Treatment Of Industrial Effluents Research Articles

Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metal Ions

The article is devoted to the sorption treatment of industrial effluents, which contain heavy metal ions (HMI) by the natural clay mineral kaolinite - an activated adsorbent. The main sources of HMI receipts are revealed - industrial and agricultural production. The influence of heavy metals on human health is considered. The results of studies of wastewater treatment using filtration through an activated adsorbent of Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, ions, mixed waste are presented. Dolomite and magnetite were chosen as activators. The optimal composition of activators has been determined. When using the proposed method of wastewater treatment, separation into streams of chromium-containing and acid-base wastewater is excluded. The high quality of purified water with an activated adsorbent makes it possible to use it in closed water use systems. The cheapness and availability of natural clay adsorbents, high performance properties, allow us to offer it as an industrial sorbent.

Selective and highly efficient removal of uranium from radioactive effluents by activated carbon functionalized with 2-aminobenzoic acid as a new sorbent

The purpose of this study was modification of activated carbon (AC) to prepare a new selective sorbent for removal of uranium ion. The modification was performed by introducing carboxyl groups onto AC using ammonium persulfate (APS) in sulfuric acid solution followed by functionalization with 2-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) as a selective ligand for U (VI) ion (UO22+) adsorption. The characterization of the synthetized sorbent (AC-ABA) was carried out through several methods including potentiometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and FT-IR to confirm successful functionalization of the sorbent surface with oxygen and amine groups. The sorption of U (VI) on the unmodified AC and AC-ABA was investigated as a function of contact time, sorbent content, initial uranium concentration, solution pH, and temperature using batch sorption technique. In addition, the effect of various parameters on the U (VI) sorption capacity was optimized by the response surface methodology as a potent experimental design method. The results indicated that sorption of U (VI) under the optimal conditions was significantly improved onto AC-ABA compared to AC. Kinetic studies displayed that the sorption process reached equilibrium after 100 min and followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The isothermal data fitted better with the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The maximum sorption capacity of AC-ABA for U(VI) was obtained to be 194.2 mg g−1 by the Langmuir model under optimum conditions, which demonstrates the sorption capacity has been improved by the modification process. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) indicated that sorption of uranium onto AC-ABA was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The sorption studies on radioactive effluents of the nuclear fuel plant represented high selectivity of AC-ABA for removal of uranium in the presence of other metal ions, and the selectivity coefficients significantly improved after modification of the sorbent. Application of AC-ABA for treatment of industrial effluents containing heavy and radioactive metal ions show high potential and capability of the proposed method.

Characterization and Kinetic Studies of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymer Inclusion Membrane for the Malachite Green Extraction.

Textile industry effluent contains a high amount of toxic colorants. These dyes are carcinogenic and threats to the environment and living beings. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) was used as the based polymer for PIMs with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the carrier and plasticizer. The fabricated PIMs were employed to extract the cation dye (Malachite Green; MG) from the feeding phase. PIMs were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle, water uptake, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ions exchange capacity. The performance of the PIMs was investigated under various conditions such as percentage of carrier and initial dye concentration. With permeability and flux values of 0.1188 cm/min and 1.1913 mg cm/min, PIM produced with 18% w/w PVDF-co-HFP, 21% w/w B2EHP, 1% w/w DOP and 40% w/w THF and was able to achieve more than 97% of MG extraction. The experimental data were then fitted with a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, and the calculated R2 value was ~0.99. This shows that the data has a good fit with the PSO model. PIM is a potential alternative technology in textile industry effluent treatment; however, the right formulation is crucial for developing a highly efficient membrane.

Biodegradation of cyanide to ammonia and carbon dioxide by an industrially valuable enzyme from the newly isolated Enterobacter zs

The biodetoxification of cyanide-rich wastewater has been suggested as an appropriate technique due to its environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. In this research, Enterobacter zs that was newly isolated from cyanide-polluted wastewater was selected to catalyze cyanide via an enzymatic mechanism. Enzyme was purified and its activity was also determined by ammonia assay. Subsequently, the operational procedure was optimized to enhance cyanide biodegradation at variable pH values, temperatures and cyanide concentrations using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that the interactions between pH and temperature, as well as those between pH and cyanide concentration, were significant, and the concentration of cyanide in a 650 mg.L−1 solution was decreased by 73%. According to this study, it can be proposed that due to its higher activity level compared with those of similar enzymes, this enzyme can prove useful in enzymatic biodegradation of cyanide which is a promising approach in the treatment of industrial effluent.

