Treatment Of Degenerative Disease Research Articles

Counseling on Degenerative Diseases for Residents of Langkob Village, Majalaya Village, Cikalongkulon District, Cianjur

Degenerative disease is a chronic disease that greatly affects a person's quality of life. Hypertension, cholesterol, and rheumatism are some of the diseases that residents of Langkob village often complain about. However, due to the lack of knowledge and understanding of residents about this disease and the location access to the puskesmas which is quite far and difficult to reach, it makes it difficult for residents to check their health regularly and even choose to leave the disease without treatment. This extension program aims to educate the public about the types, prevention, and early treatment of degenerative diseases and provide counseling to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of these diseases. This activity uses counseling methods, discussions, questions and answers and questionnaires. The results of the T-test and probability test show that counseling has an impact on increasing people's knowledge and understanding of degenerative diseases with a significance value of 0.000 (knowledge factor) and 0.05 (pretest and post-test factors) respectively.

Problem of surgical priority choice at combined pathology of lumbar spine and hip joint (literature review)

Pathological processes that affect the hip joint and the lumbar spine often coexist, leading to a significant loss of quality of life. Therefore, the problem of surgical treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine with conditions of hip joint arthritis is actual. Objective. To analyze the available scientific information regarding the priority of choosing a surgical intervention under the conditions of a combined pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint. Methods. The research material was an analysis of relevant literature in specialized sources over the past 10 years. Results. The opinion of specialists about the possibility of direct influence of instability and sagittal spine balance on the functional orientation of acetabulum and, therefore, on the risk of impingement and dislocation of the hip joint was found. Conversely, flexion contracture in the hip joint can affect the sagittal balance of the spine and cause back pain. The indication for priority surgical treatment of the spine, in addition to acute or rapidly progressive neurological deficits, is the loss of sagittal balance, in particular, lumbar lordosis with subsequent changes in the sagittal profile. When, under the conditions of the hip joint arthritis, the pelvic tilt and the lordosis of the lumbar spine increase combined with the stenosis, spinal surgery is preferred. The combination of lumbar stenosis with hip joint arthritis may be a factor in increasing the risk of neurological deficits after hip arthroplasty. However, some authors in the case of combined pathology in any case recommend performing total joint arthroplasty in the first place because of its obvious excellent results, others did not find the best variant of the sequence of intervention based on the assessment of quality of life. Conclusions. Despite the long history of the study, the practical issues of treatment of the combined pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint, the choice of optimal treatment tactics remain debatable and require further study

ANTI-DIABETES ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DURIAN FRUIT FRUIT METHANOL FRACTION

Durian fruit peel is one of the natural ingredients that are considered environmental waste by the people of Indonesia. The use of durian skin is starting to be sought, especially in the treatment of degenerative diseases, one of which is diabetes. Testing of activity as antidiabetic on durian fruit peel needs to be done. Durian fruit peel fraction was made by liquid-liquid partition which was then carried out to make compounds and in vitro antidiabetic potency test. Identification of compounds in the methanol fraction by qualitative TLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry quantitatively showed high levels of rutin flavonoids. The flavonoid-rich fraction of rutin from durian peel was found to be effective in inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. The methanol fraction of durian fruit peel inhibited the activity of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme significantly (IC50 of 24) and did not differ much from conventional drugs, namely acarbose (IC50 of 23). This study showed that the methanol fraction of durian fruit peel which contains high routine flavonoid compounds has an active ability in in vitro antidiabetic testing.

Unilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation for Single-Level Lumbar Degenerative Spine: A Systematic Review of Meta-analyses

AIM: The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic literature review based on studies that compare unilateral and bilateral pedicle screw fixation (PSF) in lumbosacral spine fusion to provide recommendations for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine, to identify studies with a more complete evidence base, and to identify possible limitations in available literature sources that require further research. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies that compare unilateral versus bilateral PSF versus interbody implant placement used the treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbosacral spine. The study included meta-analyses that met the inclusion criteria. The quality of meta-analyses was evaluated with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) score and the most relevant meta-analysis was determined by applying the Jadad algorithm. RESULTS: Twelve studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The results of AMSTAR score ranged from 6 to 9, based on the results, four meta-analysis can be assigned to “middle” category and remained 8 to “upper” category. According to the results obtained, there was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral PSF; however, unilateral fixation had advantages in the duration of surgical treatment and intraoperative blood loss. СONCLUSION: According to this systematic review, unilateral PSF is an effective fixation method in the formation of lumbosacral spine fusion and has advantages in reducing the duration of surgical treatment and intraoperative blood loss compared to bilateral PSF.

Фотодинамическая терапия в офтальмологии

The article presents historical aspects and information about the treatment of degenerative diseases of the cornea using methods of photodynamic therapy, including modern technology of ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking of corneal collagen. The achievements of the scientific school of the Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases in the field of development and implementation of new methods for the treatment of keratectasia, medical devices and products for UV corneal crosslinking are presented. Keywords: cornea, photodynamic therapy, corneal ultraviolet irradiation, UV corneal crosslinking

Oblique lumbar interbody fusion versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis compared the efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. A computer search for the published literature on OLIF and MIS-TLIF for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and other databases was performed, from which 522 related articles were retrieved and 13 were finally included. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the included studies and analyzed them using RevMan 5.4. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane systematic analysis and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis showed that the blood loss [95% confidence intervals (CI) (− 121.01, − 54.56), P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}], hospital stay [95% CI (− 1.98, − 0.85), P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}], postoperative fusion rate [95%CI (1.04, 3.60), P=0.04\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.04$$\\end{document}], postoperative disc height [95% CI (0.50, 3.63), P=0.01\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.01$$\\end{document}], and postoperative foraminal height [95% CI (0.96, 4.13), P=0.002\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.002$$\\end{document}] were all better in the OLIF group; however, the complication rates were significantly lower in the MIS-TLIF group [95% CI (1.01, 2.06), P=0.04\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.04$$\\end{document}]. However, there were no significant differences between the two in terms of surgery time, patient satisfaction, or postoperative functional scores. The OLIF group had the advantages of lower blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, a higher postoperative fusion rate, and better recovery of the disc and foraminal heights, whereas MIS-TLIF had a relatively lower complication rate.

Thinking and practice of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine

Thinking and practice of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine

A Finite Element Based Comparative Study of Lumbosacral Pedicle Screw Fixation and Artificial Disc Replacement

AbstractThe aim of this is to evaluate the biomechanical performance of double-level semirigid pedicle screw fixation and artificial intervertebral disc replacement in lumbar spine. Ti6Al4V and CFR-PEEK material are used for pedicle screw fixation and artificial disc replacement. In the present study, pedicle screw fixation and artificial intervertebral disc replacement are carried out between L3-L4-L5 regions under the application of moment 6,8,10 Nm and range of motion is compared during flexion, extension, and right-left lateral bending. Two-level pedicle screw fusion and total disc replacement are developed in the L3-L4-L5 of the lumber spine vertebrae. Carbon fiber reinforced (CFR-PEEK) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are considered for the spinal fusion and the core part of the artificial disc respectively. Afterwards, applying the finite element analysis, it is detected that CFR-PEEK rod is able to increase range of motion at the implanted level in comparison to Ti6Al4V rod for both flexion–extension and lateral bending. In case of artificial intervertebral disc replacement hypermobility was observed. Hence, it is significant that rod material with CFR-PEEK is a better alternative for the treatment of degenerative diseases.

Augmenting Intracellular Cargo Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles in Hypoxic Tissues through Inhibiting Hypoxia-Induced Endocytic Recycling.

