Treatment Of Cerebral Palsy Research Articles

Influences of split application and nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen losses, grain yield, and net income for summer maize production.

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitor is considered to be one of the effective strategies to improve N efficiency and reduce N loss. While the chemical and physical properties of nitrapyrin (CP) in fertilizers have been evaluated to increase N efficiency, a lack of comprehensive evaluation of the effects of adding CP on summer maize yield, environmental benefits and economic income under different fertilization methods. In this study, two fertilization methods were used: split-N application and one-time basal N fertilizer before sowing. The comprehensive effects of N fertilizer with CP on N loss (NH3 volatilization, NO3– leaching, and N2O emissions), N efficiency, yield and profit under two N application methods were explored. Results showed that under the two N application methods, N fertilizer with CP treatment increased the N efficiency and yield (+3.4%∼+5.7%), significantly reduced the soil NO3–-N content and N2O emissions, while increased NH3 volatilization. Especially, the increase amplitude of NH3 was much less than the decrease amplitude of N2O induced by adding CP. Although split-N application could achieve higher yield and N efficiency, N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization also increased. However, the T1 + N (one-time basal N fertilizer before sowing mixed with CP) achieved the same yield level as T2 treatment (split-N application). Taking agronomic, economic and environmental benefits into consideration, one-time basal N fertilizer before sowing mixed with CP could ensure the target yield, increase economic benefits, maintain soil N content, and reduce N losses. Therefore, optimizing N management is essential to the sustainable development of agriculture.

Antioxidant Mitoquinone Alleviates Chronic Pancreatitis via Anti-Fibrotic and Antioxidant Effects.

BackgroundChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a long-term inflammatory disease of the pancreas that can be caused by various pathogenic factors. Oxidative stress (OS), which is associated with several pancreatic diseases, can induce pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation, leading to pancreatic fibrosis. Given the inefficacy of existing treatments for CP, in this study, our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the antioxidant, mitoquinone (MitoQ).MethodsFirst, in vivo, we established a CP mouse model via the repeated injection of cerulein. Mice in the MitoQ group simultaneously received MitoQ daily. After 4 weeks of cerulein injection, pancreatic tissues from mice were evaluated by morphological changes and the expression of fibrosis markers. Further, OS in the collected pancreatic tissue samples was evaluated by determining the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the expression levels and activities of antioxidants. Furthermore, in vitro, the effect of MitoQ on human PSCs (hPSCs) was evaluated based on PSC activation markers and fibrotic phenotypes, and OS in these treated hPSCs was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA, and antioxidant levels.ResultsIn vivo, MitoQ alleviated pancreatic fibrosis and inhibited OS in the cerulein-induced murine CP model. In vitro, it inhibited PSC activation as well as the subsequent development of the profibrogenic phenotypes by balancing out the levels of free radicals and the intracellular antioxidant system.ConclusionMitoQ is a potential candidate for CP treatment.

Efficacy of Rehabilitation Therapy and Pharmacotherapy on Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis.

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) has a serious impact on children's multiple motor functions and life behavior. Rehabilitation therapy or pharmacotherapy alone has been proven to have a good effect on patients' strength and gait. However, the efficacy of rehabilitation combined with pharmacotherapy for CP in children needs to be further explored. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this combined method on life function and social behavior in children with CP. Methods PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for all kinds of literature related to the treatment of pediatric CP published between 2000 and 2021. Basic information and experimental data from the literature were screened and extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16. Results A total of 605 studies were retrieved, and finally, 10 studies involving 805 pediatric patients were included in the analysis. The analysis results showed that rehabilitation combined with pharmacotherapy could improve the treatment effective rate in children with CP compared with the control group using either alone (RR = 1.184, 95% CI (1.102, 1.273), P < 0.001). In addition, in terms of social behavior, the combined therapy could significantly improve activities of daily living (SMD = 2.94, 95% CI (1.66, 4.22), P < 0.001), motor ability (SMD = 1.86, 95% CI (0.75, 2.96), P = 0.001), adaptability behavior (SMD = 2.82, 95% CI (0.45, 5.18), P = 0.019), language behavior (SMD = 3.08, 95% CI (0.95, 5.22), P = 0.005), social behavior (SMD = 3.78, 95% CI (2.22, 5.35), P < 0.001), and fine motor behavior (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI (1.17, 5.86), P = 0.003). Conclusion The current study shows that rehabilitation combined with pharmacotherapy can effectively improve the recovery, quality of life, and social behavior of children with CP.

