Jet Treatment Research Articles

Investigating effects of air-cold plasma jet on enzymatic activity and nutritional quality attributes of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) juice

This study aimed to investigate the effects of air-cold plasma jet processing on the quality of mangosteen juice using an experimental design that varied the duty cycle of the power source (30%–70%), air flow rate (1–5 L/min), and treatment time (2–10 min). Changes in pH, color, ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic content, enzyme activities, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The cold plasma jet treatment substantially inactivated polyphenol oxidase, reducing its activity by up to 60% across all tested conditions, while peroxidase activity exhibited varying responses. The optimal treatment conditions (60% duty cycle, 4 L/min air flow rate, and 4 min treatment time) maximized bioactive compound levels, resulting in an 87.75% increase in AA content, along with substantial increases in total anthocyanins, phenolic content, and flavonoids. Cold plasma jet improved antioxidant activity, particularly in the DPPH radical scavenging activity. No notable change in color was observed. This study highlights the effectiveness of cold plasma technology for processing mangosteen juice while preserving its essential nutritional and physical qualities. The method offers a promising nonthermal alternative for maintaining the quality of high-value processing-sensitive mangosteen juice.

COMPARISON OF CHOSEN METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ABRASIVE WATER JET TREATMENT PROCESS

Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJ) is characterized by significantly better efficiency and better precision for difficult-to-machine materials than conventional machining technologies. However, the larger number of control parameters characterizing this process needs optimization. The study compares the performance of three nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, ALO, GWO, and MFO for optimizing the abrasive water jet (AWJ) treatment. The Response Surface Methodology was used to determine the cost function. The study evaluates the convergence and computational cost of the algorithms to aid future developments in this field. The study aims to maximize the cutting thickness by predicting the optimal water-abrasive cutting parameters (nozzle diameter, abrasive concentration, feed speed). For all three algorithms, the maximum cutting depth was determined to be 87.47 mm, which differs only less than 3% from the actual value. The results highlight the potential of ant-lion optimization (ALO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and (MFO) moth-flame optimization algorithms for resolving optimization issues in AWJ machining.

Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance of NiMoO4/Carbon Paper Electrocatalysts in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment.

NiMoO4 was grown on carbon paper (CP) by a hydrothermal method. A rapid and high-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) process was used to generate more oxygen-deficient NiMoO4 on the CP surface to serve as an electrode material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After 60 s of APPJ treatment, the overpotential of the electrode at 100 mA/cm2 decreased to 790 mV and that at 10 mA/cm2 decreased to 368 mV. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance decreased from 2.8 to 1.2 Ω, indicating that APPJ treatment effectively reduced the electrode overpotential and impedance. The effect of NiMoO4/CP/APPJ-60 s on the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) system was also tested. At a system temperature of 70 °C and current density of 100 mA/cm2, the energy efficiency reached 95.1%, and the specific energy consumption decreased from 4.02 to 3.83 kWh/m3. These results demonstrate that the APPJ-treated NiMoO4/CP electrode can effectively enhance the OER performance in water electrolysis and improve the energy efficiency of the AEMWE system. This approach shows promise in replacing precious metal electrodes, thereby potentially reducing the cost and providing an environmentally friendly alternative.

Characterization of Plasma Jet Treated Composite Chitosan with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Films

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the properties of polymer composite films comprised of chitosan and 1% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles following treatment with a plasma jet, using argon as the working gas. Hydroxyapatite is typically added to chitosan to enhance its mechanical properties. The study found that plasma jet treatment increases both the mechanical strength and elastic modulus of the films. Additionally, the treatment reduces the water contact angle (WCA) from 70° to 26°, indicating improved hydrophilicity от. FTIR spectroscopy results confirm that no new chemical bonds are formed during the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the removal of amorphous regions in the polymer film post-treatment. This modification enhances the adhesion of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (FetMSCs) to the film, suggesting that these treated films could be suitable for biomedical applications.

