Treatment Of Different Concentrations Research Articles

Effect of Leaf and Seed Powder Based Edible Coating with Beeswax and Clove Essential Oil on the Shelf Life of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad Safeda

The guava is thought to be India's most significant commercial fruit crop. Due to their high respiration rate, vulnerability to different pathogens, and mechanical damage that can quickly deteriorate the quality and concised its shelf life. Nonetheless, the purpose of the experiment was to investigate how guava's edible coatings affected its postharvest quality and shelf life. Guava fruits were treated by seven treatments of different concentrations of beeswax, guava leaf powder, neem leaf powder, tamarind seed powder, and clove oil with different combinations were used as edible coating were studied in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. All seven treatments were used to examine the impact of edible coating materials on the physical and chemical properties. Under ambient conditions, the variations in physiological and chemical parameters were seen. The findings of present study showed maximum fruit weight (120.29 g), highest vitamin C (163.19 mg/100g), maximum acidity (0.49%) and antioxidant activity (35.43%) obtained from T4 [Neem leaves powder (2%) + Beeswax (1%)+ clove oil (1%)] compared with untreated fruits. The result suggested that the applications of [Neem leaves powder (2%) + Beeswax (1%) + clove oil (1%)] as an edible coating material in guava fruit is more effective than other treatments to improve the shelf life of Guava.

PbARF19-mediated auxin signaling regulates lignification in pear fruit stone cells

The stone cells in pear fruits cause rough flesh and low juice, seriously affecting the taste. Lignin has been demonstrated as the main component of stone cells. Auxin, one of the most important plant hormone, regulates most physiological processes in plants including lignification. However, the concentration effect and regulators of auxin on pear fruits stone cell formation remains unclear. Here, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and stone cells were found to be co-localized in lignified cells by immunofluorescence localization analysis. The exogenous treatment of different concentrations of IAA demonstrated that the application of 200 µM IAA significantly reduced stone cell content, while concentrations greater than 500 µM significantly increased stone cell content. Besides, 31 auxin response factors (ARFs) were identified in pear genome. Putative ARFs were predicted as critical regulators involved in the lignification of pear flesh cells by phylogenetic relationship and expression analysis. Furthermore, the negative regulation of PbARF19 on stone cell formation in pear fruit was demonstrated by overexpression in pear fruitlets and Arabidopsis. These results illustrated that the PbARF19-mediated auxin signal plays a critical role in the lignification of pear stone cell by regulating lignin biosynthetic genes. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for improving fruit quality in pear production.

Detection of redox potential evolution during the initial stage of an acute wound based on a redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fiber.

To detect redox potential evolution during the initial stage of an acute wound, a redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fiber was fabricated by integrating redox-sensitive SERS probes in a hole of an optical fiber. The redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fibers carried redox-sensitive SERS probes into the inside of a wound to sense its redox potential. The laser was transmitted to the redox-sensitive SERS probes in the body by optical fibers, and the SERS signals of the redox-sensitive SERS probes were transferred out of the body by optical fibers to indicate the redox potentials in the wound. The redox-sensitive SERS probes dynamically sensed the redox potential in vivo, and their SERS signals were collected constantly to indicate the redox potentials. The assessments in vivo and in vitro proved the responsiveness of redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fibers. The redox potential evolution during the initial stage of an acute wound with the treatments of different concentrations of glucose was detected to verify the feasibility of redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fibers to dynamically detect redox potentials in vivo. The redox-sensitive SERS-active optical fiber would be a versatile tool to explore the roles of redox potentials in living organisms.

