Travel Constraints Research Articles

A Market Segmentation Study of Solo Travel Intentions and Constraints

This study provides a market segmentation analysis of the prospective solo travel market based on perceived travel constraints. The data were collected from 1,017 Australian consumers. Using the Fuzzy C-Mean method, the study identified three segments: highly constrained, soloist, and socializer. The segments were distinctive in terms of perceived constraints and solo travel attitudes and intentions. The differences among the segments were investigated further using the concept of self-construal, measured by the level of autonomy and relatedness. Significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics were observed, especially regarding gender, age, and solo dwelling status. Practical recommendations are provided to inform strategies intended to offset travel constraints and create tourism experiences that cater to the needs of different prospective solo travel segments.

Travel Constraints, Trust, Travel Motivation and Travel Intention :

The limitation of traveling refers to individual limitations; namely, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints. However, trust shapes the traveler’s confidence to travel. Furthermore, travelers need motivation as their push factor to appeal their interest in traveling. This study aims to explore the relationship between travel constraints and trust on travel intention and travel motivation as the mediating variable. The sample was determined by using purposive sampling on Indonesia’s travelers who travelled during the Covid-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to February 2021 using online questionnaire. Results indicated that the intrapersonal constraint had positive effects on travel intention and travel motivation. On the other hand, interpersonal constraints and trust did not affect travel intention nor travel motivation. Therefore, the research results imply a positive contribution to the collaborative development theories between Theory Planned Behavior and those related in tourism sector. Leaders in tourism business sectors could plan their marketing strategies in a fast-changing pace in the world such as, the crises of Covid-19 pandemic to bring people’s motivation out in order to be interested in traveling again although with several terms and conditions after the human mobility was curtailed.

Needs, motivations, constraints and benefits of people with disabilities participating in tourism activities: the view of formal caregivers

ABSTRACT Although access to leisure is a right for all, people with disabilities (PwD) face great constraints in exercising this right. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the view of a group of Portuguese social organizations (PSO) that support PwD concerning the needs, motivations and constraints that they face when participating in tourism activities, as well as the benefits obtained through the participation in these activities. The results highlight that PwD are strongly motivated to participate in tourism activities, but they face a great number of constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural). Moreover, according to the view of PSO, PwD feel the benefits obtained from their participation in tourism activities intensely, which contributes to enhancing their well-being. The paper ends with strategies that should be implemented in tourism destinations to overcome the travel constraints faced by PwD to increase their participation in tourism activities.

Travel motives and constraints affecting student participation in a proposed study tour

ABSTRACT While experiential learning activities undertaken through study tours are a valuable component of undergraduate student training, not all students seek to participate. This paper addresses the lack of investigations into reasons for participating in study tours by higher-education students, especially among prospective study tour participants. Seven independent variables were first tested for their influence on likelihood of attendance at an International Food Expo using a sample of 315 students. In addition, an open-ended question solicited 10,000 words for thematic analysis to shed further insights on reactions to study tour participation during the COVID-19 crisis. The results show that accessibility, friendship norms, personal interest, social approval, and perceived travel risk significantly influenced the likelihood of Food Expo attendance. In turn, the qualitative data revealed deeper insights into issues of emotional anxiety, subjective norms and normative behavior. The study has implications for study tour organizers beyond Covid-19.

Leadership 4.0: The changing landscape of industry management in the smart digital era

This paper strives to identify the significant and unprecedented challenges in loss prevention and process safety facing industry and its senior leaders due to the social / political / economical changes and unrest of the past few years and the threats to world stability. The pandemic with its travel constraints, price hikes, and economic troubles, reinforced by changing energy markets due to the war in Ukraine is threatening global economic stability. This overall situation has introduced a dramatic step change to the conduct of operations for many manufacturers. On top of that comes the threat of climate change and the ongoing energy and digitalization adjustments that industry will have to make to improve socially responsible and to remain competitive in the face of changing expectations. These Industry 4.0 adjustments introduce a great challenge for the management of multinational companies given the greater range of expectations in its operational jurisdictions. Leadership needs to take stock, re-evaluate their business processes and engage resources not tapped in the past to establish a new foundation on which to remain competitive in the future. Within a rather turbulent world, retirement of experienced staff, the multiplicity of several generations working together with their different attitudes and life styles, posed an additional challenge: the need for skilled and motivated staff to overcome the hurdles. This paper frames these current and future challenges and provides guidance to industry leadership and management to assist in their struggle to meet demands and maintain competitive operations.