Characterization of modified low‐density polyethylene by cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment in the melt state

AbstractCold plasma treatment in the melt state is a novel area of research focused on producing modified polymers, hence more research on the underlying plasma‐polymer interactions in this context is needed. In this study, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was treated with a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet (CAPPJ) during melt processing in a polymer batch mixer. Electron spin resonance (ESR) results proved that plasma treatment effectively generates free radicals in the material, increasing the room temperature spin concentration by an order of magnitude to 2 × 1015 spins g−1. The generated radicals react mainly by cross‐linking, forming a gel phase of up to 31%, and consequently increasing the polymer's melt viscosity. Furthermore, oxidation was established as solely a thermal effect limited by radical availability at the interface exposed to the atmosphere, whereas plasma exposure did not lead to further oxidation. Interestingly, plasma appears to interact with the thermally created ketone groups, possibly forming unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

Impact of DBD Plasma Jet Treatment on the Enamel Surface of Primary Teeth.

The impact of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment on the enamel of twelve primary teeth (incisors, canines, and molars) collected from six children was examined in order to evaluate the possibility of using the CAP technique in dental applications. A radio-frequency dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet operating at a voltage of 3.25 kV using a mixture of helium and oxygen as the working gas was used for the generation of plasma as part of the electro-technological method for the treatment of biological material. The plasma exposure time for the primary teeth was 5, 10, and 20 min. The properties of tooth enamel (color, contact angles, surface roughness, surface topography, elemental composition) were examined before (control) and after the plasma treatment. As shown by the results, the plasma treatment time is a key parameter that can induce desired features, such as whitening or improved wettability. However, with prolonged plasma treatment (20 min), the enamel surface may be permanently damaged. The cold-plasma-treated samples were characterized by a higher value of the brightness L* parameter and thus a lighter color, compared to the CAP-untreated teeth. It was also evidenced that the plasma treatment increased the hydrophilicity of tooth surfaces, and the contact angles effectively decreased with the time of the CAP treatment. The tooth surface also became much more heterogeneous and rough with much greater amplitudes in heights. The surface of the primary teeth after the CAP treatment lost its homogeneity, as evidenced by the SEM micrographs. The analysis of the elemental composition revealed only minor changes after the plasma process, which may suggest that the observed morphological changes in the enamel surface are mainly physical and are not a consequence of chemical reactions between the enamel and the reactive components of the cold plasma. Plasma treatment of teeth opens up new possibilities of using this method as an alternative to whitening or pre-treatment before other dental procedures.

Improving the Mechanical, Thermoelectric Insulations, and Wettability Properties of Acrylic Polymers: Effect of Silica or Cement Nanoparticles Loading and Plasma Treatment.

The acrylic polymer composites in this study are made up of various weight ratios of cement or silica nanoparticles (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) using the casting method. The effects of doping ratio/type on mechanical, dielectric, thermal, and hydrophobic properties were investigated. Acrylic polymer composites containing 5 wt% cement or silica nanoparticles had the lowest abrasion wear rates and the highest shore-D hardness and impact strength. The increase in the inclusion of cement or silica nanoparticles enhanced surface roughness, water contact angle (WCA), and thermal insulation. Acrylic/cement composites demonstrated higher mechanical, electrical, and thermal insulation properties than acrylic/silica composites because of their lower particle size and their low thermal/electrical conductivity. Furthermore, to improve the surface hydrophobic characteristics of acrylic composites, the surface was treated with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet. The DBD plasma jet treatment significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of acrylic polymer composites. For example, the WCA of acrylic composites containing 5 wt% silica or cement nanoparticles increased from 35.3° to 55° and 44.7° to 73°, respectively, by plasma treatment performed at an Ar flow rate of 5 L/min and for an exposure interval of 25 s. The DBD plasma jet treatment is an excellent and inexpensive technique for improving the hydrophobic properties of acrylic polymer composites. These findings offer important perspectives on the development of materials coating for technical applications.