XPO1 Inhibitor Triggers Autophagy of TP53-Mutated Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells

INTRODUCTION Burkitt lymphoma, a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), has distinct pathological and clinical characteristics. Intensive combination chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma and survival has improved for Burkitt lymphoma patients. TP53 mutation frequency is not age related, and TP53 mutations are significantly associated with higher incidence of relapse. XPO1 inhibitors, novel targeted drugs, reversibly inhibit the nuclear export of tumor-associated proteins and mRNAs by blocking nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1). Preclinical and clinical studies of XPO1 inhibitors have been successfully used in treatment of AML, MM and NHL. METHODS We used CCK8 assays to detect growth inhibition in 4 lymphoma cell lines (Raji, Jeko-1, Daudi, and CA46) under the treatment of different concentrations of KPT330 (XPO1 inhibitor). The 4D-Label-free quantitative proteomics technology was used to determine the changes of protein distribution in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of CA46 cells before and after KPT330 treatment (50nM, 48h). The proteomic results were validated by QPCR, westernblotting assay and fluorescent marker analysis. RESULTS The lymphoma cell lines we choosed, Raji, Jeko-1, Daudi, and CA46, all have MYC rearrangement and TP53 mutations. CCK8 assay showed Jeko-1, Daudi and CA46 were relatively sensitive to KPT330 (IC50=86.87nM, 48.34nM and 87.85nM, respectively). The results of the quantitative proteomics suggested proteins with increased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio after KPT330 treatment were mainly focused on autophagy regulation and p53 signal pathways, including TFEB, USP10, DAP, NRBF2, SQSTM1, etc ( Fig1, a). To confirm the effect of KPT330-triggered autophagy, first, we assessed the apoptosis rates of CA46 after exposure to KPT330 for 24 hours, all of which were below 10%, ruling out apoptosis-induced autophagy ( Fig1, b). Then, westernblotting results showed that the cytoplasm load of autophagy flux related proteins, LC3B-1 and LC3B-II, both increased after KPT330 treatment ( Fig1, c). To confirm whether KPT330 effects the generation or degradation of LC3B-II, we used the late autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) to cells and observed the p62 protein level reduced and LC3B-II protein level increased with additional use of CQ compared with only KPT330 treatment ( Fig1, d). Furthermore, the ratio of LC3B-II-CQ-presence to LC3B-II-CQ-absence in the KPT330-treated group was higher than that in the control group ( Fig1, d), suggesting that KPT330 may enhance the generation of LC3B-II. We further utilized the pLenti-CMV-mCherry-GFP-LC3B plasmid to establish an LC3B stable-overexpressing CA46 cell line. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the median fluorescence intensity of both GFP and mCherry signals increased after KPT330 treatment( Fig1, e), further confirming the overall elevation of LC3B levels. To investigate the mechanism behind the increased autophagy flux, we utilized westernblotting analysis to validate the results from quantitative proteomics. TFEB protein level showed an increase in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio upon KPT330 treatment ( Fig2, a). TFEB is known as a transcriptional activation protein, and its nuclear translocation is associated with the upregulated expression of genes involved in autophagosome formation, autolysosome fusion and lysosome biogenesis. QPCR analysis validated that genes associated with the aforementioned processes, such as LC3B, VPS11, CTSD, and CLCN7, exhibited increasing expression levels from 6 to 24 hours after KPT330 treatment ( Fig2, b). More interestingly, USP10, a component of a regulatory loop that controls autophagy and p53/TP53 levels, significantly increased in cell nucleus after drug action ( Fig2, c), which suggested that KPT330 may stabilize p53 function. Finally, we also attempted to discover the potential synergistic therapeutic effect of KPT330 with commonly used chemotherapy drugs in clinical lymphoma treatment. However, none synergistic effect was observed according to KPT330 combined with Cytarabine, Doxorubicin, Azacitidine, Decitabine, Rapamycin, Bortezomib, Duvelisib or Venetoclax, respectively ( Fig2, d). CONCLUSION XPO1 Inhibitor, KPT330 can restrict nuclear export of autophagy-related proteins thus regulate autophagy and stabilize p53 function in TP53-mutated Burkitt's lymphoma cells, which revealed a promising treatment.