PROMPT to improve speech motor abilities in children with cerebral palsy: a wait-list control group trial protocol

BackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) often have communication impairments, including speech altered intelligibility. Multiple levels of disrupted speech have been reported in CP, which negatively impact on participation and quality of life, with increase of care needs. Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) is an option, with debated benefits and limitations, in particular for its functional use. This is supported by a substantial lack of defined evidences in favor of direct speech articulation intervention in CP. Motor learning-based interventions are effective in CP and are the basis of speech motor interventions such as PROMPT (Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets). The PROMPT speech motor treatment provides tactile-kinesthetic inputs to facilitate articulatory movements by dynamic modelling, resulting in more efficient motor patterns that can be integrated into speech and communication. In CP, exploratory evidences support the feasibility and preliminarily advantages on intelligibility of motor speech treatments, such as PROMPT, with increased speech motor control, also documented by kinematic analyses.MethodsA randomized waitlist-control trial will be conducted in children aged between 3- and 10-years having CP and dysarthria (estimated sample size = 60 children). Children will be allocated in the immediate intervention or in the waitlist control group. The intervention consists of an intensive 3 weeks period of twice-a-day administration of PROMPT. Standard care will be administered in the control (waitlist) group. After repeated baseline assessments (T0), the PROMPT treated group will undergo the experimental 3-week intervention period, with T1 assessment at the end. A further T2 assessment will be provided at medium term (3 months after the end of the intervention) for evaluating the stability of intervention. Primary and secondary speech clinical and kinematics outcome measures will be collected at T0, T1 and T2.DiscussionThis paper describes the study protocol consisting of a RCT with two main objectives: (1) to evaluate the or short-term benefits of an intensive speech motor intervention on speech and intelligibility in children with CP and the stability of the intervention at medium term; (2) to describe the kinematic correlates of speech motor control modifications.Trial registrationTrial registration date 06/12/2019; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04189159.

Effects of grazing, rotation, and tillage on surface runoff in a heavy textured Uruguayan soil

AbstractAdopting no‐till (NT) after conventional tillage (CT) could affect surface runoff, but this effect may also depend on the rotation type, such as continuous grain crop (CC) or crop–pasture rotation (CP). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of soil‐tillage practices and rotation type on runoff in a long‐term field (LTF) trial established in 1993 on a Mollisol. This experiment was carried from 2012 to 2017 and included three tillage rotations (NT–CP, NT–CC, and CT–CP) and a natural pasture (NP) as a control, with three replications. Runoff was monitored under natural rainfall in microplots. The pasture of the CP treatment was rotationally grazed with dairy cows at high stocking rates before this experiment. We hypothesized that soil compaction by animal trampling during grazing would increase surface runoff regardless of tillage type. We measured the number of events and runoff depth in all treatments, grain yield, soil bulk density (BD), and infiltration rate (IR) in NT–CP and NT–CC. The results showed a statistically significant increase in average runoff (107 mm yr–1) for all rotations relative to NP (68 mm yr–1) and a significant difference for the mean of both CP rotations (119 mm yr–1) compared with NT–CC (83 mm yr–1). During the crop phase (excluding the pasture), the two NT rotations showed a similar trend, but with higher BD (1.23 g cm–3) and lower IR (27.2 mm h–1) for NT–CP. We concluded that animal trampling increased surface runoff regardless of tillage, but this effect would need to be confirmed at other sites.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cicadidae Periostracum Extract and Oleic Acid through Inhibiting Inflammatory Chemokines Using PCR Arrays in LPS-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of CP and OA treatments in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells on overall chemokines and their receptors using PCR arrays. In addition, we aimed to confirm those effects and mechanisms in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages on some chemokines and cytokines. In our study, CP treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL9, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and the phosphorylations of PI3K p55, Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. CP treatments also significantly decreased the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, and CXCL2, while markedly inhibiting phospho-PI3K p55 and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. Likewise, OA treatments significantly suppressed the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, CCRL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly reducing the phosphorylations of PI3K p85, PI3K p55, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. Finally, OA treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, CXCL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing phospho-PI3K p55, iNOS, and Cox-2 in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. These results prove that CP and OA treatments have anti-inflammatory effects on the inflammatory chemokines and cytokines by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators, including PI3K, Akt, MAPKs, NF-κB, iNOS, and Cox-2. These findings suggest that CP and OA are potential chemokine-based therapeutic substances for treating the lung and airway inflammation seen in allergic disorders.

Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Society of Surgeons, the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the Association of Surgeons-Hepatologists and the Endoscopic Society “REndO” on Diagnostics and Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis

Aim:to present modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis for gastroenterologists, general practitioners and physicians.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a long-term inflammatory disease of the pancreas, manifested by irreversible morphological changes in the parenchyma and pancreatic ducts, which cause pain and/or persistent impairment of function. Current concept on the etiology of CP is reflected by the TIGAR-O classification. The criteria for establishing the diagnosis of CP include typical attacks of abdominal pain and/or clinical and laboratory signs of exocrine, endocrine insufficiency with the mandatory detection of characteristic morphological changes (calcifications in the parenchyma and pancreatic ductal stones, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and its branches). CT, MRCP, and pancreatobiliary endosonography are recommended as the methods of choice to verify the diagnosis of CP. Conservative treatment of patients with CP is provided for symptom relief and prevention of complications. Individual cases with severe non-interactable abdominal pain, as well as a complicated course of the disease (development of ductal hypertension due to main pancreatic duct stones or strictures, obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the common bile duct, symptomatic postnecrotic cysts, portal hypertension due to compression of the portal vein or thrombosis of the splenic vein, persistent duodenal obstruction, pseudoaneurysm of the celiac trunk basin and the superior mesenteric artery) serve as an indication for endoscopic or surgical treatment. The Guidelines set out modern approaches to the diagnosis, conservative, endoscopic and surgical treatment of CP, and the prevention of its complications.Conclusion.The implementation of clinical guidelines can contribute to the timely diagnosis and improve the quality of medical care for patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Investigating the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of Guihuang formula on Chronic Prostatitis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceChronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex, intractable and prevalent urological disorder in men with no effective treatment. Guihuang formula (GHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound that is advantageous as a CP treatment, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Research and exploration of the mechanism of GHF will help the development of a potentially valuable drug for CP and provide deeper insight into CP. Aim of the studyTo examine and further clarify the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of GHF on CP. Materials and methodsThe chemical components in GHF were identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The active components and potential targets of GHF for the treatment of CP were screened and analyzed using network pharmacology and molecular docking. We constructed a CP rat model to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHF on CP and verify the influence of key targets and core pathways based on the results of network pharmacology. ResultsA total of 143 ingredients were identified in GHF using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and 111 potential targets for GHF of CP were predicted. The “drug-ingredient-target-pathway” network was constructed and in compliance with the “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi” principle. GHF significantly reduced the prostate index, alleviated histological damage in the prostate, decreased CD3+ T cells and CD45+ leukocyte infiltration in the prostate, downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, COX-2, MCP-1 and TNF-α, decreased ROS levels and alleviated the production of MDA accompanied by an increase of SOD and GSH-PX levels. Meanwhile, GHF suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, downregulated the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB and inhibited the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB. ConclusionA network pharmacology and experimental validation-based strategy was used to elucidate the underlying “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” mode of action of GHF against CP. We verified that GHF inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response, suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, inhibited the activation of the inflammation-related PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in CP rat. These findings extend the conventional views of “one drug hits one target”, and offer novel insights and indication paradigm for the future discovery on the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound.

Does G protein‐coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Contribute to Cisplatin‐induced Acute Kidney Injury?