Enhancing wetting and adhesion of stainless steel (SS304) surfaces with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet treatment

Enhancing the adhesion of coatings to metallic surfaces can be achieved through decontamination and increased surface energy. Among the various techniques used for functionalizing metallic surfaces, such as chemical etching, laser etching, flame treatment, and ultraviolet radiation; dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma stands out as a promising option. It offers low-power, cost-effective, room-temperature operation and provides treatment with minimal alteration of subsurface properties. This study investigates using a DBD plasma jet to increase the treatment area, surface wettability, organic decontamination, and paint adhesion on stainless steel (SS304). The impact of different plasma treatments and aging times on the liquid contact angles and corresponding surface energies are experimentally examined. The results indicate that the surface energy of SS304 increases with treatment time. This is evident from the substantial reduction in water contact angles from 67° to 29° with 5s treatment time and to 18° with 60s treatment time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements are carried out to correlate this increase in surface energy to an increase in oxide bonds and decontamination of organic species, resulting in surface activation. However, it is observed that the plasma-treated surfaces exhibit no significant alterations in surface morphology, as confirmed through analyses of surface roughness and micro-hardness. Cross-hatch adhesion tests are carried out to demonstrate that the plasma surface treatment results in a significant improvement in surface adhesion to external coatings. Furthermore, the study evaluates the impact of DBD plasma jet treatment speed and dose on coating adhesion, providing valuable insights for making a trade-off between treatment quality and energy efficiency. The findings could extend the applicability of the DBD plasma jet to various areas, including anti-fogging surfaces, water harvesting, paints and coatings, and organic decontamination of surfaces.

The oxidative stress mechanism of Bacillus cereus spores induced by atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Emerging plasma technology has demonstrated its effectiveness in inactivating bacteria and spores, showing wide applicability in environment cleaning and in the food supply chain. Studies have revealed that the main reason of plasma-mediated bacterial inactivation were contributed to the oxidative damage on inner membranes (IMs) of cell, while few research paid attention to the oxidation stress process of lipid in spores’ IMs. This study investigated the impact of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment on spore inactivation, focusing on oxidative stress mechanisms and changes in membrane lipid composition. Results demonstrated that APPJ treatment induced significant oxidative stress within spores, characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This oxidative stress led to the peroxidation of glycerophospholipids, particularly phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin, major components of spore membranes. Subsequently, the rearrangement of membrane lipid and the formation of lipid hydroperoxide, caused by the released cations and RONS, accelerated membrane instability. These changes correlated with increased membrane permeability and structural damage observed via flow cytometry, indicating the critical role of membrane lipid peroxidation in spore inactivation. Furthermore, the study highlighted the potential of APPJ as a robust technology for enhancing food safety by targeting spore-forming pathogens throughout the food supply chain.

Analysis of discharge parameters of an argon cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its impact on surface characteristics of White Grapes

An argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) jet operated using bipolar pulsed power supply has been characterised electro-optically and the discharge parameters are optimized. An analysis has been done on the impact of the argon CAP jet treatment on the surface properties of white grapes for different treatment time period. The developed argon CAP jet is a plasma source based on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that has been tuned at various input parameters including applied voltage, frequency, average power consumption, and argon flow rate. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the generated species along with plasma parameters. The collisional–radiative (CR) model is employed to extract the electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te) from the spectra at the optimised applied voltage of 4 kV, frequency 20 kHz and argon flow rate of 4 slpm. The OES results coupled with the CR model (ne ∼ 1014 cm−3 and Te ∼ 1 eV) and the plasma gas temperature measurement through OH (A-X) transitions (Tg ∼ 310.5 K) show the non-equilibrium nature of the argon CAP jet. A comparative analysis between untreated and treated white grapes reveals that the argon CAP jet treatment influences surface microstructure, increasing hydrophilicity (with a ∼49.3% decrease in water contact angle) along with slight changes in surface temperature (∼5 °C increase), colour (ΔE* < 1.5), and physiochemical properties such as chemical composition (no change) and Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content (∼8.3%). It is inferred that this type of CAP jet treatment of white grapes only affects the physical characteristics of the grape surface and does not alter any chemical compositions.