IL-6 induces periostin production in human ACL remnants: a possible mechanism causing post-traumatic osteoarthritis

ObjectivePerostin (POSTN) and IL-6 consistently elevated after ACL injury, and ACL has been proposed as the major source of POSTN. However, there is a lack of evidence whether IL-6 induces ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 on POSTN production in ACL fibroblasts, which may help us understand more about the mechanism of PTOA after ACL injury and ACL reconstruction.MethodsACL remnants were harvested from 27 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to examine the POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblasts after treatment of different concentrations of IL-6. The POSTN protein production of ACL fibroblasts was determined using western blot analysis. The blockers of possible signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways, were added to test whether the effect of IL-6 on ACL fibroblast could be attenuated. ACL fibroblast and chondrocyte co-culture was carried out to determine the influence of ACL and IL-6 on chondrocytes.ResultsQuantitative real-time PCR showed that IL-6 time-dependently and dose-dependently increased POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblast. Western blot analysis also revealed that IL-6 dose-dependently induced POSTN protein production. Regarding the chronicity of ACL injury, the POSTN protein production was comparable between ACL remnants which were derived within 3 months of injury and at least 6 months after injury. PI3K/Akt blockers could attenuate the effect of IL-6 on ACL remnants, whereas Ras/MAPK and JAK/STAT did not decrease POSTN production. The coexistence of ACL and IL-6 induced more MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 by chondrocytes.ConclusionsIL-6 induced ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This effect could be attenuated by the PI3K/Akt blocker. Coexistence of IL-6 and ACL remnants may accelerate post-traumatic arthritis.

Genome-wide identification of auxin-responsive microRNAs in the poplar stem.

Wood (secondary xylem) of forests is a material of great economic importance. Wood development is strictly controlled by both the phytohormone auxin and microRNAs (miRNAs). Currently, the regulatory mechanisms underlying wood formation by auxin-associated miRNAs remain unclear. This report was designed to identify auxin-responsive miRNAs during wood formation. Morphological observation of wood development in the poplar stems was performed under the treatment of different concentrations (0mg/L, CK; 5mg/L, Low; 10mg/L, High) of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA). Using a small RNA sequencing strategy, the effect of IBA treatment on miRNAs expression was genome-widely analyzed. In this study, we found that wood development of poplar was promoted by low concentration of IBA treatment but inhibited by high concentration of IBA treatment. Stringent bioinformatic analysis led to identification of 118 known and 134 novel miRNAs candidates. Sixty-nine unique developmental-related miRNAs, corresponding to 269 target genes, exhibited specific expression patterns in response to auxin, as was consistent with the influence of auxin application on wood formation. Three novel miRNAs had the most number (≥ 9) of target genes, belonging to SPL, GRF and ARF gene families. The evolutionary relationships and tissue expression patterns of 41 SPL, GRF and ARF genes in poplar were thus analyzed. Of them, four representative members and corresponding miRNAs were confirmed using RT-qPCR. Our results may be helpful for a better understanding of auxin-induced regulation of wood formation in tree species.

Exposure of Cyprinus carpio var. larvae to PVC microplastics reveals significant immunological alterations and irreversible histological organ damage

Microplastics have become pervasive in ambient aquatic ecosystems over the last decade and are currently a serious global scale concern. To evaluate the potential toxic effects of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) microplastics on the immune functions of freshwater fish, this study undertook a conducted chronic 60-day dietary exposure experiment with Cyprinus carpio var. larvae. We exposed the fish to four microplastic treatments of different concentrations (food rationed diets): no-plastic (control), 10%, 20% and 30%. At the end of the experimental period the impacts of microplastics on the histology, biochemistry, ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels and gene transcription of immune organs were investigated. The results revealed that PVC microplastics induced cytoplasmic vacuolation in the liver, damaged villi in the intestine, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemosiderosis and vacuolar degeneration in the spleen, glomeruli tuft shrinkage and aggregation of melanin macrophage cells in the kidney. Moreover, following PVC microplastics exposure, ROS levels in the liver and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα in the liver and serum were increased. Furthermore, modifications in the activities of non-specific immunoenzyme ACP (Acid phosphatase), AKP (alkaline phosphatase), LZM (lysozyme), and expression levels of a range of immune-related genes were observed. Using various techniques at the histological, biochemical and molecular levels, our findings demonstrated the effects of PVC microplastics on changes and imbalances in the immune status of carp. The results of this study provide basic toxicological data toward elucidating and quantifying the impacts of microplastics immunotoxicity on aquatic organisms.

SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KADAR AIR KUNING TELUR ASIN ITIK MAGELANG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

Eggs are high protein and fat livestock products which makes them easily damaged. One of methods to maintain egg quality are by processing them into salted eggs with the addition of Secang wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as a natural preservative. This study aims to utilize and determine the best concentration of Secang wood extract in increasing the organoleptic properties and reducing the water content of the salted egg yolk of Magelang duck. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments of different concentrations of Secang wood extract (0; 2.27; 4.44; and 6.52%) and 5 replications. Each replication contains 4 Magelang duck eggs. Data collected were analyzed by means of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% and significant differences between treatments were analyzed by Duncan. The results showed that the addition of 4.44−6.52% Secang wood extract were significantly reduced the aroma to slightly fishy (2.82−2.83), but the addition of Secang wood extract 6.52% had no significant effect on the color, which was orange (2.97−3.21), slightly salty texture (2.86−3.23), flavorless salty taste (2.20−2.52), and has not been able to reduce the water content (29.39−34.60%) of salted egg yolk Magelang duck. The conclusion of this research is that the addition of Secang wood extract to a concentration of 6.52% can reduce the fishy aroma, but has not affected the color, texture, taste, and water content of the salted egg yolk of Magelang duck.
 Keywords : magelang duck salted egg, organoleptic test, secang wood extract, water content

In vitro, effects of Praziquantel and alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Citrullus colocynthis and Eucalyptus globulus on the viability of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

Iraqi flora is rich in plants and the possibility of finding new antimicrobial agents still widely ahead, therefore, the present work evaluated the effects of alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Citrullus colocynthis; Eucalyptus globulus leaves and Praziquantel drug (as scolicidal agents) on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. Live protoscoleces obtained from the liver of naturally infected sheep. The viability of protoscoleces was determined by their motility and flame cells activity and staining method using 0.1% eosin solution. The number of viable protoscoleces was counted and distributed into test tubes (4 tubes for each treatment of different concentrations) and 2 tubes were kept as control without treatments. The percentage viability of protoscoleces was ranged between 93.7 to 95.3. Praziquantel drug reduced the survival of protoscoleces during seven sequenced days post incubation. Drug effects showed more influence in both concentrations of 450 μg/ml from day 4 and 600 μg/ml from day 3 post incubation, respectively. The methanolic extract of C. colocynthis reduced the viability of protoscoleces during eight sequenced days post incubation from 96% to zero%. The effects were marked highly in the concentrations of 300 μg/ml from day 3 post incubation. Aqueous fruit extracted decreased in the viability of protoscoleces. In the minimum used concentration (75μg/ml), the viability of protoscoleces reduced from 96% to reach zero% at day eight post incubation, whereas in the maximum concentration used (300 μg/ml), the viability reached to zero% after four days. All concentrations of leaves methanolic and aqueous extracts of E. globulus have an antiparasitic activity against the protoscoleces viability, but the greater effect was to 600 μg/ml that kill all protoscoleces in 6 days after treatment.