A pandemic business interruption insurance.

We analyze how pandemic business interruption coverage can be put in place by building on capitalization mechanisms and a portfolio management strategy. As evidenced with COVID-19, pandemics affect economic sectors in differentiated ways: some are very severely affected because their activity is heavily impacted by travel bans and constraints on work organization, while others are more resistant. This opens the door to risk-coverage mechanisms based on a portfolio of financial securities, including long-short positions and options in stock markets. We show that such a strategy allows insurers to offer business interruption coverage in pandemic states, while simultaneously hedging the risks associated withalternating bullish and bearish non-pandemic states. These conclusions contrast sharply with the idea of governments being the only solution to the pandemic insurability problem. They are derived from a theoretical model of corporate risk management, and their practical relevance is illustrated by numerical simulations, using data from the French stock exchange.

A qualitative study to inform adaptations to a brain health intervention for older adults with type 2 diabetes living in rural regions of Ireland.

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for late-life dementia, but dementia prevention strategies have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in people with diabetes. The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) demonstrated cognitive benefits of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention. However, given the intensive nature of FINGER, there is uncertainty about whether it can be implemented in other high-risk populations. Our aim was to explore attitudes towards dementia risk, and barriers to an intervention based on the FINGER model in older adults with type 2 diabetes living in rural areas of Ireland. Focus groups were conducted with 21 adults (11 men and 10 women) aged 60+ years with type 2 diabetes living in border regions of north and south Ireland. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. There was limited understanding of diabetes as a risk factor for late-life dementia. The main barriers to engagement with the multidomain intervention were eating foods that were not compatible with cultural norms, time and travel constraints, and perceived lack of self-efficacy and self-motivation for adopting the desired diet, exercise and computerised cognitive training (CCT) behaviours. Facilitators for intervention acceptability included the provision of culturally tailored and personalised education, support from a trusted source, and inclusion of goal setting and self-monitoring behavioural strategies. While there was high acceptability for a brain health intervention, several barriers including cultural food norms and low self-efficacy for adopting the diet, exercise and CCT components would need to be considered in the intervention design. Findings from this study will be used to inform local decisions regarding the adaptation of FINGER for people with type 2 diabetes. The feasibility of the adapted multidomain intervention will then be evaluated in a future pilot trial.

Virtual Ophthalmology Rotation for Visiting Medical Students: An Opportunity to Enhance Diversity in the Workforce.

Introduction We created a virtual rotation to facilitate the exposure of ophthalmology to medical students and serve as a pilot program to help attract students from under-represented in medicine (URM) backgrounds. In addition to the rotation eliminating the financial burdens associated with in-person away rotations, we offered a not-for-credit (i.e., drop-in) option that included sessions outside the typical clinic hours. This option reduced scheduling conflicts as a barrier to enrollment and allowed junior medical students and postgraduates to participate and hopefully further develop an interest in ophthalmology. Methods Before the rotation, participants completed a pre-test and a survey to collect data on learners' backgrounds and interest in applying for ophthalmology residency. The rotation included live lectures, case-based discussions, chart reviews, and guided self-study. Following the rotation, participants completed a post-test and a survey to query applicants on the online rotation's utility and delivery. Results Eleven learners enrolled in the course and completed the prerotation survey and test. Approximately one-third (4/11; 36%) were URM students and two-thirds (7/11; 64%) were female. All responded they were planning to apply for ophthalmology residency. All responded they strongly agreed that the rotation increased their general knowledge in ophthalmology, and 89% (9/11) strongly agreed that it improved their ability to diagnose and manage actual patients. Nearly all (7/8; 87.5%) strongly agreed the rotation provided the opportunity to seek support for the residency application process, and all found the online platform reliable and easy to access. Exam scores improved significantly from pre- to post-tests (60 vs. 79%; p < 0.01). Conclusions The rotation attracted a substantial proportion of URM students. Learners reported that the virtual rotation effectively taught and supported their endeavors to become ophthalmologists. Virtual rotations for visiting students can reduce barriers such as travel, financial costs, and time constraints that might otherwise hinder exposure to specialty training that is not offered or is underrepresented at students' home institutions. Increasing exposure and offering mentorship through this novel platform deserves further study to enhance diversity and inclusion in medicine.