Cisplatin (Cp) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. Nephrotoxicity is the dose‐limiting side effect of Cp. Acute kidney injury (AKI) following Cp administration is multi‐factorial, involving cellular toxicity, inflammation and proximal tubular injury. Recent evidence points to renal protective actions of G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in nephropathies evoked by salt loading, hypertension, methotrexate and ischemia reperfusion. Additionally, GPER1 abundance increases after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the involvement of GPER1 signaling in Cp‐induced nephrotoxicity remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to test whether genetic deletion of GPER1 exacerbates Cp‐induced AKI in male mice. We subjected 14‐16 weeks‐old male mice homozygous (homo), heterozygous (het) for GPER1 gene and wild‐type (WT) littermates to Cp or saline injections and assessed markers for renal injury on the third day after injections. Specifically, we measured serum creatinine (sCr), urea, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), histological indexes of renal tubular injury and abundance of kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) and NGAL in the kidney. We determined also serum levels of proinflammatory markers in saline and Cp‐treated mice. A rise sCr was evident in all Cp‐treated mice, compared to saline‐treated mice (WT: 1.72±0.24 vs. 0.12±0.01; het: 1.14±0.30 vs. 0.12±0.01; homo: 1.28±0.31 vs. 0.14±0.01 mg/dl, p&lt;0.0001, p=0.0149, p=0.0028, respectively, n=9‐13). Serum urea and NGAL levels followed the same pattern as sCr. Cp‐induced AKI resulted in comparable histological evidence of injury in all genotypes. Kidney KIM‐1 abundance was higher in saline‐treated homo mice, compared to corresponding WT mice (14.00±2.30 vs. 7.62±0.70 AU, respectively, p=0.0188, n=8, 13). Kidney KIM‐1 abundance was markedly upregulated in response to Cp in all groups, however, no genotypic differences were observed in kidney KIM‐1 in Cp‐treated mice. Cytokine panel assessment demonstrated increased circulating levels of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐5, IL‐10 and tumor necrosis factor‐a in Cp‐treated mice. GPER1 deletion lowered plasma IL‐12p70 (p=0.0176). Given the protective role of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in Cp‐mediated cell injury, we also investigated genotypic differences in renal HO‐1 abundance. WT and homo mice showed greater renal HO‐1 abundance in response to Cp. Interestingly, renal HO‐1 abundance was lower in Cp‐treated homo, compared to Cp‐treated WT mice (65.74±6.70 vs. 87.83±5.11 AU, respectively, p=0.0083, n=8, 13), despite the lack of genotypic differences in kidney HO‐1 levels in saline‐treated mice. Overall, we demonstrate that GPER1 homo, het male mice and WT littermates elicit comparable renal injury in response to Cp. We show also that GPER1 deletion diminishes HO‐1 induction in response Cp, suggesting that GPER1 may play a permissive role for HO‐1 cytoprotective actions in AKI. GPER1‐induced regulation of HO‐1 after Cp treatment may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AKI.

Vista blockade reprograms tumor myeloid cells and relieves adaptive resistance

Abstract treatment. Significantly, VISTA shows broad expression in many cancer types, with enhanced expression upon development of adaptive immune checkpoint resistance. In the CT26 colon cancer model, growth of small tumors (40mm3), are retarded by anti-VISTA monotherapy, and are readily rejected following anti-CTLA4/anti-PD-L1 (CP)therapy. In contrast, very large tumors (&amp;gt;600mm3), are refractory to CP therapy. However, combinatorial therapy of CP with anti-VISTA leads to rejection of about half the tumors. Both in monotherapy and combination therapy the mechanisms of enhanced anti-tumor immunity were investigated using scRNAseq, multiplex image analysis and flow cytometry of the tumor immune infiltrate. In both treatment models, anti-VISTA upregulated stimulated myeloid antigen-presentation pathways and reduced myeloid mediated suppression. Multi-spectral imaging revealed an anti-VISTA stimulated increase in contacts between CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells, further supporting the notion of increased antigen presentation upon anti-VISTA treatment. Transcriptional analysis of antigen-specific CD8 T cells showed that anti-VISTA therapy induced T cell pathways highly distinct from the anti-exhaustion effects of CP. These data suggest the non-redundancy of CP and anti-VISTA treatment, and support the use of these treatments in combination to overcome the adaptive resistance seen in contemporary treatments involving PD-1 and/or CTLA-4. Research was supported by NIH grants R01AR070760 (R.J.N.), R01CA214062 (R.J.N.), and 1R21CA227996 (C.C.) and the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) (RR180061 to C.C.). C.C. is a CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research.