Boric acid as a potential substitute for conventional ethylene antagonists in mitigating postharvest flower senescence of Digitalis purpurea

Abstract In the floriculture industry, postharvest senescence is one of the glaring challenges restricting the marketability of cut flowers. Hence, maintaining good quality of cut flowers and extending flower longevity are considered to be the most crucial factors in the cut flower trade. Therefore, to gain better understanding of the specific physiological and biochemical aspects of petal senescence we conducted an experiment to evaluate the efficacy of Boric acid (BA) on flower longevity in excised flowers of Digitalis purpurea L. Isolated buds were harvested at stage IV i.e, 1 day before anthesis and divided into 5 sets, with one set of buds held in distilled water (DW) designated as control. The other 4 sets were supplemented with 24h pulse treatment of different concentrations of BA viz., 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM. The application of BA at 150 µM concentration was found to be most effective in increasing flower longevity by about 4 days as compared to control. The enhanced longevity coincided with higher values of floral diameter, fresh mass, dry mass and solution uptake. Flowers with delayed senescence also retained higher soluble proteins, sugars and phenols in addition to lower bacterial density compared to control. Moreover, this ameliorated flower longevity has also been shown to be positively associated with increased activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and reduced activity of lipoxygenase (LOX).

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Penstabil Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Nilai Kesukaan Minuman Yogurt Jeruk

Orange yogurt drink is one of the diversivication of yogurt products, but syneresis still often occurs during the storage period which can affect consumer assessments. Therefore, it is necessary to add a stabilizer to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of stabilizers and the concentration level of stabilizers added to the physicochemical characteristics and preference of orange yogurt drinks. Characteristics of yogurt drinks that were observed included pH values, Total Titrated Acid/TAT, Total Dissolved Solids/TPT, vitamin C, wheying off, viscosity, and organoleptic tests which included preference for color, aroma, texture appearance and taste of orange yogurt drinks This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the type of stabilizer (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose/CMC, pectin, gum arabic) and the concentration of stabilizer (0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05%). The results of this study indicate that pH value of the orange yogurt drink ranged from 3.907-4.058, total soluble solids (TPT) of the orange yogurt drink was 14.350-16,367 °Brix, vitamin C content of the orange yogurt drink was between 6.453-10.560 mg/100 g, and TAT value. 6.133 – 8.067%. The treatment of different types of stabilizers affects the physicochemical characteristics of orange yogurt drinks, including the value of pH, TPT, vitamin C, TAT, wheying off and viscosity. While the treatment of different concentrations of stabilizer affects the wheying off and the viscosity of the orange yogurt drink. The results of the interaction between the type and concentration of stabilizer significantly affect the value of pH, vitamin C, TAT, wheying off, viscosity also the value of preference for color, appearance and texture of orange yogurt drink.

Neu5Ac Induces Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Osteo-/Odontoblastic Differentiation by Enhancing MAPK/ERK Pathway Activation.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) must undergo odontoblastic differentiation in order to facilitate the process of dentin-pulp complex repair. Herein, we sought to explore the ability of Neu5Ac (one form of sialic acid) to influence DPSC osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation via modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Methodology. DPSCs were isolated from human third permanent teeth and were grown in vitro. Fluorescent microscopy was used to detect the existence of sialic acid on the DPSC membrane. Following the treatment of different concentrations of Neu5Ac and removing sialic acid from the cell surface by neuraminidase, the osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation of these cells was evaluated via mineralization, alkaline phosphatase, and in vivo assays. In addition, the expression of genes related to osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation and MAPK signaling at different stages of this differentiation process was analyzed in the presence or absence of Neu5Ac. Results. The existence of sialic acid on the DPSC membrane was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, and the ability of osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation was decreased after removing sialic acid by neuraminidase. Treatment of DPSCs with Neu5Ac (0.1 mM or 1 mM) significantly enhanced their mineralization ability and alkaline phosphatase activity. The expression levels of DMP1, DSPP, BSP, and RUNX2 were also increased. Treatment of nude mice with ManNAc (the prerequisite form of Neu5Ac) also enhanced DPSC mineralization activity in vivo. Furthermore, Neu5Ac treatment enhanced p-ERK expression in DPSCs, while ERK pathway inhibition disrupted the ability of Neu5Ac to enhance the osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation of these cells. Conclusions. Neu5Ac can promote DPSC osteo-/odontoblastic differentiation through a process associated with the modulation of the ERK signaling pathway activity.

