged to reassess the findings.

Glycine air-polishing versus curette debridement for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of glycine air-polishing compared to curette debridement on the treatment of peri-implant diseases. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Clinical trials of patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis treated with glycine air-polishing or curette debridement were selected. Six electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and BVS) were searched until july 2021. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools and the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Subgroup analyses were performed considering the follow-up period for peri-implant mucositis. Seven studies were included and meta-analyses were performed with three randomized clinical trials (RCTs), all presenting a low risk of bias. Low quality of evidence was achieved. Both treatments presented similar global results on the BOP and PI peri-implant mucositis analyses. Glycine air-polishing showed better results (p=0.04; I 2 =90%) on PD peri-implant mucositis meta-analysis. Data was insufficient to perform any analysis considering peri-implantitis. Although there was modest effect of glycine air polishing on probing depth compared to manual curatagge, there is insufficient evidence to suggest either glycine air-polishing or curette debridement to reduce signs of peri-implant diseases (CRD42019128599).

Evaluating the Knowledge of General Dentist Towards the Management of Peri-Implant Diseases: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Recently, implants have been widely considered as an option for replacing missing teeth. There are several biological conditions that must be considered for the success of an implant. Failure to satisfy any of these factors may result in complications, such as peri-implantitis or failure of the implant. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the general dentist's attitude towards the management of peri-implant diseases in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional electronic-based questionnaire was formulated based on the validated questionnaire from a previous study. It was targeted towards the general dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. The study sample consisted of 721 general dental practitioners. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions divided into five sections. Pearson's chi-square test was used for inferential statistical analysis with Holm's correction, for adjusted p-value, the alpha at 95% confidence interval was 0.05, and all values below alpha were considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of participants had attended an implant training course (51.2%) while the rest had not (48.7%). The majority of the participants (67.3%) thought they need special instruments for the detection of peri-implantitis but only 29.5% thought they do not need any special instruments for the intended purpose. Most participants (79.3%) said they can identify and differentiate between normal and abnormal soft tissue around an implant, while 6.5% of the respondents could not. More than half of the participants (54.8%) could differentiate between peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and 19.4% had no idea about this. Amoxicillin &amp; metronidazole was considered as the best and most effective antibiotic by the majority of respondents (76%), while only (5%) of dentists selected ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This study concludes by suggesting that most of the participants have adequate knowledge about peri-implant soft tissue assessment, mechanism of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, its initiation and progression along with its management. Most of the participants found the training courses on peri-implantitis to be efficient. It is recommended to conduct more courses and studies that would aim at understanding the pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-implant diseases so as to increase awareness among general dentists.

Peri-Implantitis Regenerative Therapy: A Review.

Simple SummaryRegenerative therapies are one of the options to treat peri-implantitis diseases that cause peri-implant bone loss. This review reports classic and current literature to describe the available knowledge on regenerative peri-implant techniques.The surgical techniques available to clinicians to treat peri-implant diseases can be divided into resective and regenerative. Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the soft and hard tissues around dental implants. Despite the large number of investigations aimed at identifying the best approach to treat these conditions, there is still no universally recognized protocol to solve these complications successfully and predictably. This review will focus on the regenerative treatment of peri-implant osseous defects in order to provide some evidence that can aid clinicians in the approach to peri-implant disease treatment.

Ibero‐Panamerican Federation of Periodontics Delphi study on the trends in diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant diseases and conditions: A Latin American consensus

The social diversity, heterogeneous culture, and inherent economic inequality factors in Latin America (LA) justify conducting a comprehensive analysis on the current status and future trends of peri-implant diseases and conditions. Thus, the aim of this Delphi study was to predict the future trends in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases and conditions in LA countries for the year 2030. A Latin American steering committee and group of experts in implant dentistry validated a questionnaire including 64 questions divided into eight sections. The questionnaire was run twice with an interval of 45 days, with the results from the first round made available to all the participants in the second round. The results were expressed in percentages and data was analyzed describing the consensus level reached in each question. A total of 221 experts were invited to participate in the study and a total 214 (96.8%) completed the two rounds. Moderate (65%-85%) to high consensus (≥85%) was reached in 51 questions (79.69%), except in the questions dealing with "prevalence", where no consensus was reached. High and moderate consensus was attained for all the questions in three fields (risk factors and indicators, diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant conditions and deficiencies, and prevention and maintenance). The present study has provided relevant and useful information on the predictions in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases with a high level of consensus among experts. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of agreement in certain domains.

The Treatment of Peri-Implant Diseases: A New Approach Using HYBENX® as a Decontaminant for Implant Surface and Oral Tissues.