As mesenchymal stem-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been widely applied in treatment of degenerative diseases, it is essential to improve their cargo delivery efficiency in specific microenvironments of lesions. However, the interaction between the microenvironment of recipient cells and MSC-sEVs remains poorly understood. Herein, we find that the cargo delivery efficiency of MSC-sEVs was significantly reduced under hypoxia in inflammaging nucleus pulposus cells due to activated endocytic recycling of MSC-sEVs. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-induced upregulated RCP (also known as RAB11FIP1) is shown to promote the Rab11a-dependent recycling of internalized MSC-sEVs under hypoxia via enhancing the interaction between Rab11a and MSC-sEV. Based on this finding, si-RCP is loaded into MSC-sEVs using electroporation to overcome the hypoxic microenvironment of intervertebral disks. The engineered MSC-sEVs significantly inhibit the endocytic recycling process and exhibit higher delivery efficiency under hypoxia. In a rat model of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD), the si-RCP-loaded MSC-sEVs successfully treat IDD with improved regenerative capacity compared with natural MSC-sEV. Collectively, the findings illustrate the intracellular traffic mechanism of MSC-sEVs under hypoxia and demonstrate that the therapeutic capacity of MSC-sEVs can be improved via inhibiting endocytic recycling. This modifying strategy may further facilitate the application of extracellular vesicles in hypoxic tissues.

Geographic distribution and uses of species of the genus Dioscorea

Species of the genus Dioscorea are widely distributed throughout the world. It is a resource used in different countries because theyproduce tubers that offer numerous benefits for human health due to their diosgenin content, a compound that is used as: anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic and in the preparation of contraceptive drugs; It is also mentioned that these compounds havecytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular properties, they are also used for theprevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. Species such as Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea colletii,Dioscorea deltoidea, Dioscorea futschauensis, Dioscorea nipponica, Dioscorea panthaica, Dioscorea parviflora, Dioscoreapolygonoides, Dioscorea pseudojaponica, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea zingiberensis,produce a higher concentration of diosgenin. The tubers and roots of this group are part of the oldest foods consumed by humans,given their high nutritional, ecological and economic level. In many tropical countries, the use of various tubers and roots of thegenus Dioscorea play a very important role as a main source of energy and essential nutrients at low cost, they are also used asfodder for livestock and a source of income. This plant are rich in starch, vitamins, minerals and lipids, and have the potential tofight hunger in third world countries. Currently there is little or no knowledge in Mexico on how to cultivate these species.

Phenolipids, Amphipilic Phenolic Antioxidants with Modified Properties and Their Spectrum of Applications in Development: A Review.

Polyphenols, as secondary metabolites from plants, possess a natural antioxidant capacity and biological activities attributed to their chemical and structural characteristics. Due to their mostly polar character, polyphenols present a low solubility in less polar environments or hydrophobic matrices. However, in order to make polyphenols able to incorporate in oils and fats, a transformation strategy is necessary. For the above, the functionalization of polyphenols through chemical or enzymatic lipophilization has allowed the synthesis of phenolipids. These are amphipilic molecules that preserve the natural phenolic core to which an aliphatic motif is attached by esterification or transesterification reactions. The length of the aliphatic chain in phenolipids allows them to interact with different systems (such as emulsions, oily molecules, micelles and cellular membranes), which would favor their use in processed foods, as vehicles for drugs, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants in the cosmetic industry and even in the treatment of degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress.

Can a Large Number of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have an Optimal Therapeutic Effect on Improving Ovarian Function?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are next-generation treatment in degenerative diseases. For the application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy to degenerative disease, transplantation conditions (e.g., optimized dose, delivery route and regenerating efficacy) should be considered. Recently, researchers have studied the mode of action of MSC in the treatment of ovarian degenerative disease. However, the evidence for the optimal number of cells for the developing stem cell therapeutics is insufficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in ovarian dysfunction, depends on cell dose. By intraovarian transplantation of low (1 × 105) and high (5 × 105) doses of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) into thioacetamide (TAA)-injured rats, we compared the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress that depend on different cell doses. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were significantly decreased in the transplanted (Tx) group compared to the non-transplanted (NTx) group in ovarian tissues from TAA-injured rats (* p &lt; 0.05). In addition, we confirmed that follicular development was significantly increased in the Tx groups compared to the NTx group (* p &lt; 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the apoptosis, antioxidant or follicular development of injured ovarian tissues between the low and high doses PD-MSCs group. These findings provide new insights into the understanding and evidence obtained from clinical trials for stem cell therapy in reproductive systems.

