Travel Journals Research Articles

The road more travelled: how user-generated content can lead to homogenized travel journalism

Travel journalism is one source travellers turn to in order to research a destination, alongside friends who have been there, guidebooks, websites, blogs, user review sites, and chat rooms. But the travel journalists they consult would also have consulted these sources and planned their trip based on what they find there. This paper examines whether homogeneous tourism reports maintain existing power relations, or whether travel journalists challenge this via heterogeneous, alternative reports. It questions travel journalism students about their use of and attitudes towards online travel media. Employing interviews and a survey, it finds that homogeneous travel attitudes and reports are highly influential in directing them in what to see and what to think about it, maintaining existing power relations and ideologies of tourism. Even when they actively expressed a desire for heterogeneous alternative viewpoints and agendas, Internet media directed them back towards mainstream tourist themes. The implications for more self-reflexive and varied attitudes towards tourism and tourism media are discussed.

British High Churchmen, Continental Church Tourism and the Roman Connection in the Nineteenth Century

This article examines accounts of continental church life to be found in the travel journals, letters and books of leading High Church Anglicans in the nineteenth century. It argues that these constitute a neglected source of evidence for understanding the interaction between continental church developments and the High Church revival in Anglicanism. It focuses particularly on accounts of travel in Catholic countries, and concludes that there are good reasons for assuming that experience of Catholic worship on the continent influenced High Church attitudes towards liturgical and ritual reform in Anglicanism.

When the Eggs in One Basket All Cracked: Addressing the Downturn in Macau's Casino and VIP Junket System

Gaming Law Review and EconomicsVol. 19, No. 7 ArticlesWhen the Eggs in One Basket All Cracked: Addressing the Downturn in Macau's Casino and VIP Junket SystemGlenn McCartneyGlenn McCartneySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:17 Sep 2015https://doi.org/10.1089/glre.2015.1976AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byThe impact of the coronavirus outbreak on Macao. From tourism lockdown to tourism recovery12 May 2020 | Current Issues in Tourism, Vol. 24, No. 19Securing Chinese mass market visitation to Cotai’s integrated resorts (IRs): Determinants of gaming and non-gaming attributes that influence IR selection29 August 2019 | Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 20, No. 3A new dualistic approach to brand attitude: The role of passion among integrated resort customersInternational Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 78An exploratory study of how casino dealer communication styles lead to player satisfaction13 July 2018 | Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol. 35, No. 9An examination of the impact of green impressions by delegates toward a trade show27 October 2017 | Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, Vol. 19, No. 1An examination of the pull and push factors influencing hotel selection by Chinese outbound travelers26 September 2016 | International Journal of Tourism Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 Volume 19Issue 7Sep 2015 InformationCopyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Glenn McCartney.When the Eggs in One Basket All Cracked: Addressing the Downturn in Macau's Casino and VIP Junket System.Gaming Law Review and Economics.Sep 2015.527-537.http://doi.org/10.1089/glre.2015.1976Published in Volume: 19 Issue 7: September 17, 2015PDF download

Inspiration and Spectacle: The Case of Fingal's Cave in Nineteenth-Century Art and Literature

Fingal's Cave is one of at least twelve sea caves on tiny Scottish island of Staffa. It is, without doubt, most famous and was depicted in countless written and visual records of visits to island in nineteenth century. As Jennifer Davis Michael observes, perhaps no other British site in [Romantic] period was rendered in so many different arts (2), and, as Marianne Sommer and others have shown, Fingal's Cave was a key site in rave (Sommer 197) that began with Romantics and lasted throughout Victorian period. Staffa, to Viking travelers as isle of staves for its basalt columns (Dean 194), and iconic Fingal's Cave were, story goes, discovered by Sir Joseph Banks in 1772 and were first made to when his journal of travel appeared in Thomas Pennant's 1774–76 multi-volume, A Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to Hebrides, 1772 . Banks, who was on his way to or returning from an excursion to Iceland (twentieth and twenty-first-century histories are inconsistent on this point), stopped off at Staffa to visit cave and wrote first—and most influential—study of its geological features and experience of looking upon them. Banks, in his detailed description of Fingal's Cave published within Pennant's book, pronounced it the most magnificent... that has ever been described by travellers (301). This publication, story continues, made Staffa known to outside world (Michael 2; see also Dean 194, Gordon 69, Shortland 5–6) and thus initiated a flurry of tourism to island by some of most eminent writers and artists of Romantic period and beyond. Michael Shortland writes that Banks set in motion a tide of enthusiasm and research in caves which lasted for over half a century (6). Banks's account also encouraged connection between Fingal's Cave and poems of Ossian, son of Fingal, as Michael discusses in Ocean meets Ossian: Staffa as Romantic Symbol. The repetition and consistency of this narrative in studies of Fingal's Cave is remarkable both for what it reveals about significance of this extraordinary site in British cultural history and because narrative is, to a surprising degree, an illusory one.