Treatment of textile industry effluents by Electro-Coagulation and Electro-Fenton processes using solar energy: A comparative study

The discharge of textile wastewater into the ecosystem is a dramatic source of pollution, eutrophication, and unaesthetic disturbance in aquatic life. The present work aimed at the treatment of the polluted water from the Industrial Textile Company “SITEX” in Ksar Hallal town (Tunisia) using two alternative processes namely Electro-coagulation (EC), and Electro-Fenton (EF). The experiments were carried out with and without Sparging air (SA). Electricity used was provided by solar energy through photovoltaic panels. Results showed that the effluent discoloration reached 100% with all processes after 280 min of treatment. These processes without (SA) were able to reach Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) degradation until 80% and 85%, respectively. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reached the same degradation returns. Treatment by EC and EF with (SA) reduced the COD to about 97% and 92%, respectively. TOC reached the same values. The economic Studies of electric energy consumption (SEEC) were observed in both conditions (with and without SA). The wear of electrodes was minimized, and their lifetimes were extended with SA.

Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future.

Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been widely applied to the degradation of such complex effluents with very good results. This review presents the fundamentals of the electro-persulfate processes, highlighting the advantages and limitations, followed by an exhaustive evaluation on the application of this process for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. An overview of the main relevant experimental parameters/details and their influence on the organic load removal is presented and discussed, having in mind the application of these technologies at an industrial scale. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of the electro-persulfate processes in the treatment of complex wastewater matrices is outlined.

Enhancing biohydrogen production from sugar industry wastewater using Ni, Ni–Co and Ni–Co–P electrodeposits as cathodes in microbial electrolysis cells

Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can be utilized for the simultaneous treatment of actual industry wastewater and biohydrogen production. However, efficient and cost-effective cathode, working at ambient conditions and neutral pH, are required to make the MEC as a sustainable technology. In this study, MEC with electrodeposited cathodes (co-deposits of Ni, Ni–Co and Ni–Co–P) were utilized to evaluate the treatment efficiency and hydrogen recovery of sugar industry wastewater. MECs operation was carried out at 30 ± 2 °C temperature in batch mode at an applied voltage of 0.6 V in neutral pH with sugar industry effluent (COD 4850 ± 50 mg L−1, BOD 1950 ± 20 mg L−1) and activated sludge as a source of microorganism. The Ni–Co–P electrodeposit on both cases achieved the maximum H2 production rate of 0.24 ± 0.005 m3(H2) m−3 d−1 and 0.21 ± 0.005 m3(H2) m−3 d−1 with ~50 % treatment efficiency for a 500 ml effluent in 7 days’ batch cycles. It was also found that fabricated cathodes can treat real wastewater efficiently with considerable energy recovery than previously reported literature. This study showed the potentiality of the real-time industrial effluents treatment and biohydrogen production near to ambient atmospheric conditions that emphasizes the waste to energy bio-electrochemical system.

Treatment of soluble coffee industrial effluent by electro-coagulation–electro-oxidation process: multiobjective optimization and kinetic study

Treatment of soluble coffee industrial effluent by electro-coagulation–electro-oxidation process: multiobjective optimization and kinetic study