Long-Term Reoperation Rates After Open versus Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Disease: Five Year Follow-Up of 2130 Patients

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) is a growing alternative to Open Spine Surgery (OSS). The preservation of musculature and minimization of iatrogenic injury is hypothesized to decrease the need for reoperation by preserving normal anatomy. Our objective is to compare the relative long-term reoperation rates after MISS and OSS for the treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. This retrospective analysis compares the long-term reoperation rates after MISS and OSS. Eligible patients were adults with a primary lumbar intervention carried out between 5/1/2004 and 1/31/2014 to allow for at least 5years of follow up. Patients without sufficient descriptive metrics or follow-up data were excluded. The primary outcome was the rate of lumbar spine reoperation. A total of 2130 patients met the inclusion criteria-1895 underwent OSS and 235 underwent MISS. On average and across all surgery types (decompression and decompression with fusion), 28% of OSS patients required reoperation during the minimum 5-year follow up period while only 14% of MISS patients required reoperation (P= 0.001). The MISS group was statistically identical to the OSS group in all categories except that the MISS group was on average 1.8years older (62.25 vs. 60.45, P= 0.039) and had a higher incidence of diabetes (26% vs. 17%, P= 0.000), but had a lower average body mass index than the OSS group (28.35 vs. 29.60, P= 0.002). In the setting of degenerative lumbar spine disease, MISS has the potential to reduce the long-term need for reoperation when compared with OSS.

Translational methods for the treatment of chronic back pain

Background. Up to 83 % of the working population has a high level of social adaptation disorder due to the pain in the lumbosacral spine. The development of translational approaches in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine is becoming increasingly important. The key methods in the differentiated approach to the treatment are laser vaporization of the intervertebral disc and radiofrequency denervation of the facet joints in the case when the pain syndrome is facet-like.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a differentiated approach in the use of minimally invasive surgical methods in patients with discogenic and vertebrogenic pain syndrome based on an analysis of the immediate results of treatment.Design and methods. A retrospective analysis of examination and treatment data of 101 patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine, accompanied by pain, was carried out. In 29 (28.7 %) patients, laser vaporization of the intervertebral disc was performed; in 72 (71.3 %) cases, radiofrequency denervation of the facet joints of the lumbosacral spine was used.Results. Positive outcomes after laser vaporization were observed in 27 patients. A positive result was noted in 67 patients after radiofrequency destruction of the sinuvertebral nerve.Conclusions. Differentiated use of minimally invasive puncture methods for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine and adequate selection of patients for these procedures often lead to the positive result.

Characteristics of the psoas minor muscle in modeling lateral interbody spondylodesis of the lumbar spine

ВACKGROUND: For the treatment of degenerative diseases of the spine, various deformities, a minimally invasive technique of lateral lumbar interbody fusion is used, which minimizes the risks of spinal cord injury. In the development of these pathologies, the most important role is assigned to the paraspinal muscles, the histological features of which are insufficiently elucidated in the relevant literature when modeling spondylodesis.&#x0D; АIM: To investigate the effect of lateral interbody vertebral fusion (spondylodesis) when introducing titanium implants on the histostructure of the psoas minor muscle.&#x0D; МATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in 14 mongrel dogs, 3 individuals the control group (norm). The аnimals underwent discectomy at the level of L45, L56 vertebrae through the lateral approach on the right, and interbody titanium implants were installed. The lumbar spine was stabilized with an external fixator for 30 days. Paraffin muscle sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, according to Masson.&#x0D; RESULTS: During the experiment, an increased variety of myosymplast diameters, loss of polygonality of their profiles, fibrosis of the interstitial space, and sclerotization of the vascular membranes were observed in the psoas minor muscle. The volume density of endomysium in both muscles increased 1.5 times relative to the norm after 6 months Other parameters decreased: the volume of myosymplasts was 95%, that of microvessels 73% on the left, 83% on the right. On the other hand, the degree of fatty infiltration increased, amounting to 276% on the left and 394% on the right of the normal parameters. After 18 months, the bulk density of muscle fibers on the left was restored to the value in the control, on the right it was only 95%. The degree of sclerotization in the muscle on the left is 133%, on the right 161% of the norm; the index of fatty infiltration was 146% on the left and 339% on the right of the normal parameter.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: pathohistological changes in the psoas minor during lateral interbody fusion are more pronounced on the side of the operative approach, which necessitates minimizing trauma to the paravertebral muscles during operations in order to prevent sclerotization and fatty involution of muscle tissue.