Research on Solid-State Linear Transformer Driver Power Source Driving Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment of Epoxy Resin

The Solid-State Linear Transformer Driver (SSLTD) is a nanosecond pulse power source characterized by its fast rise time and adjustable output waveform. It can generate uniform and stable atmospheric plasma jets, which is suitable for material surface modification. In this study, a 15-stage SSLTD was designed and assembled, which can produce a stable nanosecond pulse voltage up to 15 times the amplitude of the charging voltage at high frequencies, with a rise time of approximately 10 ns. This device can be used to generate stable atmospheric pressure Ar plasma jets with an electron density in the range of 1015~1016 cm−3 and gas temperatures close to room temperature. After the modification treatment by the plasma jets, the content of the C=O groups on the surface of the epoxy resin significantly increased in the wavelength range of 1720~1740 cm−1, and its flashover resistance was noticeably enhanced. The optimal comprehensive modification effect was achieved at a charging voltage of 600 V, pulse width of 50 ns, and pulse frequency in the range of 800~1000 Hz.

Ultrasonic treatment of aerosol jet printed traces

Abstract Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a contactless direct-write approach aimed at the production of fine features on a wide range of substrates. The technology has been explored for a variety of applications, including active and passive electronic components, actuators, sensors, and a variety of selective chemical and biological responses. However, the quality of conductive traces printed with nanoparticle inks using AJP can be affected by several factors, including carrier and sheath gas flow rate, ink properties, and substrate material properties. A typical defect present in the prints, such as non-uniform metal particle distribution, solvent local concentration, porosity, delamination, and bubbles, can be reduced by additional ultrasonic post-printing treatment. Therefore, the article investigates the influence of the self-designed sonotrode tool on the quality of conductive traces printed with nanoparticle inks using AJP. An ultrasonic head was fixed in a tandem position behind a printing nozzle at a distance equal to the node of ultrasonic waves. In this article, it was found that ultrasound has a positive effect on the quality of printed traces by improving degassing with simultaneous uniform particle distribution. As a result, the surface open porosity obtained for printed and ultrasonically treated traces was decreased almost seven times from 17.2 to 2.7%, respectively. An improved surface and structural morphology increased electrical resistivity in the prints from 6.85 to 4.57 µΩ cm. The analysis included quantifying the macroscale geometry, electrical properties, and micromorphological characteristics of the traces. The results of this article suggest that the application of ultrasonic-assisted aerosol jet printing with a proper tool improves the quality of AJP prints.

Low-temperature plasma jet treatment generates reactive oxygen species in solution that leads to peptide oxidation and protein aggregation

Abstract Low-temperature plasma (LTPs) jets are FDA-approved medical devices to remove cancerous tissue and aid in wound healing. However, reports on their reaction with proteins are conflicting, ranging from fragmentation, oxidation, aggregation, or a combination thereof. In this study we bridge the gap between plasma-treatment of short peptides to proteins at physiologically relevant concentrations. The LTP in this study is based on a helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that forms a plasma-jet, which is directed at the solution without direct contact with the plasma, and results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) OH• and O2•- in solution. The longer the solution is treated, the more solution-phase ROS form. Treating peptide- and protein-containing solutions leads to extensive oxidation. The ROS led to the same oxidative modifications for peptide M with increasing chain length (9, 18, 37, 76 amino acids), which could be identified with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Oxidized species M+xO led to conformational changes such as compaction and elongation, while the unmodified peptide M remained unaltered, as found by ion mobility spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. For proteins at high concentration, insoluble aggregates formed and could be identified by UV/Vis light scattering and atomic force microscopy. The formation of aggregates is dependent on the amino acid chain length, the peptide concentration, and the time for aggregate formation. These findings highlight the importance of both peptide chain length and concentration in determining the fate of peptides following the exposure to LTP, while also offering valuable insights for the field of plasma medicine. &amp;#xD;