Nutrient requirement of tannery wastewater containing tannins

Biological wastewater treatment methods are extensively used in the treatment of industrial effluents among which Activated Sludge Process (ASP) holds a prominent position. To carry out the degradation of organic matter, the micro-organisms present in the activated sludge need sufficient amount of nutrients and oxygen in the aerobic treatment process. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess and optimize the nutrient requirement in the treatment of vegetable tanning process wastewater (VTW) generated from tanneries. The characterization of VTW revealed that the observed Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):Nitrogen (N):Phosphorus (P) ratio of VTW was 100:1.42:0.07, which is deficient in both N and P. Aerobic reactor study was conducted with BOD:N:P ratio of 100:1.42:0.07, 100:5:0.1, 100:5:1, 100:5:3 and 100:5:5 separately. For N:P of 5:0.1, removal efficiencies of BOD 5 , COD and tannin were 49.0 %, 37.3 % and 30.2 %, respectively, whereas, for N:P of 5:3, BOD 5 ,COD and tannin removal efficiency was 59.7 %, 50.9 % and 38.0 %, respectively. However, further increasing the N:P ratio to 5:5, BOD 5 ,COD and tannin removal efficiencies were 60.9 %, 51.2 % and 38.7 %, respectively. It was observed from the results that for N:P ratio of 5:3 to 5:5, the improvement in removal efficiencies was marginal. Hence, BOD:N:P ratio of 100:5:3 was considered as optimum Respirometry study revealed that oxygen uptake was 62.5 mg O 2 during the 24 h and 18 % of MLSS growth was observed. From modified Stover–Kincannon model the kinetic constants U max of 3.74 g/L day and K B of 54.08 g/L.d were arrived at; The k value was obtained from first order and zero order equation was 16.95 mg/L h −1 and 0.026 h −1 , respectively for tannin as substrate for the optimized ratio BOD:N:P ratio of 100:5:3. This study emphasizes that proper balance of N and P is needed for synthesis of sufficient biomass for degradation in biological treatment.

Development of a semiconductor tree branch-like photoreactor for textile industry effluent treatment.

This paper aimed to develop a new photocatalytic reactor design with a rotary tree branch structure for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. The brass sheet calcined at 500 °C (B500) was used as the photocatalyst and as a substrate for ZnO nanoparticle immobilization (B500ZnO). The photoreactor performance was evaluated toward the photodegradation of an aqueous solution of Reactive Black 5 dye (AS-RB5), raw wastewater (RW), and treated wastewater (TW). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results illustrated ZnO nanowire formation over B500 and B500ZnO substrates. The bandgap values of these samples were estimated by diffuse reflectance measurements. The effects of dye concentration, the type of radiation, and ZnO NP deposition on the degradation of AS-RB were evaluated. Decreases in chemical oxygen demand (COD) greater than 82% were obtained using solar irradiation and artificial light as the energy source. Regarding calcined brass sheet reutilization, a decrease of 45% in the photocatalytic activity efficiency after 5 cycles was noted due to the effect of photocorrosion of the ZnO nanowires. The photoreaction of the RW and TW effluents showed COD values of 21 and 35%, respectively, which are below the limits established by state environmental control. With respect to RB5 addition to the TW effluent (TW-RB5), a discoloration of 62% was noticed after 3 h of photodegradation. Furthermore, the toxicity tests of the AS-RB5 and TW-RB5 samples did not display toxic intermediates after the photoreaction since 80% of the seeds germinated. Finally, the photoreactor exhibited good performance regarding the decrease in effluent pollutant charge, in addition to the efficient discoloration of RB5 dye.

N-doped mesoporous H3PO4–pyrocarbon from seaweed and melamine for batch adsorption of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A

N-doped mesoporous activated pyrocarbons from alkali-treated seaweed were prepared via pyrolysis with H3PO4 impregnation and subsequent modification with melamine at different loading ratios of 0:5, 0.5:5, 0.75:5, 1:5, 2:5, and 3:5 g/g. The activated seaweed pyrocarbon with a melamine doping ratio of 0.75:5 (TSWP–M0.75) achieved an enhanced bisphenol A (BPA) adsorption removalfrom 59.22% to 91.48%, confirming that nitrogen functionalities were successfully introduced onto the adsorbent’s surface. TSWP–M0.75 exhibited a maximum BPA capacity of 270.581 mg/g at 30 °C and an equilibrium time of 1 h (Rpseudo-second-order2 > 0.99), which were attributed to its surface heterogeneity structure of 0.25 cm3/g mesoporosity and 412.80 m2/g BET surface area. Freundlich isotherm (RFreundlich2 > 0.92) was applied to the design of a single-stage adsorber to predict the required TSWP–M0.75 amount for the treatment of industrial effluents containing BPA.