Russian consensus on the use of incobotulinumtoxinA in children with cerebral palsy for the treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea

Botulinum therapy for cerebral palsy (CP) is considered not only as one of the effective approaches for the treatment of increased muscle tone and spasticity, but also as a method of excessive salivation correction. The article presents an overview of the results of Russian and foreign studies on the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of spasticity of the lower and upper limbs, as well as sialorrhea in patients with CP. The article also provides a consensus opinion of Russian specialists working with patients with CP and using Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) in their practice for the treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea. This consensus was based on the results of a Russian retrospective multicenter study on the use of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea in CP, data from recently published international clinical trials, and our own clinical experience. We present detailed practical recommendations on the calculation of the total dose of incobotulinumtoxinA per procedure for the treatment of spasticity in CP, on the calculation of incobotulinumtoxinA dose for the most common target muscles (lower and upper limbs) for spasticity treatment in CP, on incobotulinumtoxinA dilution and dose calculation for sialorrhea treatment in children, on incobotulinumtoxinA dilution and dose calculation for simultaneous treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea in CP. We justify incobotulinumtoxinA use, when simultaneous treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea is necessary, which allows reducing the intervals between repeated injection cycles. IncobotulinumtoxinA use in children with CP demonstrates a favorable safety profile, including long-term use.

Coexistence of craniopharyngioma and cranial fibrous dysplasia: a case series of clinicopathological study

BackgroundCraniopharyngioma (CP) and cranial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) are rare embryonic benign cranial diseases that most commonly present during childhood or adolescence. The coexistence of CP and CFD is extremely rare and has not yet been reported.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of five patients with concomitant CP and CFD treated at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2003 to January 2021 and summarized their clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcomes. We also performed a comprehensive literature review, tested the patients for characteristic GNAS gene mutations related to CFD, and tested the CP specimens for corresponding Gsα protein to explore the potential connection leading to the coexistence of CP and CFD.ResultsThe cohort comprised four men and one woman (median age, 39 years). The symptoms mainly included headache, dizziness, fatigue, polyuria/polydipsia, hypogonadism, and blurred vision. CFD most commonly involved the sphenoid bone (n = 4). Four patients underwent surgery to remove the CP (one trans-sphenoidal and three transcranial resections); complete and subtotal resection were achieved in two patients, respectively. The tumor subtype was adamantinomatous in three patients and unknown in one. The common postoperative complications were panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and hypothyroidism. The mean follow-up duration was 57.2 months. Two patients required postoperative hormone replacement therapy. Three patients underwent genetic study of the tumor specimens; GNAS mutations were not detected, but these patients were positive for Gsα protein.ConclusionsAlthough a definite causative relationship has not been proved, the coexistence of CP and CFD means that potential interplay or an atypical fibrous dysplasia course as uncommon manifestations of CP cannot be excluded. It is more challenging to initiate prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment for concomitant CP and CFD than for solitary CP because of skull base deformations. Current management strategies are aimed at surgical treating the CP and regularly monitoring the CFD.

A comprehensive study on decontamination of food-borne microorganisms by cold plasma

Food-borne microorganisms are one of the biggest concern in food industry. Food-borne microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Hepatitis A are commonly found in food products and can cause severe ailments in human beings. Hence, disinfection of food is performed before packaging is performed to sterilize food. Traditional methods for disinfection of microorganisms are based on chemical, thermal, radiological and physical principles. They are highly successful, but they are complex and require more time and energy to accomplish the procedure. Cold plasma is a new technique in the field of food processing. CP treatments has no or very low effect on physical, chemical and nutritional properties of food products. This paper reviews the effect of plasma processing on food products such as change in colour, texture, pH level, protein, carbohydrate, and vitamins. Cold plasma by being a versatile, effective, economical and environmentally friendly method provides unique advantages over commercial food processing technologies for disinfection of food.