Experiences and perspectives of peer support among young adults with epilepsy.

Young adulthood is a critical developmental period which having epilepsy tends to complicate, suggesting support could be useful. This study aimed to examine the experiences and perspectives of peer support among young adults with epilepsy (YAWE). An online survey was completed by 144 YAWE. Most YAWE reported not having access to peer support but perceived several potential benefits which could support their mental health including mutual understanding, fostering friendships and reducing loneliness, and promoting self-management and coping strategies. Reported barriers to accessing peer support included practical barriers such as travel and time constraints, emotional barriers (e.g., anxiety), and peers not feeling confident or skilled enough to support others. The need for epilepsy peer support groups specifically designed for young adults, university students, and individuals with co-occurring conditions such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were also recognised as well as online delivery to address some of the identified barriers. Appropriate training for facilitators and group moderation were noted as important. Overall, these preliminary findings support the acceptability of peer support among YAWE, indicating peer support could be a worthy focus of policy and care pathway development. However, future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer support for epilepsy populations.

코로나19 팬데믹 상황에서 시니어 여행제약 협상 과정 분석

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry as well as the lives of senior travelers. The pandemic imposed a new constraint on seniors who actively planned to travel after retirement, altering their leisure lifestyle. The goal of this research is to delve deeply into the travel constraints and negotiation process of senior travelers during the corona pandemic. In order to achieve the study's goal, in-depth interviews with 9 seniors were conducted and analyzed using the grounded theory method. The analysis produced a total of 51 concepts, 18 subcategories, and 9 categories. During the corona pandemic, the central phenomenon was the recognition of travel constraints, and action/interaction strategies included continuing to travel, engaging in existing leisure activities, and trying new leisure activities. Participants in the study who were restricted from traveling due to the pandemic experienced a positive shift in perception, allowing them to rediscover and appreciate their daily lives, and the path to pursue a leisure lifestyle was divided into travel regression, leisure regression, and leisure diversity. Based on this, a paradigm model was presented, and the core category'moving to a more advanced leisure life through negotiation of travel constraints during the COVID-19 period' was derived. This study is theoretically significant because it thoroughly examined the senior traveler's constraint negotiation process and presented a model for the new phenomenon of a pandemic. Furthermore, the research findings on negotiation strategy, negotiation influencing factors, and type classification have important implications for senior leisure and tourism policies and practices.

IMPACT OF COVID ON DURATION TIME OF TREATMENT IN CERVICAL CANCER

Duration Time of treatment (DTT) in cervical cancer is an essential prognostic factor. Longer treatment duration n is the most unfavorable prognostic factor for local control. [1]The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the pandemic on (DTT) in cervical cancer.Through a unicentric retrospective study carried out at the Radiotherapy department of the National Institute of Oncology, for 2 years, before and during the pandemic. Results: The number of patients followed before the pandemic was 138 and 157 during the pandemic. The average age before the pandemic was 54 and 53 during the pandemic. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 91% versus 9% adenocarcinoma. The average spread was 53 days before the pandemic, and 51 days during the pandemic. To facilitate patient care, a guesthouse has been made available to them. Moreover, a new system for programming and organizing brachytherapy was launched in July 2019, to control sprawl in these patients, and avoid its extension. Conclusion: Our study has made it possible to assess the impact of the pandemic on sprawling in our patients and the means to overcome the constraints of travel and organization for treatment within the optimal timeframe, in order to ensure a better local control.

Faktor yang Memengaruhi Niat Wisatawan Jabodetabek Kembali Ke Pulau Bali Semasa Covid-19

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of motivation, travel constraints, and destination image on Greater Jakarta tourists’ revisit intentions to Bali during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study emphasizes four variables consists of tourist motivation (X1), travel constraints (X2), destination image (Z), and revisit intention (Y). Purposive sampling collects 297 respondents who lived in Greater Jakarta and visited Bali during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses the PLS-SEM analysis technique to identify the influence between variables. The results showed that tourist motivation had a positive and significant effect on the destination image and the revisit intention. Contraryly, travel constraints had a negative and significant effect on destination image and revisit intention. With this research, tourism businesses can use the findings of this study as a reference when developing Bali tourism marketing strategies

Examining Filipinos’ intention to revisit Siargao after Super Typhoon Rai 2021 (Odette): An extension of the theory of planned behavior approach