Patterns, Fixedness and Variability: Using PoS-grams to Find Phraseologies in the Language of Travel Journalism

As considerable attention has been paid in recent years to variability within fixed sequences (e.g. Biber, 2009; and Gray and Biber, 2013), this paper describes the use of a Corpus Linguistics technique, the Part-of-Speech-gram (usually abbreviated to PoS-gram), that allows potential variability across all slots, and is extremely effective for the discovery of phraseologies that might otherwise remain hidden. A PoS-gram is a string of Part-of-Speech categories (Stubbs, 2007) the tokens of which are strings of words that have been annotated with these PoS tags. Hence, in each slot of the PoS-gram, any word can occur as long as it belongs to the PoS category of that particular position. Despite the vast potential of this technique, it has up to now been largely underused.This paper will illustrate the utility of PoS-grams by way of analysis of a 450,000 token corpus composed of travel journalism texts from the BBC website. The PoS-grams extracted are compared with a database of PoS-grams obtained from the 100M token BNC. While a large number were found to be statistically significant, in-depth analysis was conducted on PoS-grams containing the inflected superlative adjective form AJS, a feature previously recognized as being central to tourism/travel-writing though without reference to corpus-based techniques (e.g. Dann, 1996).

An Exploratory Study on Travel Journals of Mt. Jiri by Confucian Scholars in the Japanese Colonial Period

An Exploratory Study on Travel Journals of Mt. Jiri by Confucian Scholars in the Japanese Colonial Period

“Narrative Readings of the Images She Sees”

This article examines how George Eliot negotiated the nineteenth-century debate regarding connections and divergences between literature and the visual arts. It traces her knowledge of narrative art in her early career and indicates how her travel journals provided a site to develop a narrative way of seeing. Her early fiction, especially the story “Janet's Repentance” in Scenes of Clerical Life, shows how Eliot integrated this way of seeing into her fiction by creating narrative-oriented character portraits, a technique she perfected in her most famous novel, Middlemarch. Still, after the publication of Middlemarch, Eliot found ways to expand this technique in her last novel, Daniel Deronda, by drawing on Pre-Raphaelite paintings to provide more socially oriented narrative portraits. By expanding this technique to include socially oriented portraits, Eliot made a significant contribution to the debate over the relationship between literature and the visual arts, showing that the two mediums could be fused.

Anxiety of Glocalization: Contemporary Chinese Art Responding to Western Influence

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLian DUANLian DUAN, Ph. D. in literary theory and Ph. D. in visual art. He is a senior lecturer and coordinator of the Chinese Program at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. His research interest covers classical Chinese poetry, classical Chinese painting, contemporary art and art theory, as well as art history and comparative literature. He has published more than ten books on literature and art. As an essayist, he has also published collection of art reviews and travel journal.

An Armadillo in Paris by J. Kraulis

Kraulis, Julie. An Armadillo in Paris. Toronto: Tundra Books, 2014. Print.This picture book explores the beautiful city of Paris through the eyes of Arlo, the armadillo. Arlo’s grandfather wrote travel journals for him to use once he was old enough to travel and he goes on an adventure to Paris in search of the Iron Lady. The story intricately weaves passages from the journal and Arlo’s personal experiences as he explores the city. Each stop brings him closer to his final destination and provides clues on what is the Iron Lady. Some of Arlo’s experiences include buying macaroons from a French bakery, observing the pyramid in the courtyard of the Louvre, and visiting the Jardin du Luxembourg or Luxembourg Gardens. At the end of his journey, Arlo discovers that the Iron Lady is the iconic Eiffel Tower. Beautiful artwork accompanies the narrative. Overall, this book takes readers on an adventure through Paris that is suitable for children from Kindergarten to Grade 2. The book concludes with a page “All about the Iron Lady,” which includes interesting facts about the Eiffel Tower that will delight children and adults. Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Janice KungJanice Kung is an Academic Library Intern at the University of Alberta’s John W. Scott Health Sciences Library. She obtained her undergraduate degree in commerce and completed her MLIS in 2013. She believes that the best thing to beat the winter blues is to cuddle up on a couch and lose oneself in a good book.