A new protocol for validation of Chondro, Adipo and Osteo differentiation kit of Cultured Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) by real-time rt-QPCR

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, originally derived from the embryonic mesenchyme, and able to differentiate into connective tissues such as bone, fat, cartilage, tendon, and muscle. Furthermore, MSCs derived from adipose tissue ADSC (Adipose derived Stem Cells) show a great potential for degenerative diseases treatment. In this study, we designed a series of experiments based on real-time rt-QPCR to validated a commercially available kit able to explore changes in gene expression under osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human ADSC. Initially, we selected a better indicators of trilineage differentiation by using third passages of cultured ADSC from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from fresh adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion. On the basis of statistically significant results ACAN, FABP4A and Col11a1 were chosen as indicators of chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation respectively. An in-vitro aging analysis was then performed to evaluate the ADSC passage with the highest differentiation potential. Total RNA extraction from induced differentiation and controls ADSC from passage 2–6 and relative quantifications of mRNA expression of selected genes were performed according to rt-PCR kits tested. The chondrogenic differentiation test showed equivalent ∆∆Ct values for ACAN detection for cell passages ranging from P3 to P6, proving that they can be considered as equivalent samples for differentiation assays evaluation. For what concerns adipogenic differentiation and FABP4 detection, similar results were observed in all the cell passages tested; on the contrary only passage P6 showed suitable ∆∆Ct values for Col11a1 detection for osteogenic differentiation evaluation. In conclusion, we have validated a suitable real-time rt-QPCR protocol for osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic ADSC differentiation ability evaluation in-vitro.

Immobilization of Wnt Fragment Peptides on Magnetic Nanoparticles or Synthetic Surfaces Regulate Wnt Signaling Kinetics.

Wnt signaling plays an important role in embryogenesis and adult stem cell homeostasis. Its diminished activation is implicated in osteoporosis and degenerative neural diseases. However, systematic administration of Wnt-signaling agonists carries risk, as aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is linked to cancer. Therefore, technologies for local modulation and control of Wnt signaling targeted to specific sites of disease or degeneration have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of degenerative diseases. We reported a facile approach to locally activate the canonical Wnt signaling cascade using nanomagnetic actuation or ligand immobilized platforms. Using a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) Luc-TCF/LEF reporter cell line, we demonstrated that targeting the cell membrane Wnt receptor, Frizzled 2, with peptide-tagged magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) triggered canonical Wnt signaling transduction when exposed to a high-gradient, time-varying magnetic field, and the induced TCF/LEF signal transduction was shown to be avidity-dependent. We also demonstrated that the peptide retained signaling activity after functionalization onto glass surfaces, providing a versatile platform for drug discovery or recreation of the cell niche. In conclusion, these results showed that peptide-mediated Wnt signaling kinetics depended not only on ligand concentration but also on the presentation method of the ligand, which may be further modulated by magnetic actuation. This has important implications when designing future therapeutic platforms involving Wnt mimetics.

