Trauma Recovery Research Articles

Differences in mental health engagement and follow-up among Black and White patients after traumatic injury.

Severe injury necessitating hospitalization is experienced by nearly three million US adults annually. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression are prevalent clinical outcomes. The mechanisms by which programs equitably promote mental health recovery among trauma-exposed patients are understudied. We evaluated clinical outcomes and engagement among a cohort of Black and White patients enrolled in the Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program (TRRP), a stepped-care model to accelerate mental health recovery after traumatic injury. Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program is a four-step model that includes (1) bedside psychoeducation about mental health recovery following traumatic injury, (2) a text-messaging symptom tracking system, (3) a 30-day postinjury mental health screen, and (4) referrals to mental health services. Data describe 1,550 patients enrolled in TRRP within a Level I trauma center ( Mage = 40.86; SD, 17.32), 611 of whom identified as Black (74.5% male) and 939 of whom identified as White (67.7% male). Enrollment in TRRP was nearly universal (97.9%) regardless of race or injury mechanism. Enrollment and usage of the text-message system were statistically similar between Black (35.7%) and White patients (39.5%). Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program reengaged Black and White patients at a similar rate at the 30-day postinjury follow-up. However, Black patients were more likely to report peritraumatic distress at the bedside and clinical elevations in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression on the 30-day screen. Referrals were more likely to be accepted by Black patients relative to White patients with clinically elevated symptoms. Enrollment and engagement were comparable among Black and White patients served by TRRP. Data provide preliminary evidence to suggest that TRRP is feasible and acceptable and engages patients in mental health follow-up equitably. However, research that includes careful measurement of social determinants of health and long-term follow-up examining initiation, completion, and benefit from treatment is needed. Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.

Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Bispectral Index of EEG under Intravenous Target-Controlled Anesthesia Based on Intelligent Medical Treatment.

Laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of less trauma and quick recovery, and it is more and more favored by surgeons and patients in clinical practice. However, the impact of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the body during laparoscopic surgery has attracted the attention of many scholars. Pneumoperitoneum can cause increased cerebral blood flow and increased intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolic rate is highly correlated with blood carbon dioxide partial pressure, and cerebral metabolism without cardiopulmonary bypass is linearly correlated with the depth of anesthesia. Electroencephalographic (EEG) bispectral index (BIS) is a signal analysis method, which can directly measure the effect of drugs on the cerebral cortex and reflect the depth of anesthesia. Based on this, this study takes smart medical treatment as the background and uses the improved BP neural network as a tool to explore the effect of carbon dioxide on EEG bispectral index under intravenous target-controlled anesthesia. The main purpose is to observe the correlation between arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure and EEG bispectral index under propofol target-controlled anesthesia during retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this study can efficiently and accurately obtain the size of the influencing factors, which provides a clinical basis for the anesthesia management and anesthesia depth regulation of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery.

Post-traumatic Growth and Psychological Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serial Mediation Model.

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for managing to contain, mitigate, and limit of the COVID-19. However, it is more essential to highlight the urgency and importance of evaluating social functioning and mental health status during the pandemic. College students have experienced serious problems and have had to overcome many negative situations brought about by the pandemic. Accordingly, the present study intended to use Chinese college students as sample to examine the positive adoption and changes during the ongoing COVID-19. Guided by literatures in this filed, we explored the internal mechanism of post-traumatic growth affecting psychological resilience, and considered about mediation roles of positive coping styles and cognitive reappraisal. A total of 463 college students from universities in China effectively completed online questionnaires. The result indicated that these four variables were positively correlated with each other (ps < 0.001). More importantly, our findings proved a direct and positive effect on psychological resilience. Positive coping styles and cognitive reappraisal, respectively, mediated the relationship between post-traumatic growth and psychological resilience. Over all, the hypothesized serial model conclusively fits the data: students with high-level post-traumatic growth tended to report increased use of positive coping strategies, which further facilitated their cognitive reappraisal, and subsequently, promoted their psychological resilience. The findings obtained in this study will provide a theoretical basis and possible viable strategies for both targeted crisis intervention and psychological trauma recovery plans.

Trauma Coping Self-Efficacy Mediates Associations Between Adult Attachment and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms.