Resveratrol reverses the cadmium-promoted migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition procession by regulating the expression of ZEB1.

Resveratrol has been reported as an ideal medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Meanwhile, cadmium could affect the occurrence and development of tumors in various ways. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a major progress regulated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on the Cd-promoted EMT in CRC cells. First, we investigated the migration and invasion of CRC cells with or without the treatment of different concentrations of Cd in vitro by the transwell assay. Second, Western blot and RT-qPCR assay were used to detect the expressions of EMT-related markers (ZEB1, vimentin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin) in Cd-exposed CRC cells. Subsequently, after treating with different concentrations of resveratrol, the migration and invasion of Cd-exposed CRC cells were detected again, as well as the expressions of EMT-related markers. Moreover, m6A-related RNAs in Cd-exposed CRC cells after treating with resveratrol were immunoprecipitated and validated by Me-RIP and RT-qPCR. These indicated that Cd promoted the migration and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, Cd up-regulated the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB1, while it down-regulated that of E-cadherin in CRC cells. Resveratrol could reverse the Cd-promoted migration, invasion, and EMT procession by regulating the expression of ZEB1.

Inhibitive Effect of Luteolin on Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity through Activation of the Autophagy Pathway by HMOX1.

Luteolin is a flavone compound occurring in a variety of medicinal plants, which is reported to have neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of luteolin in alleviating sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. GeneCards and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform were employed to screen luteolin, sevoflurane, and neurotoxicity-related genes. Subsequently, we isolated primary neurons from the hippocampus of 1-day-old C57BL/6J mice and tested for cytotoxicity after treatment of different concentrations of luteolin. Next, we measured the expression of apoptosis by flow cytometry and assessed inflammation-related factors, including heme oxygenase-1 expression detected by immunohistochemical staining and neuronal apoptosis. Finally, water maze, open field, and fear conditioning tests were conducted to observe the interaction between luteolin and sevoflurane in cognitive impairment of mice. Luteolin had the lowest cytotoxicity at concentrations of 30 or 60 μg/mL; we selected 30 μg/mL for drug administration experiments in vitro. Luteolin inhibited sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses through the autophagic pathway and thus ameliorated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Mechanistically, luteolin up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 expression, which activated the autophagy pathway in vitro. This was confirmed by subsequent histological experiments in mice and behavioral results showing rescue cognitive impairment. Our findings uncovered an inhibitory role of luteolin in sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response through activation of autophagy arising from up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1, thereby alleviating sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

The Effect Of Compost From Household Waste And Liquid Organic Fertilizer ‎On Growth And Yield Of Pak Choi (Brassica rapa var. Chinensis)‎

Objectives of the research were to study and create a technique in producing compost made of organic wastes from the household and its effect on growth and increase productivity of Pak Choi. The research was conducted from January to February 2017 in Karangploso, Malang, East Java. The research applied RBD with 4 replications. The treatments comprised of 2 types, such as compost of household waste that consisted of 3 levels as follow K1 = Organic wastes of household waste 100% + Superdegra decomposer + goat dropping + bran + molasses by dose 0.5 kg/polybag; K2 = Organic waste from household waste 100% + Superdegra decomposer + goat dropping + bran + molasses by dose 1.0 kg/polybag; K3 = Organic waste from household waste 100% + Superdegra decomposer + goat dropping + bran + molasses by dose 1.5 kg/polybag. Treatment of different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer consisted of three levels that include C1 = 20 ml/500 ml water, C2 = 40 ml/500 ml water, and C3 = 60 ml/500 ml water. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by LSD at level 5%. Results of analysis in the laboratory indicated that organic fertilizer from organic waste of the household waste 100% + Superdegra + goat dropping + bran + molasses produced C-organic = 18.89 and C/N-ratio = 17.33. Combination of treatments, which include organic waste (K3C2), will be able to produce Pak Choi 126.38 gram/polybag

Establishment of Rat Prostatitis Model through Induction with Estrogen and Androgen at Different Concentrations