Super Typhoon Rai devastated Siargao, Philippines, and affected human lives and the economy. The study evaluated Filipino tourists' intention to revisit Siargao after the typhoon hit the island. A total of 502 Filipino tourists answered sixty-four (64) measures derived from nine (9) constructs. Through structural equation modeling (SEM), 13 out of 14 hypotheses were found significant. The results revealed that awareness of Super Typhoon Rai's impact had a significant positive effect on perceived travel constraints and risks. Crisis management significantly and positively affected perceived travel constraints and risks. Hedonic motivation produced a significant positive effect on attitude and perceived behavioral control. Perceived travel constraints had a significant positive effect on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Meanwhile, there was an insignificant relationship between perceived travel risks and attitude. Nevertheless, perceived travel risks significantly negatively affected perceived behavioral control. Lastly, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control generated significant positive effects on the intention to revisit. The generated results aimed to benefit the government, local businesses, and residents in developing post-disaster tourism recovery plans that would boost Siargao's economy and tourism sectors. Furthermore, the presented strategies would help future tourists adapt to Siargao's post-disaster situation.

Consumer Reaction to Decelerated Tourism: Pace, Inherent Virtue, and Environmental Concern

Timeflow has been identified as an important dimension of the real-time tourism experience. Based conceptually on the consumer acceleration/deceleration approach and the theory of virtue ethics, this research and its four subsequent studies use Bayesian methods to implicitly and explicitly to investigate the following: how consumers perceive pace and value, the connection between decelerated and conventional tourism with inherent virtue or vice, the positive feelings that decelerated tourism produces, and environmental concerns’ moderating role regarding predicting future tourism consumption behavior. The findings reveal that consumption pace is the core of the consumer experience. Decelerated tourism is perceived as virtuous and activate positive feelings. Strong (vs. weak) environmental concerns are considered a travel constraint and an indication of reduced revisit behavior. This research highlights consumption pace’s theoretical contribution and relevance, and offers marketing scholars and practitioners a tool that is useful for understanding consumers’ reactions to decelerated and fast experiential consumption.

Perceptions and experiences of young Black South African women with obesity from a low socioeconomic community after following a 12-week structured exercise intervention.

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that Black South African (SA) women perceive a bigger body size to be acceptable and desirable, but nonetheless have shown interest in participating in community-based exercise programmes. This study aimed to investigate perceptions and experiences of participating in a 12-week exercise intervention designed to study the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and secretion in young Black SA women with obesity.MethodsQualitative data was collected from young (23 ± 2.9 years) Black SA women (n = 17) residing in a low-income setting in Cape Town, who took part in a 12-week structured exercise intervention. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted 1–4 months after the completion of the intervention. These were all audio recorded and took between 45 and 60 min. The recordings were transcribed, translated and qualitative content analysis, entailing a systematic process of coding and identification of salient themes, was conducted using the ATLAS.ti software.ResultsSix broad themes were identified from participants' experiences and perceptions: motivational factors, acceptability of the programme, barriers, sustainability and influencing others, benefits of being physically active, definitions and perceptions of exercise. Anticipated weight loss and financial remuneration were identified as motivational factors for enrolment and retention in the exercise programme. Aspects of the training environment and feelings of wellness appeared in the acceptability, sustainability and benefits themes, whereas time scheduling and travel constraints were regarded as barriers. Exercise was perceived as the maintenance of a healthy body, and in some cases, only relevant for specific groups.ConclusionFinancial considerations played an important role in participants enrolling and staying in the 12-week exercise intervention. Participants liked many aspects of the intervention and identified physical and mental benefits that seemingly outweighed the barriers and disliked aspects of the programme. Optimizing the acceptability of exercise programmes and maximizing the opportunity for participants to experience improved mental well-being may contribute to attracting and retaining young Black SA women in exercise programmes.

Unpacking the disinterested tourist

This paper examines the reasons why some people have limited interest in tourism,. Departing from the traditionally accepted travel constraints approach, an alternative conceptualisation of this phenomenon is offered based on travel disinterest. One-quarter of residents of Queensland, Australia has either no interest in, or has ambivalent attitudes towards travel. A total of 11 themes were identified that could be grouped into four broad thematic domains. They can be ordered along a continuum, ranging from those who lacked interest, to those who were intimidated by the prospects of travel, through to those who saw it as an enjoyable activity but still were reluctant to travel, and finally to a group who saw it as an opportunity for personal growth, but again expressed ambivalent views.