Chlorpyrifos pesticide reduction in soybean using cold plasma and ozone treatments

To meet market demands, soybean is predominantly grown with the excess use of harmful pesticides like chlorpyrifos, which leaves poisonous residues on the seeds' surfaces. In this study, we have treated chlorpyrifos (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) infused soybean with ozone (300–550 mg/l) and low pressure (2 mbar) cold plasma (CP: 1.0–2.0 kV) for up to a period of 30 min to reduce the pesticide residues. However, it was found that at higher pesticide concentrations, ozone treatment can only cause 50% pesticide reduction after 30 min exposure, even at 550 mg/l concentration. In contrast, CP treatment took only 6 min to achieve the same at 2.0 kV voltage level but caused a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in moisture content and seed coat integrity. However, the water absorption of CP treated samples was higher (∼230%) than ozone-treated samples (∼200%). Furthermore, increased pesticide concentration reduced the pesticide degradation rate for ozone (0.078–0.0643 min−1) and cold plasma (0.160–0.143 min−1) treatments even at higher treatment intensities. Nevertheless, CP was effective against chlorpyrifos than ozone treatment and caused minor quality changes in soybeans.

Effects of boar sperm antioxidant supplementation on fertility

Use of cooled stored boar semen for artificial insemination accounts for 99% of inseminations in pork production sectors worldwide. The aim of the present study was to examine use of GameteGuard®-CP, a natural plant derived blend of antioxidants, supplemented in one commercially available semen extender on sperm quality, conception rate, farrowing rate, and litter size. Ejaculates from 16 commercial Duroc boars were used in a split-ejaculate single-sire artificial insemination study. Sperm were evaluated for motility, viability, acrosome integrity, membrane stability, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA intactness, and total antioxidant reactivity on both day 1 and 4 subsequent to ejaculate collection. Sows were inseminated after a treatment regimen was imposed to synchronize time of ovulation (n = 1476) among females using sperm collected 4 days subsequent to ejaculate collection extended in AndroStar Plus® or GameteGuard®-CP supplemented extender. At day 4 post-ejaculate collection, there was maintenance of sperm viability, membrane stability, acrosome intactness, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA intactness (P < 0.01) when there was use of GameteGuard®-CP treatments. When control samples were used, there were lesser (P < 0.01) values from day 1–4 for all variables evaluated. Conception rate and farrowing rates were 7.4% and 9.7% greater, respectively (P < 0.05), but there was no difference as a result of GameteGuard®-CP-treatment in mean litter outcomes. The results in the present study indicate antioxidant supplementation using GameteGuard®-CP maintains sperm quality during cool sperm storage resulting in improved conception and farrowing rates when using semen stored in the cooled state for as long as 4 days.

Drug treatment in improving the results and reducing the complications of endoscopic transurethral surgery in chronic non-bacterial sclerosis of prostate

Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis category III / chronic pelvic pain syndrome is detected in 90-95% of patients and depending on the disorders of proteolytic processes in the blood and prostate is subdivided into inflammatory (category IIIA) and non-inflammatory (category IIIB). The treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis must be complex, strictly differentiated and must provide for action on all etiological links and methods (drug and surgical) of treatment of CP. The paper determined the efficiency of entomological medication in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and the contribution in preventing complications and improving the results of endoscopic transurethral treatment performed in this category of patients. It has been found that the administration of adenoprosine in combination with the standard complex physiotherapy of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis category IIIA and B (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) of the entomological preparation significantly increases the efficacy of the applied treatment, prevents or stops the evolution of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis consequences or intra- and postoperative complications in laser Ho: YAG transurethral endoscopic treatment, performed on the need of these categories of patients. Revolix laser prostate incision is a fast, harmless and promising procedure for, including, recurrent prostate sclerosis, and is used in the elimination of after bladder obstruction with satisfactory clinical results.

Application effect of high efficiency and stability urea added with biochemical inhibitors and humic acid in loess

We carried out pot experiment to investigate nitrogen transformation characteristics, yield increasing effect, and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in loess soils by combining chemi-cal inhibitor and biostimulant humic acid to investigate the application effect and provide a theoretical basis for new type highly efficient and stable urea in loess soil. In this study, blank (CK) and urea (N) were set as controls, and humic acid alone (F), N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine (NBPT), 3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine (CP) and humic acid were respectively combined with three biochemical inhibitors to urea. The results showed that compared with N treatment, F, NBPT+F, DMPP+F, CP+F treatments significantly increased maize yield, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake, and had obvious effects on soil available nitrogen contents. The addition of humic acid increased chlorophyll content of maize leaves in all cases compared to the application of biochemical inhibitors alone. Compared with CP treatment, CP+F treatment could significantly increase nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen adsorption efficiency of maize. Addition of humic acid with NBPT increased nitrification inhibition rate by 10.7% compared with NBPT alone, but decreased yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with DMPP treatment, DMPP+F treatment significantly reduced maize yield, leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrification inhibition rate. Considering maize yield, plant N uptake, N fertilizer uptake rate and soil ammonium N and nitrate N contents, the addition of humic acid and CP is recommended for urea application in loess areas to enhance urea performance, yield, and fertilizer utilization.