To establish an experimental prostatitis animal model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through induction by treatment of estrogen and androgen at different concentrations. Fifty-three male SD rats aged 3 to 4 months were used in the study, and the castration model of male rats was established by excision of bilateral testes. The rats were randomly assigned to a blank group, a castration group and treatment groups receiving estrogen and androgen at different concentrations after castration, with 4 rats in each group. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E) were administered daily by subcutaneous injection to the treatment groups. All the rats were sacrificed by way of cervical dislocation after 1 month and the serum DHT and E concentrations of the rats in each group were assessed with ELISA. Prostate specimens were collected and the relative weight of the prostate of each group of rats was calculated. After HE staining of the prostate tissue, we observed with optic microscope structural changes in the prostate tissue and the state of prostatic inflammation in each group. Immunohistochemical examination was done to assess the expression of three inflammatory factors, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in rat prostate tissues. The results of HE staining of rat prostate tissue showed that, compared with the blank group and castration group, the degree of inflammation increased significantly in the E0.05+DHT 0.5 mg/kg group and DHT0.15+E0.15 mg/kg group ( P<0.05). However, once the concentration of DHT exceeded 0.5 mg/kg, the degree of inflammation did not further aggravate. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that when the concentration of exogenous E was constant, the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-8 increased significantly in the E0.05+DHT 0.15 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT 0.5 mg/kg group and E0.05+DHT 1.5 mg/kg group compared with that of the blank group ( P<0.05). In the E0.05+DHT 0.15 mg/kg group and E0.05+DHT 0.5 mg/kg group, the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-8 increased significantly compared with that of the castration group ( P<0.05). Once the concentration of DHT reached 0.5 mg/kg, further increase in the concentration of DHT did not lead to any significant changes in the expression of TGF-β1 or IL-8. In addition, when the concentration of exogenous DHT remained unchanged, the expressions of TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-8 increased significantly in the DHT0.15+E 0.05 mg/kg group and DHT0.15+E 0.5 mg/kg group, compared with that of the blank group and castration group ( P<0.05). Castration combined with treatment of different concentrations of estrogen and androgen could successfully induce the prostatitis model in SD rats.

Effect of rhTPO to the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines

To investigate the effects of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) to proliferation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. After the treatment of different concentrations of rhTPO (0, 50, 100 ng/ml) for different time (24,48,72 h)，the cell proliferation rates of the AML cell lines (Kasumi-1, Skno-1, HEL, HL-60, THP-1) were determined by CCK-8 method. Apoptosis rate of each cell line cocultured with rhTPO was detected by Annexin V/PI method. The relative expression of TPO receptor c-MPL (myeloproliferative clonal antibody) mRNA in AML cell lines was detected by Q-PCR. The expression of c-MPL protein in each cell line was detected by Western blot. The expression of c-MPL antigen in HL-60 cells treated by different concentrations of rhTPO was detected by Flow cytometry. RhTPO showed no promotion to the proliferation of Kasumi-1, Skno-1, HEL, HL-60, THP-1 cell lines，however，it showed inhibitory effect to cell proliferation (72 h 0 ng/ml vs 100 ng/ml, P= 0.029) and pro-apoptotic (48 h 0 ng/ml vs 50 ng/ml, P=0.0143) in HL-60 cells. In Kasumi-1, Skno-1, HEL and THP-1 cells, there showed no statistically significant differences in apoptosis rate among each groups treated by different concentrations of rhTPO. Each AML cell line showed different levels of c-MPL gene and c-MPL protein expression, but HEL cells showed the highest expression in both of them. After HL-60 cells were treated by different concentrations of rhTPO for 48 hours, there showed no statistical difference in c-MPL antigen expression among each groups. RhTPO can not promote the proliferation of Kasumi-1, Skno-1, HEL, HL-60 and THP-1 leukemia cell lines. On the contrary, rhTPO can inhibit HL-60 cell proliferation and promote its apoptosis, and this effect is not related to c-MPL gene expression or protein expression.