Effects of cold atmospheric plasma‐treated medium on HaCaT and HUVEC cells in vitro

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology that can generate various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) at room temperature and shows promising applications for skin wound healing. The effects of plasma‐treated medium (PTM) promoting cell proliferation have been verified, but the biological mechanisms involved are not well known. This study aims to assess the proliferation effect and mechanism induced by PTM on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. The results showed that the concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− inside PTM increased in a time‐dependent manner as the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment time was prolonged. The biological outcomes were determined by cell counting kit, wound healing assay, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot analysis. The cell viability and motility assays indicated that appropriate plasma conditions of short treatment time (15s‐, 30s‐ and 45s‐PTM) could promote cell proliferation, while long treatment time would inhibit cell proliferation (60s‐PTM). With an appropriate time of PTM treatment, the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor‐α (VEGF‐α) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α) was promoted and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/serine‐threonine protein kinase pathways were activated, which induced HaCaT and HUVEC cell proliferation eventually. These behaviors of cells were mainly related to the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. These findings established a theoretical foundation for potential clinical applications of PTM in wound healing.

Soy proteins modified using cavitation jet technology

Soy proteins are seen as a promising alternative food source for meat with environmentally friendly properties. The problem is that the functional properties of soy proteins do not meet the needs of the food industry, and some existing modification technologies have adverse effects. Recently, cavitation jet technology (CJT) has been studied because it generates high heat, high pressure, strong shear and strong shock waves. This review summarizes the history and mechanism of cavitation jets. The energy generated during the cavitation jet process can open molecular structures, and the shock waves and microjets generated can pulverize the materials by erosion. The impact of the CJT on the morphology, structure, and functionality of soy proteins is discussed. The impact of combining CJT with other techniques on the production of soy proteins was also reviewed. The modification of proteins using two or more methods with complementary strengths, avoiding the disadvantages of certain techniques, makes the modification of proteins more effective. One of the most prominent effects is the combined treatment of cavitation jets with physical techniques. Finally, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of modified soy proteins in the food industry and highlights promising avenues for future research.

Enhancing High-Alloy Steel Cutting with Abrasive Water Injection Jet (AWIJ) Technology: An Approach Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

The common machining technologies for difficult-to-machine materials do not remarkably ensure acceptable efficiency and precision in bulk materials cutting. High-energy abrasive water injection jet (AWIJ) treatment can cut diverse materials, even multi-layer composites characterized by divergent properties, accurately cutting complex profiles and carrying them out in special circumstances, such as underwater locations or explosion hazard areas. This work reports research on the AWIJ machining quality performance of X22CrMoV12-1 high-alloy steel. The response surface method (RSM) was utilized in modeling. The most influencing process control parameters on cut kerf surface roughness-abrasive flow rate, pressure, and traverse speed-were tested. The result is a mathematical model of the process in the form of a three-variable polynomial. The key control parameter affecting the cut slot roughness turned out to be the traverse speed. In contrast, pressure has a less significant effect, and the abrasive mass flow rate has the slightest impact on the cut slot roughness. Under the optimal conditions determined as a result of the tests, the roughness of the intersection surface Sq does not exceed 2.3 μm. Based on the ANOVA, we confirmed that the model fits over 96% appropriately with the research outcomes. This method reduces the computations and sharply determines the optimum set of control parameters.