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Complexes of Cerium(IV): Synthesis, Reactivity, and Electrochemistry.

Treatment of Cp*2CeCl2K(THF) with alkali-metal alkoxides and siloxides in the presence of hexachloroethane generates the monomeric bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) cerium(IV) complexes Cp*2Ce(OR)2 (Cp* = C5Me5; R = Et, iPr, CH2tBu, tBu, SiMe3, or SiPh3). Large substituents R trigger ligand scrambling to half-sandwich complexes Cp*Ce(OR)3, which could be isolated for R = tBu and SiPh3. Similar reactions with sodium aryloxide NaOAr (OAr = OC6H3iPr2-2,6) led to Cp*2Ce(OAr)Cl. Treatment of tris(cyclopentadienyl) complexes CpR3CeCl (CpH = Cp = C5H5; CpMe = C5H4Me) with NaOAr afforded CpMe2Ce(OAr)2 and Cp3Ce(OAr). The cerium(IV) complexes display a pseudotetrahedral geometry in the solid state. Cyclic voltammetry revealed mostly chemically reversible as well as electrochemically quasi-reversible redox processes with potentials ranging from -0.84 to -1.61 V versus Fc/Fc+. Switching from sandwich to half-sandwich complexes decreased the electrochemical potentials drastically, showing better stabilization of the cerium(IV) center in the case of Cp*Ce(OR)3 than in the case of Cp*2Ce(OR)2. Enhanced stabilization of the cerium +IV oxidation state could be further demonstrated in the series alkoxy > siloxy > aryloxy as well as C5Me5 > C5HMe4.

Post-Closure Technique to Reduce Vascular Complications Related to Impella CP

BackgroundUse of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support has grown exponentially. Vascular complications remain a growing concern and best practices for device removal do not exist. We describe a novel post-closure technique for the next generation Impella CP removal and immediate hemostasis. MethodsThis study is a single center, retrospective, exploratory analysis of 11 consecutive patients receiving an Impella CP for either high-risk PCI or cardiogenic shock and then referred for post-closure compared to 20 patients receiving manual compression for Impella CP removal between 2017 and 2019. ResultsMean age range was 62.7–65.4 years and 50–65% male between groups. Average duration of Impella CP treatment ranged from 3.4 to 5.2 days. Patients referred for post-closure had significantly lower rates of all-cause adverse vascular events (0% versus 40%; n = 0/11 versus n = 8/20; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in BARC 3 or greater bleeding, transfusion requirement, hospitalization duration or intensive care duration between removal strategies. ConclusionThe novel post-closure technique may significantly reduce vascular complications associated with device removal and may improve clinical outcomes for these critically ill patients.

Cefepime and diclofenac sodium combined treatment-potentiated multiple organ injury: Role of oxidative damage and disrupted lipid metabolism.

Concurrent exposure to antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is usually inevitable in most infections and postsurgery. Consequently, the present study was designed to assess the intertwining impact of coadministration of cefepime (CP, a wide spectrum antibiotic) and diclofenac sodium (DF, an NSAID) on rat's liver, kidney, and testes. Ratsreceived saline, CP (180 mg/kg/day, IM), DF (10 mg/kg/day, IM), or a combination of CP and DF. After 14 days, CP or DF induced tissue damage expressed by marked biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal function tests. Besides this, disrupted lipid metabolism and testosterone levels along with significant histological changes in hepatic, renal, and testicular tissues were noticed. A significant increase in malondialdehyde and decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities alongside significant upregulated caspase 3 expression in tissues following CP or DF treatment suggested a bearable influence of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Accordingly, the simultaneous therapy of CP and DF evoked more obvious tissue damage than their individual treatment. Overall, data concluded that concurrent use of CP and DF in medical practice is a worrisome matter, so it should be done cautiously to avoid synergistic deleterious outcomes.