Karakteristik Fisik dan Sensoris Kemplang Asap Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dengan Penambahan Asap Cair

Crackers is a product made through a roasting process. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of liquid smoke on the physical and sensory characteristics of snakehead fish crackers (Channa striata). This research method used a randomized block design (RBD) with one treatment factor and was carried out with 3 replications. The treatment used was the difference in the concentration of liquid smoke (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%). The stages of this research include physical analysis (crispness) and sensory analysis (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture). The results showed that the treatment of different concentrations of liquid smoke had no significant effect on crispness (525.67 gf-580.67 gf). The results of sensory analysis showed that the treatment of different concentrations had a significant effect on appearance, aroma and taste, but had no significant effect on the texture of kemplang. The best treatment of this research is the A1 treatment with a liquid smoke concentration of 2.5%.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Karapas Udang Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Kaldu Bubuk yang Dihasilkan

&lt;em&gt;Shrimp carapace is one of the fisheries waste products that can be a potential alternative for natural flavoring because it contains a lot of glutamic acid that create umami taste in dishes by turning it into a powdered broth. Powdered broth is a product that has been known as a food additive that is obtained from boiling meat or more commonly known as a seasonings. The purpose of this study is to know how the effect and best treatment of different concentrations of extract from shrimp carapace on the quality of the resulting powder broth. This research was conducted at the Food Engineering Laboratory, Chemistry Laboratory Semarang university and the Chemix Pratama Laboratory Yogyakarta. The design of the experiment used was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, which gives the concentration of shrimp carapace, which is 3%; 3.5%; 4%; 4.5%; And 5%. The test parameters were water levels, fat levels, protein levels, glutamate levels, and hedonic tests include taste and aroma attributes. To find out the difference between treatment, data was tested with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results have shown that differences in shrimp carapace extract have a significant effect (p &amp;lt;0.05) on water levels, fat levels, protein levels, glutamate levels, and hedonic scores. This study recommends P3 treatment as the best alternative treatment considering water level (4,17%), fat content (1,29%), protein (15,05%), glutamate (10,76%), and being the most preferred by panelists. with the taste attribute score (5.50), and aroma (4.77).&lt;/em&gt;

The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on Efficient Regeneration of 12 Recalcitrant Indica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes

Biotechnological approaches provide an efficient and expeditious system for developing agronomic features of rice at the cellular and molecular level compared to traditional breeding methods. The in-vitro regeneration method optimization of recalcitrant indica rice genotypes is a critical step for the biotechnological approaches for further development as the optimum concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) for in-vitro regeneration vary from genotype to genotype. Here, 12 important rice genotypes, including local cultivars and varieties, were collected from different regions of Bangladesh and evaluated for their in-vitro regeneration potentiality. Mature dehusked sterilized rice seeds were inoculated on different basal media (MS, N6, B5) supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyaceitic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. Induced calli were transferred to N6 media supplemented with different combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-Napthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) for shoot induction. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS media without supplementation of any hormones. Treatments of different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators showed varying results. Maximum callus induction frequencies were observed with 2.5-3.0 mg/l supplementation of 2,4-D on N6 media where Saat, Jamaibabu and Nimikhanai showed the highest callus induction frequencies (84.44%; 78.89 and 80% respectively) and maximum shoot initiation was observed at 2.5 mg/l BA +1.0 mg/l NAA and 3.0 mg/l 6-BA +1.5 mg/l NAA supplemented media where rice genotypes BRRI Dhan71, Nayapaijam, Nimikhanai and BRRI Dhan28 showed the highest shoot induction frequencies-86.67, 85.00, 86.67 and 88.33% respectively. Nearly all of the induced shoots showed root formation on half-strength MS media. This study demonstrates variations in regeneration response of the rice genotypes where cultivars Jamaibabu, Nayapaijam and Nimikhanai showed the highest in-vitro regeneration potential.