Thin-film composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes toward textile industry effluent treatment and environmental remediation applications: review

Thin-film composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes toward textile industry effluent treatment and environmental remediation applications: review

Wastewater treatment from potato processing industry using Moringa Oleifera-based coagulant

Potato is the third most important food crop on the planet. The potato processing industry produces a variety of food products and has high effluent generation with high organic load and solids content. These must be treated before being disposed of in water bodies. One of the options for treatment of industrial effluents widely studied in the literature is the use of natural coagulants. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the efficiency of effluent treatment of a potato processing industry in Brazil through the use of coagulants based on Moringa Oleifera. Five flocculation essays (Jar Essay) were performed, evaluating the use of Moringa Oleifera both in direct use (flour crushed) and in saline solution, for different coagulant mass and volume values. Turbidity removal rates close to 93% were obtained when using Moringa Oleifera in saline as a coagulant, which is the most efficient use of Moringa seeds compared to their direct use. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) removal was also high, with values around 90%. The Moringa planting area required for effluent treatment of the studied industry is 1.14 ha. The obtained results allowed the identification of the optimal coagulant dosages to be used and demonstrate the feasibility of using Moringa Oleifera to treat potato processing effluent.

Development of chitosan-TiO2 thin film and its application for methylene blue dye degradation

ABSTRACT Fish processing industries are one of the pollution-causing sectors all over the world due to the generation of huge quantities of solid and liquid wastes and lacks proper treatment facilities. Wastewater treatment using nano-thin films will be one of the most promising technologies for the treatment of industrial effluents by saving considerable amount of money. Therefore, the current research aims to develop an energy-efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective and green isolation technique for the production of natural polymer from crab shell followed by the development of nano thin films by dip-coating technique for the degradation of methylene blue dye. The stability studies of the nano thin films were performed at different environmental conditions. The characterisation techniques employed are Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Visible spectroscopy. A series of batch experimental studies were performed using the fabricated thin films for the degradation of methylene blue dye by varying the effluent solution pH (2.0 to 10.0), concentration of dye solution (0.1 mg/L – 1.0 mg/L), exposure time (30 min to 210 min) and number of layers (2 to 14) of thin-film deposition for the optimisation of processing conditions. The best processing conditions obtained from the batch study are pH 6.0, 0.60 mg/L dye concentration, 120 minutes of contact time and 12 layers of thin-film deposition. The experimental study demonstrates that the chitosan-TiO2 nano thin films were found to be effective in the treatment of industrial effluent containing methylene blue dye.

Bio-zeolite use for metal removal from copper-containing synthetic effluents.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00694-x.

Sustainable building materials using textile effluent treatment plant sludge: a review

A huge quantity of textile effluent sludge is generated from 21 076 textile units of India and dumped in large areas, leading to contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater. Hence, effective management of this sludge is important for its reuse and safe disposal. Considering the utilization of this waste in construction activities, the current paper explores the potential of textile sludge produced from textile industry effluent treatment plants. Many researchers have attempted to reuse this sludge for the development of sustainable construction materials and suggested its optimum usage as a partial substitution for fine aggregate, cement and clay with or without additives for the manufacturing of non-structural building components. This paper provides a critical review of the production of non-structural elements – namely, sustainable building blocks, clay bricks, mortar and paver blocks – using textile effluent treatment plant sludge and recommends optimum ranges of 5–30, 5–40, 5–50 and 20–40%, respectively. The prominent gaps are suggested as the outcome of studies such as techno-economic feasibility of the product, thermal and energy building simulation along with the life-cycle assessment and fatigue life assessment of the developed paver blocks.