Travel decision making during and after the COVID-2019 pandemic: Revisiting travel constraints, gender role, and behavioral intentions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced the tourism and hospitality industry, and it has also reshaped people’s travel preferences and related behaviors. As a result, how prospective travelers perceive travel constraints and their effects on future travel behaviors may have changed to some extent. Besides, such perception arguably varies across gender. Therefore, this research examines the interplay between travel constraints, gender, and travel intentions for facilitating robust tourism recovery by revisiting the Leisure Constraints Model (LCM) from a gender perspective. Data were collected through a survey from 357 Malaysian prospective travelers. By conducting path analysis and multigroup analysis (MGA), it is found that structural and interpersonal constraints impose indirect effects on travel intentions (mediated by intrapersonal constraints), and gender moderating the effect of structural cost on intrapersonal constraints and effect of intrapersonal constraints on travel intentions. Based on these findings, this research provides theoretical and practical implications into how to adjust their marketing strategies and travel products during the era of “new normal” for tourism policy makers, destination marketers, and related businesses.

Covid-19 Pandemisinde Seyahat Kısıtlarının ve Algılanan Seyahat Riskinin Seyahat Niyetine Etkisi

The Covid-19 pandemic affected the whole world and had a serious impact, especially on the tourism industry beginning of 2020. Traveling in a is possible, but its risks and complications are such that it forces tourists to adapt to new conditions. This study is aimed to examine the effect of travel restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the perceived travel risks of tourists on travel intention. Within the scope of the study, data were obtained from 393 people by online survey technique. The obtained data were analyzed with the AMOS program, and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were performed within the scope of structural equation modeling. As a result of the studies, while the interpersonal constraint, one of the travel constraints, has a negative effect on the travel intention, no significant impact of the other controls (structural, intrinsic, and interest) has been detected. At the same time, it has been revealed that perceived travel risk negatively affects travel intention.

How trust in a destination's risk regulation navigates outbound travel constraints on revisit intention post-COVID-19: Segmenting insights from experienced Chinese tourists to Japan

How do tourists cope with outbound travel constraints post-COVID-19? This study explores the cognitive coping strategy of destination trust in risk regulation on abating outbound travel constraints and catalyzing revisit intention. Taking Japan as a destination, analysis of data collected from 556 experienced tourists from Mainland China uncovered four types of travel constraints: health concern constraint, structural constraint, geopolitical constraint, and disinterest. Only disinterest had a significant negative impact on revisit intention. Trust in the destination government significantly increased revisit intention and ameliorated all types of travel constraints. Trust in local residents and in the tourism industry relieved disinterest efficiently. Results of multigroup analysis revealed that compared with tourists who have visited Japan only once, tourists with two or more past visits had lower levels of outbound travel constraints, and the impact of disinterest on their revisit intention was significantly lower. They also showed higher trust in destination government and higher revisit intention. Moreover, health concern constraint was significantly reduced by trust in the tourism industry but to be significantly enhanced by trust in local residents among tourists with two or more past visits to Japan. The theoretical and practical implications for the recovery of tourism are discussed. • Only disinterest among outbound travel constraints significantly decreased revisit intention. • Trust in the government increased revisit intention and ameliorated outbound travel constraints. • Trust in local residents (TLR) and in the tourism industry (TTI) efficiently relieved disinterest. • Tourists with more past visits had lower travel constraints, higher trust in the government and revisit intention. • TLR and TTI affected on health concern constraint differently between two tourist groups.

Constrained and virtually traveling? Exploring the effect of travel constraints on intention to use virtual reality in tourism

The COVID-19 pandemic gravely affected the travel industry, with many changes in terms of customers’ attitudes and behavior. Since people had limited ability to visit far-away destinations, this paper studies the effect of travel constraints on behavioral intention to use virtual reality (VR) in tourism. The data revealed the relationship between structural and intrapersonal travel constraints and intention to use VR in tourism is mediated by the perceived ease of use and usefulness of VR. This finding implies that, in the case of a constrained environment such as a sanitary crisis, VR becomes one viable solution to deal with the situation only when coupled with good perceived usefulness and ease of use. The interpersonal travel constraints do not affect the same intention. This result might lead to a new way to increase VR adoption to explore a destination in the virtual world, namely by sharing the experience with family and friends. These findings show that any restricted environment may benefit from the use of virtual reality to compensate for the inability to travel.