The cytokine IL-27 reduces inflammation and protects photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinal degeneration

BackgroundRetinal degenerative diseases are a group of conditions characterized by photoreceptor death and vision loss. Excessive inflammation and microglial activation contribute to the pathology of retinal degenerations and a major focus in the field is identifying more effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies that promote photoreceptor survival. A major challenge to developing anti-inflammatory treatments is to selectively suppress detrimental inflammation while maintaining beneficial inflammatory responses. We recently demonstrated that endogenous levels of the IL-27 cytokine were upregulated in association with an experimental treatment that increased photoreceptor survival. IL-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates tissue reactions to infection, neuronal disease and tumors by inducing anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory genes and suppressing pro-inflammatory genes. IL-27 is neuroprotective in the brain, but its function during retinal degeneration has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-27 in the rd10 mouse model of inherited photoreceptor degeneration.MethodsMale and female rd10 mice were randomly divided into experimental (IL-27) and control (saline) groups and intravitreally injected at age post-natal day (P) 18. Retina function was analyzed by electroretinograms (ERGs), visual acuity by optomotor assay, photoreceptor death by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, microglia/macrophage were detected by immunodetection of IBA1 and inflammatory mediators by cytoplex and QPCR analysis. The distribution of IL-27 in the retina was determined by immunohistochemistry on retina cross-sections and primary Muller glia cultures.ResultsWe demonstrate that recombinant IL-27 decreased photoreceptor death, increased retinal function and reduced inflammation in the rd10 mouse model of retinal degeneration. Furthermore, IL-27 injections led to lower levels of the pro-inflammatory proteins Ccl22, IL-18 and IL-12. IL-27 expression was localized to Muller glia and IL-27 receptors to microglia, which are key cell types that regulate photoreceptor survival.ConclusionOur results identify for the first time anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities of IL-27 in a genetic model of retinal degeneration. These findings provide new insight into the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory cytokines as a treatment for degenerative diseases of the retina.

940 nm diode laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to temporomandibular joint disc cells

BackgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to a group of disorders that affect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated muscles with very limited treatment options. Stem cell research is emerging as one of the promising fields in the treatment of degenerative diseases. The ability of human adipose derived stem cells to differentiate into many cell types is driving special interest in several disease management strategies. Photobiomodulation has enhanced the role of these stem cells through their ability to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study examined the differentiation potential of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) into fibroblasts and chondrocytes using a 940 nm diode laser for possible TMD therapy.Materials and methodsADSCs were cultured at different seeding densities and for different time intervals. After irradiation at 24, 48, 72 h, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, ADSC viability and morphological changes were assessed in groups with and without basic fibroblast growth factor. Additionally, the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cells was also recorded. The differentiated fibroblasts and chondrocytes were characterized with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques, at 1- and 2-weeks post-irradiation.ResultsIncreased ATP proliferation and cell viability above 90% were observed in all post-irradiation experimental groups. Post irradiation results from flow cytometry and immunofluorescence at 1- and 2‐weeks confirmed the expression of chondrogenic and fibroblastic cell surface markers.ConclusionThis study describes stimulatory techniques utilized to differentiate ADSCs into fibroblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes using diode lasers at 940 nm. The study proposes a new treatment model for patients with degenerative disc diseases of the TMJ. The study will offer new possibilities in tissue engineering and TMJ disc management through photobiomodulation of ADSCs using a 940 nm diode laser.

Stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: surgical technique and review of the literature

Stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is a promising option for the treatment of degenerative disease in patients. This novel technique avoids the stem-related complications associated with the traditional stemmed aTSA. Stemless aTSA offers additional benefits such as decreased operative time, preservation of bone stock, improved radiographic outcomes, and easier revision. Moreover, loading of the metaphyseal region rather than the diaphysial region with traditional stemmed implants can decrease stress shielding. When compared to stemmed-implants, stemless aTSA has demonstrated similar outcomes and complication rates. The purpose of this article is to analyze published outcomes and complications following the utilization of stemless aTSA. Additionally,key aspects of the surgical technique that may promote optimal results in stemless aTSA implantation are presented.