Background: Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process involving soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. The management of peri-implant disease has several protocols, among which is the chemical method HYBENX®. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of HYBENX® in the treatment of peri-implantitis and to compare HYBENX® with other chemical agents used in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: The present study included a population of ten subjects with severe peri-implantitis. The procedure used in the study involves the application of HYBENX® after open-flap debridement. Each patient has been followed for 12 months after a single application of the decontaminant agent. Clinical and radiographical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months after treatment completion. Results: At baseline, a mean pocket probing depth (PPD) of 7.3 ± 0.5 mm and a mean clinical attachment level (CAL) of 8.8 ± 0.8 mm was recorded. An average residual PPD of 4.2 ± 0.5 mm and a mean CAL of 5.2 ± 0.8 mm were observed after 1 year. Additionally, the average of bone gain was about 3.4 mm, with a mean marginal bone level (MBL) change from 5.8 mm (baseline) to 2.4 mm (12 months). In total, 90% of the treated implants reached the success rate after the 1-year follow-up. Only in one case out of ten treated implants was resolution of the disease not achieved. Conclusion: Clinical improvements highlight that the procedure of open-flap debridement (OFD) + HYBENX® may be considered an effective technique in the treatment of peri-implantitis. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of HYBENX® in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is promising. Overall, this protocol demands further studies to better understand the role and potential benefits of HYBENX® in the treatment of peri-implantitis.

Effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation of different titanium surfaces on osteoblast response

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on titanium surface topography and the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts using standard clinical treatment settings. Er:YAG laser irradiation at two levels ((1): 160 mJ, pulse at 20 Hz; (2): 80 mJ, pulse at 20 Hz) was applied to moderately rough and smooth titanium disks before MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on these surfaces. Titanium surface and cell morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation/viability was measured by CCK-8 test. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and collagen type 1 was measured by qPCR, and OPG and OC protein production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with Er:YAG laser at 160 mJ/20 Hz markedly caused heat-induced fusion of titanium and cell condensation on moderately rough surfaces, but not in smooth surfaces. MG-63 proliferation/viability decreased after 5 days in moderately rough surfaces. The expression of ALP, OC, OPG, and collagen type 1 was unaffected by laser treatment at 160 mJ/20. Laser irradiation at 80 mJ/20 Hz enhanced RANKL gene expression after 5 days in moderately rough surfaces. Study results suggest that Er:YAG laser irradiation at clinically relevant setting has no essential effect on osteogenic gene and protein expression of osteoblasts. However, surface structure, cell attachment, and proliferation are influenced by both treatment protocols, which implies that caution should be taken in the clinical treatment of peri-implant diseases when Er:YAG laser is used.

Clinical effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the last decades, the presence of peri-implant diseases (PD) has increased. One of the therapies currently used is probiotics with Lactobacillus reuteri (LR). The aim of this article is to determinate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of LR in the treatment of PD. We searched the literature until January 2021, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were: randomized controlled clinical trials, without language and time restriction, reporting the clinical effects (depth to probing, plaque index and bleeding index) of the LR in the PD treatment. The risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane tool for randomized studies using Review Manager software. The search strategy resulted in 6 articles of which four investigated peri-implantitis and three peri-implant mucositis. All studies reported that there was a difference in the depth of the probing in the treatment of PD, in favor of the group using LR, though not always achieving significance. The use of LR can be clinically effective in terms of pocket depth reduction in the treatment of PD.

Efficacy of Probiotics as Adjunctive Therapy to Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Peri-implant mucositis (PiM) is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the dental implant and is the precursor of the destructive inflammatory peri-implantitis. PiM is usually reversible, but difficult to eradicate. Mechanical debridement (MD) is the conventional procedure to treat PiM although not enough to reach a complete resolution. Recently, probiotics have been considered in the treatment of peri-implant disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of the probiotic therapy combined with MD compared with MD alone or MD + placebo in patients with PiM. Methods: A search using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Science Direct databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search were performed up to November 2019 by two reviewers independently of each other. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MD + probiotic vs. MD were included. The quality assessment for all the selected RCTs was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Probing depth reduction was selected as the primary outcome. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, using random effect models. This review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020213625). Results: Five eligible publications were included in this systematic review and four in the meta-analysis. As regards the implant, the WMD in the probing depth reduction between the test and control group was −0.12 mm [95% CI (−0.38, 0.14), p = 0.38], meaning that the adjunctive probiotic therapy was not improving PiM compared with MD alone or MD + placebo. The meta-analysis also showed no statistically significant results in the secondary outcomes (reduction of full mouth plaque index and full mouth bleeding on probing, absence of bleeding on probing at implant level, and changes in microorganism load and species). Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the additional use of probiotics did not improve the efficacy of MD in PiM treatment regarding clinical and microbial outcomes, at least in a short-term.