REVITALIZATION OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE OF BAMPOUR

Abstract. People are beginning looking to change their environment in order to make optimum use of it. Persian gardens glowing example of the human ability to promote environmental resilience and their habitations. Formation of these Gardens during on the structures made a combination of art and the engineering of Iranians that are now a valuable part of the historical heritage of this land is considered. In This research a khaleseh Persian garden that located in Castel twenty-five kilometers from the city of Iranshahr in Sistan and Baluchestan province belonging to the late Qajar period, has been studied. The leading research indicates that the unique Persian garden in this zone with economic and the residential nature was source for the cereal crops storage. This garden after the drought and destroyed other khaleseh gardens around it, lost its importance are now a ruin, that Due to the invasion of the sand and sabulous into the garden, every day destruction process of the natural structure becomes more. Although the garden buildings have been repaired, but according to the Florence charter that required the restoration of the Heritage and context knows coexisting and according continuity of the natural structures and historic buildings garden, restoration cannot be separated from the garden. The methodology of this study with regard to the authenticity and integrity that are the most important principles of the revitalization heritage, Documentation landscape garden and its changes with the study and compare of historical documents, historical photos, maps and aerial photos and travel journals in order to reconstruct the original garden plan has been that has to be provided context to revitalization of the valuable Heritage that is only Persian Garden remains in Baluchestan province.

Is This Love? Same-Sex Marriages in Renaissance Rome

In 1578, a same-sex community that gathered in a church, performing marriages between men, was discovered in Rome. Documentary evidence now verifies this story, reported by many sources, including a passage of Michel de Montaigne's Travel Journal, but which was for a long time denied by scholars. While briefly reconstructing this affair, this article explores the complex emotional regime surrounding the episode. In particular, it argues that those who participated in the ceremonies did so not only as an expression of affection for their partners, but also in an attempt to legitimize their relationships in a rite that imitated the Counter-Reformation sacrament of marriage. This approach challenges the predominant historiography on the birth of homosexuality and helps us to better understand the sentiments of those who were part of a same-sex community in Renaissance Rome.

Bucharest during the Peace of 1812

The year 1812 remains in the history of the Romanian Principalities as the year when the peace treaty to end the Russian-Turkish war is signed. Bessarabia was acquired by the Russian Empire from Moldavia as a consequence of the warfare. The peace treaty was signed in Bucharest, at Manuc''s Inn, who was owned by Manuc Bei. He was an important Armenian merchant in Bucharest, who played a key role during the negotiation. The diplomats who participated in the peace have left travel journals depicting aspects of the city organization, how the peace talks were held and the role of the host in preparing the discussion sessions. This article describes the city, using testimonies left by Count Langeron Andrault, by the Russian general Mihail Kutuzov and by the English Attached Ambassador at the Ottoman Empire, Sir Robert Thomas Wilson. It article also encompasses diplomatic and consular reports from the volume Consular and Diplomatic English Reports about the Danubian Principalities, 1800-1812, coordinated by the historian Paul Cernovodeanu and from the “ Hurmuzaki” collection of documents. The purpose of the research is to analyze the following aspects : the image of the city, the impact of the peace organization on residents, the role played by Manuc Bei in the negotiations and the consequences of the peace treaty on the local population.

“Poor Old Palace-Prison!”: Jewish Urban Memory in Amy Levy’s “The Ghetto at Florence” (1886)

In an 1886 piece of travel journalism written for the London-based periodical The Jewish Chronicle , the Anglo-Jewish writer Amy Levy records some brief, witty observations on the history and current conditions of the Jewish ghetto at Florence. By writing from the narrative perspective of a self-identifying English Jew, Levy addresses in “The Ghetto at Florence” a history of Jewish exclusion and confinement represented by the ghetto, while also using this site to engage her complex attitudes towards Jewishness in the mid-1880s, in London. Rather than an accurate history of place, however, what is foregrounded in her article is self-reflexivity about ways of seeing and the effects of memory. This paper examines her uses of imaginative representation, race science, and the photographic gaze to attempt a tactile and affective encounter with the ghetto. In occupying a vexed space between extreme openness to imagined historical resonances alongside ironic detachment from the inadequacies of the present moment, she embodies the characteristically isolated subjectivity of the flâneur . She does so while contemplating the role of Jewishness in using the past to make sense of modern identity.