Comparative analysis of disinfection effectiveness of Helium CAP jet, sodium hypochlorite and QMix in Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals

In this work, a new geometry Helium Cold Atmospheric-pressure Plasma (CAP) jet operated using bi-polar pulsed power source is reported. Its effectiveness in disinfecting E. faecalis infected root canals is evaluated and compared to that of 5.25% NaOCl and QMix at various time intervals. Before treatment, the jet has been characterized electrically and accordingly optimized for different operating parameters. Kruskal–Wallis Rank Sum and Wilcoxon tests are performed to analyse the difference among all the treatment groups. The CAP jet has shown maximum antibacterial efficiency at 10 min of exposure. CAP Jet, NaOCl, and QMix treatment achieved maximum percentage reductions of 90.8%, 99.99% and 96%, respectively. However, NaOCl and QMix have several disadvantages. It is predicted that the controlled exposure of CAP jet can be used as root canal disinfectant and best optimized further as a non-intrusive method.

Direct Current Pulse Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment on Electrochemically Deposited NiFe/Carbon Paper and Its Potential Application in an Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is used to process electrochemically deposited NiFe on carbon paper (NiFe/CP). The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) of the APPJ modify the surface properties, chemical bonding types, and oxidation states of the material at the self-sustained temperature of the APPJ. The APPJ treatment further enhances the hydrophilicity and creates a higher disorder level in the carbon material. Moreover, the metal carbide bonds of NiFe/CP formed in the electrochemical deposition (ED) process are converted to metal oxide bonds after APPJ processing. The potential application of APPJ treatment on NiFe/CP in alkaline water electrolysis is demonstrated. With more oxygen-containing species and better hydrophilicity after APPJ treatment, APPJ-treated NiFe/CP is applied as the electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water electrolysis. APPJ-treated NiFe/CP is also used in a custom-made anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE); this should contribute toward realizing the practical large-scale application of AEM for hydrogen production.

Enhanced dye degradation using plasma bubbles for the sustainable environmental remediation

This study proposes a novel and eco-friendly approach for wastewater treatment using plasma jet technology under bubble condition. This method allows for the controlled production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH•) while minimizing unwanted interactions with nitrogen in the air. The presence of bubbles in liquid significantly boosts the diffusion of OH• within the wastewater, leading to a two-fold increase in degradation rate compared to normal condition. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which showed a significant decrease in rhodamine B and methyl orange absorbance peaks. Raman spectroscopy further revealed structural changes in both pollutants, indicating successful degradation. Additionally, plasma characteristics like power, electron temperature, and density were monitored to gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanism. Importantly, the process minimizes the formation of harmful secondary pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants were found under concentration of 0.14 mg m−3 which is below established safety thresholds, adhering to World Health Organization guidelines. This research demonstrates that plasma jet treatment in bubble condition not only enhances the degradation efficiency of pollutants in wastewater but also minimizes the formation of harmful byproducts. This represents a significant breakthrough in developing sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.

Sample preparation using plasma jet treatment for total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) is widely used for trace element analysis. This method is advantageous because of its simple sample preparation. However, the sample must be placed within the analytical volume (region and height). In this study, the analytical volume was experimentally evaluated and visualized using thin, localized Au layers. The intensity distributions of the Au Lβ lines and background Au Lβ peaks were visualized. Images of the intensity ratio of the Au Lβ line and the background peak were drawn and analyzed to determine the analysis region on the glass substrate depending on the glancing angle. A glancing angle of 0.025° was optimal for TXRF analysis, resulting in a large signal-to-background (SB) ratio. Glancing angles of 0.05° and 0.075° were also effective for obtaining large SB ratios for a relatively large area (>4 mm2). To reduce the thickness of the dried residue and the self-absorption of the XRF emitted from the residue, a glass substrate was subjected to He plasma jet treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the carbon contamination was reduced from the surface of the glass by the plasma jet treatment, thereby modifying the chemical properties to confer hydrophilicity to the glass surface. The time variation of the C1 s peak intensity suggests that the hydrophilic property was maintained for several hours. The plasma-treated glass was effective in obtaining a thin layer-like residue from a white wine sample. The TXRF results indicated improved recovery and RSD, particularly for low-Z elements, because the absorption effect was reduced in the thin layer-like residue.