Bioaugmentation with existing potent microorganisms to accelerate the treatment efficacy of paper industry wastewater pollutants

Effluent discharged from paper industries has an unfavourable impact on all the biotic and abiotic components of the environment due to the presence of various bio-recalcitrant toxic compounds. Multiple physico-chemical treatment systems have been adopted over the last two decades for the elimination of refractory organics from paper industry effluent but with limited success. Augmentation of biological treatment through metabolic and cometabolic strategies seems to be a promising and sustainable option. This article aims at presenting a comprehensive account of treating the paper industry effluent with existing treatment strategy using potent green agents through bioaugmentation and mineralization of chlorophenols via ortho- and meta- pathways. Sequential treatment based on consortia of specialized microorganisms remove > 90% of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds present in paper industry effluent. The rapid technological development in microbial fuel cells holds the potential for simultaneous paper industry effluent treatment and energy production.

Life Cycle Analysis of Dye Degradation Using Advanced Oxidative Processes

Pollution caused by textile processes has led several countries to create stricter environmental legislation for the treatment of industrial effluents. Since, to meet legal requirements, the degradation of these chemical dyes must have a low environmental impact and high removal efficiency. This study performed the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the degradation of dyes in 1 m³ of effluent, through advanced oxidative processes, using the Photo-Fenton process. For the Life Cycle Inventory (ICV), the compounds Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Iron (II) Sulphate (FeSO4) were considered. The methodology for calculating environmental impacts was ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (I) V1.04 / World (2010) I and the impact categories of the studies were: Global Warming, Freshwater Eutrophication, Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Human Carcinogenic Toxicity. The sensitivity analysis occurred in comparison with the methodologies: IPCC 2013 GWP 20a V1.03 and CML-IA baseline V3.06 / World 2000. All simulations occurred in the SimaPro® software, Faculty version, and pointed to H2O2 as an important contributing agent, along with the secondary products formed by the degradation of the dyes by the Photo-Fenton process, for the environmental impacts of this treatment.Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis, Dye Degradation, Photo-Fenton Pr

Byproducts from the edible oil industry as potential adsorbent for the removal of Pregabalin from aqueous solution

Removal of Pregabalin from aqueous solution as well as industrial effluent using a new, efficient and cost-effective activated carbon derived from groundnut seed cake powder (GNSCP) and coconut cake powder (CCP) has been presented in this study. Experimentation has been carried out by optimizing various parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage, temperature and initial drug concentration using a batch adsorption model. Surface texture and morphology of the activated carbons have been analyzed by HR SEM; Characterization of the adsorbents has been carried out using FTIR and PXRD. Bio-sorption of Pregabalin using GNSCP and CCP followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir adsorption isotherm suits the best for the present study. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of the drug onto the chosen adsorbents is a spontaneous and feasible process. The maximum adsorption capacity for the uptake of Pregabalin by GNSCP was found to be 9.71 mg/g and with CCP 9.83 mg/g. Suitability of the adsorbents for the treatment of industrial effluent has also been carried out and found to have 98 % removal of the drug from the effluent.

Wastewater treatment and Mycoremediation by P. ostreatus mycelium

Wastewater from industries contains a considerable amount of chemicals and is characterized by high biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, intense color and are thus toxic to the environment. White-rot fungi such as Oyster mushrooms are comprised of high biomass and various degradative enzymes that add to another dimension of use, such as mycoremediation. The mushroom was maintained in vitro in mycelial form. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Methyl Red (M.R.), and Malachite Green (M.G.) dyes, which are recalcitrant dyes that are often used for the preparation of many polymeric dyes, and textile dyeing, were used to test the decolorization potential of natural isolates of oyster mushroom. Mycelium was grown in the presence of RBBR, MR, and M.G. at a concentration of 100μM. It was found to decolorize more than 70%, 95%, and 80% of RBBR, MR, and M.G. dye, respectively, within 6 days. Mushroom mycelium was also tested for its lead tolerance and heavy metal biosorption potential. Lead tolerance was studied up to 500mg/L, which shows species′ latent growth with fungal morphology changes. Biosorption ability was observed by the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma spectrometry, which shows lowered concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni) after 5 days of mycelial growth in the presence of these metals. The isolated strain was also found to have significant decolorizing and degrading potential for synthetic dyes and phenolic compounds in industrial effluents. This study focuses on edible oyster mushrooms′ ability to develop environmentally less aggressive processes in the treatment of industrial effluents.