Trade and Romance by Michael Murrin (review)

Reviewed by: Trade and Romance by Michael Murrin Maia Farrar Michael Murrin, Trade and Romance ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2014) 344 pp. Murrin’s Trade and Romance ponders the central role of “Father Asia” on Western literature and commerce between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries. Michael Murrin locates Marco Polo’s Asian travel as the impetus for the increasingly global and miraculous literature within Western Europe. For Murrin, the traders and merchants who brought tales of the East back to Europe inspired writers and Western cultural imagination of the next four centuries. Murrin explicitly sets out to address “three aims:” the role of “Father Asia” in creating a new trend in European “heroic literature,” the place of the mercantile and the aristocratic (or knightly) classes, and the growing knowledge of the global geography. These aims are further separated by the three chronological subcategories of the Mongol Period, the Portuguese, and finally the English period—which begins with Marco Polo and culminates with Spenser, Marlowe and Milton, where Murrin sees the decline and skepticism of the East. The unspoken through lines of commerce, a growing mercantile audience, and the glorification of trade similarly help guide the reader. Chapters 1 through 3 discuss the Mongol Empire and Marco Polo’s immensely popular travel journal, which brought the East and its geography into conversation with Western Europe, expanding the old boundaries of commerce and opening up the geographic diversity of “Father Asia’s” interior. Eastern cultures and their vastness, Murrin proposes, became popular and heroic within the Western romantic genre as a result of Marco Polo’s presentation of “the Marvelous Real.” As opposed to the Celtic fantasy of many Arthurian romances, this new Eastern romance “depended on real places that could be found on a map,” just places that were “very far away”(9). Murrin contends that the “older marvels” of romance were not displaced by this new reality; they simply contained more marvels and wonders than their predecessors. Thus Marco Polo and the Mongol empire, as it was portrayed to [End Page 268] the Western audience, “created the myth of the faraway” which made not only the journey of Chretien de Troyes’s chivalric quest something heroic, now the goal and destination of that journey was equally important. Murrin sees this change exemplified in Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale, where the Squire envisions a large world of gift giving and trade between the khan and the kings of “Arabe and of Inde” (13). This opened geographic reality expanded further in Matteo Boiardo’s Orlando innamorato, which illustrated the vast distance within inner Asia not yet explored by Western authors and thus required lengthy and marvelous trips to reach these far away places. Murrin again returns to Chretien to contrast the chivalric quest that could occur in any wilderness to this new romance that required a sufficiently distant locale and an “arduous journey” (16). The trade routes and Marco’s tales now added “the exotic” to romance’s host of characters as well, inspiring authors to create enemies and challenges such as “Marco’s Tibetan mastiff” and the feared Assassins of Alamut (30). The Assassins’ power “over time and space” made them suitable for romance, which Murrin takes up in his question of readership and audience through the Squire’s Tale’s appeal both “upward to the aristocracy” and “downward to the urban middling sort” (44). Again, commerce and “the commercial set” (or the rising urban class) becomes the central audience for romance’s Eastern expansion, which Murrin emphasizes in his fourth chapter on Boiardo’s mercantile adventures in Morgana’s gold mine in Orlando inamorato. The discussion of the Portuguese covers the Portuguese trade dominance and coastal exploration of India through the Huon cycle and Vasco da Gama’s epic journey in Os Lusiadas. Murrin uses the Huon romance to illustrate both Portugal’s coastal supremacy and their growing desire to reach the interior of Asia, which the romances turn into chivalric quests—but in reality indicated the Portuguese desire “to reach the sources of the gold supply” within the continent (97). In Huon’s luxurious Castle of Adamant the economic interests are emphasized while also illustrating the European...

Practising historical climatology in West Africa: a climatic periodisation 1750–1800

This paper presents the first interdecadal and interannual periodisation of the climate in West Africa between 1750 and 1800. The climatic synthesis is founded on previously unexploited British documents written at Cape Coast Castle, Cape Coast, Ghana and travel journals, which are combined with previous research on the Sahel. By combining historical evidence with the most recently identified rainfall patterns in the Sahel and the Guinea coast, the climatic periodisation distinguishes between wetter and drier periods. The results show that there was great interannual and interdecadal variability in the West African rainfall regime in the 18th century. The historical evidence suggests that the climate in the Sahel and the Guinea coastal interior alternated between five wet and dry periods, whereas the coastal dry zone alternated between three wet and dry periods. The most pronounced changes in the climate are found in the 1780s and 1790s. The Guinea coastal interior and the Sahel experienced a wet period in the 1780s and a dry period in the 1790s, whereas the coastal dry zone was drier in the 1780s and wetter in the 1790s. The investigation shows that the secondary rainy season on the Gold coast was weak or non-existent.

신문의 관광보도 내용분석

최근 들어 미디어의 관광에 대한 관심은 점차 증대되고 있으며 이에 따라 미디어에는 관광과 관련된 콘텐츠가 지속적으로 증가하는 추세를 보여주고 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 관광저널리즘의 현주소를 파악하는 한편 미디어산업과 관광산업의 바람직한 연계를 모색하기 위한 단초를 찾기 위해 주요 신문의 관광보도에 대한 내용분석을 실시하였다. 분석 기간은 2013년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 1년이었으며 순환표집을 실시해 53일치의 신문을 선택하였다. 주요 분석유목은 기사의 유형, 주제, 필자, 홍보성 정보의 포함 정도 등이었으며 신문사별 보도의 차이, 기사유형별 및 주제별 홍보성 정보의 포함 정도의 차이가 분석되었다. 분석결과 신문사별로는 기사의 유형, 주제, 홍보성정보의 포함 정도에서 차이를 보였으며 기사의 유형과 주제에 따라 홍보성정보의 포함 정도가 다른 것으로 밝혀졌다. 분석결과를 토대로 신문의 관광관련 보도의 문제점을 도출하였고 이를 개선하기 위한 방안들을 논의하였다. Recently, media's attention to tourism is enhanced, and the proportion of tourism related content is increasing. Hence, the present study performed a content analysis of the travel news stories in major Korean newspapers to figure out the current state of travel journalism. A rotation sampling method was employed, and 53 days in 2013 were selected. Main coding categories were type, theme, and writer of the news stories and the degree of promotional information in the news stories. Differences among newspapers and the degree of inclusion of the promotional information according to news types and themes were analyzed. Analyses revealed the differences among newspapers and the degree of inclusion of promotional information was different according to the news types and themes. On the basis of the findings, problems of the travel journalism were identified, and possible measures to solve the problems were discussed.

Geology and landscape in SW England in the late eighteenth century, as recorded in the travel journals of William George Maton (1774–1840)

Abstract In the summer of 1794 William George Maton, together with his friends Charles Hatchett and Thomas Rackett, embarked on a tour into Cornwall visiting the more southerly parts of Dorset and Devon en route . Rackett and Maton completed a second tour two years later, covering the rest of Dorset and Devon together with Somerset. An account of the tours was subsequently published by Maton, providing a contemporary description of SW England during the latter part of the eighteenth century. This was perhaps the first description of the region by scientifically aware travellers. They explored valleys, descended mines, visited smelters and collected minerals and must be regarded as among the earliest geotourists. Many sites which they visited, such as Roche Rock in Cornwall, Kent's Cavern in Devon and Wookey Hole in Somerset, became major attractions for geoscientists in the following centuries. Discussions in the text suggest that the travellers looked at the rocks with neptunist eyes. Maton summarized the geological and mineralogical references on a map which used shading with lines rather than colour to differentiate individual strata. Although rudimentary and inaccurate, the map is of considerable historic importance.

Antonio Fogazzaro’s Diario di viaggio in Svizzera

Antonio Fogazzaro (1842-1911), known above all for his novels on naturalism, decadentism and spiritualism, such as Piccolo Mondo Antico , Piccolo Mondo Moderno and Il Santo , began his literary career in 1873 with the narrative poem Miranda . However, his first literary attempt is the Diario di viaggio in Svizzera , which remained unpublished until 2006. In relation to this work, in the line of the excellent edition of Fabio Finotti, this article studies the links with the tradition of the travel journal of the 18th and 19th centuries, with the milanese scapigliatura, and the anticipation of several passages of Fogazzaro’s works written in the years 1873-1895, such as Miranda , Malombra and Piccolo Mondo Antico.

Brazil in the travel journal by Captain Robert FitzRoy of the HMS Beagle, 1828-1839

In the 1830s, the Royal Navy's ships were charged with precisely mapping out coastlines and ports, contacting local governments, and establishing trade and diplomatic relations. On returning to Britain, men like Robert FitzRoy, captain of the His Majesty's Ship (HMS) Beagle, would publish reports on their expeditions. They described and analyzed the societies they visited and compared them with Britain's actions around the globe. Brazil's tropical landscapes inspired their admiration, but its inhabitants were criticized for the inefficiency of their economic explorations and social backwardness. In this period, science accompanied the expansion of the British Empire, and accounts written by ships' captains legitimized the discourse about its practices of domination.

Dublin and its vicinity in 1797

This paper presents an hitherto unnoticed travel journal, describing Dublin and its vicinity in the summer and autumn of 1797. Its anonymous author, P.S., had a keen eye for architecture and describes many public buildings in the metropolis, such as the newly built Custom House and the Four Courts. In and outside of the city, he gives an account of private mansions, such as Leinster House, Charlemont House, Castletown House, Carton, and Lord Charlemont's Casino at Marino. The travel journal also focuses on landscape scenery and presents descriptions of demesnes, waterfalls and garden cottages and temples, many features of which have been since lost.