Attachment orientations reflect individuals’ expectations for interpersonal relationships and influence emotion regulation strategies and coping. Previous research has documented that anxious and avoidant attachment orientations have deleterious effects on the trauma recovery process leaving these survivors vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, avoidant attachment may be more complicated. Prior work has also found those high in avoidant attachment but also low in anxious attachment (i.e., dismissing) may not experience such vulnerabilities. Further, avoidant attachment individuals often report higher self-efficacy than their anxiously attached counterparts. The present study examined trauma coping self-efficacy (CSE-T) as a previously unexamined mechanism of action between adult attachment and PTSD symptoms. Structural equation modeling results showed that anxious attachment was associated with lower CSE-T and greater PTSD symptoms six weeks later. Further, a significant indirect effect of anxious attachment on PTSD symptoms through CSE-T was found. Contrary to hypotheses, avoidant attachment also exhibited an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through CSE-T, such that avoidant attachment was associated with lower CSE-T, which in turn, was associated with greater PTSD symptoms. Also contrary to hypotheses, the interaction between anxious and avoidant attachment was not significantly associated with either CSE-T or PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that both anxious and avoidant attachment orientations contribute to poor self-regulation following trauma, as they undermine perceptions of trauma coping self-efficacy.

A Qualitative Exploration of Strategic Trauma and Abuse Recovery: A Spiritually Integrated Treatment to Address Trauma

This article provided a brief overview of the Strategic Trauma and Abuse Recovery System (STARS), including its theoretical foundation, theory of change, and the process of the treatment model. STARS is a spiritually integrated treatment model first developed in a Christian counseling environment. We desired to learn if the clients who had completed this therapy were able to describe the process of therapy and whether those descriptions would align with the treatment model as described. Nine ( N = 9) participants who had successfully completed STARS participated in this qualitative study which reviewed the process of therapy. Our findings indicated close fidelity to the treatment model. Participants reported improvement in mental health symptoms, improvement in relationships, and improvement in spiritual well-being.

Unilateral pulmonary edema associated factors after minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.

In recent years, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has been developed and applied to a greater number of pathologies, especially in mitral valve surgeries, as it obtains results comparable to those of conventional techniques while entailing lower surgical trauma and shorter recovery time. MICS requiring one-lung ventilation has been associated to the appearance of unilateral pulmonary edema (UPE), which is a potentially serious complication. The objective is determining the incidence of UPE after mitral MICS and its development associated factors. Observational descriptive and single-center study analyzing data from patients undergoing mitral valve MICS (right mini-thoracotomy) consecutively collected between the years 2015 and 2017. A total of 93 patients were included and 26 presented UPE. The most common complications after mitral valve MICS were atrial fibrillation (38.7%), UPE (28%) and transient and/or definitive second- or third-degree auriculoventricular block (19.4%). The UPE group had longer ICU stay (3.3 ± 8.0 vs. 1.84 ± 2.23 days) and longer total hospitalization length-of-stay (15.5 ± 34.7 vs. 10.6 ± 7.5 days). The mortality in the UPE group was 3.9%. A significant association was found between the following collected variables and the development of postoperative UPE: preoperative baseline pulse oximetry, preoperative use of ACE inhibitors, postoperative atrial fibrillation and 24 first-hours cumulative chest tube drainage volume on the first 24 h. The incidence of UPE is high and its appearance is associated with a longer ICU and total length of stay. More studies are required to understand its pathophysiology and apply measures to help decreasing its appearance.

Pemulihan Trauma Pasca Bencana pada Tokoh Anak dalam Buku Cerita Bergambar (E Hon)

This study aimed to know the form of trauma recovery for child survivors after the 2011 T?hoku Tsunami, in the picture book (e hon) entitled Minna de Utau be! by Mari Mitsuoka. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Theories used in this research are Sigmund Freud's theory of Literature Psychology and Resilience theory by Masten (2014). The analysis results showed that child characters in e hon are described as having characteristics of mild trauma that can recover quickly through appropriate trauma recovery support. Those types of recovery support were affected by protective factors that interconnect and complement each other, such as the characteristics of child survivors, family support, and psychological support activities in the school and community environment. The effectiveness of appropriate recovery aid enhances children's resilience in the trauma recovery process, so they can recover and thrive after experiencing a natural disaster.

Clinical effect of laparoscopic partial splenectomy for both benign tumours and trauma-10 years of experience at a single institution.

This retrospective study aimed to present our surgical experience in patients with benign tumour or trauma in spleen who underwent laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) and to compare the results with those of patients who underwent an open partial splenectomy (OPS). We analysed the medical data of patients who underwent LPS or OPS between January 2010 and January 2020. In total, 41 patients were enrolled. Nine patients underwent open surgery, 32 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The proportion of patients with tumours in the upper pole in LPS group was more than patients in OPS group. No difference was observed in estimated blood loss, allogeneic transfusion, postoperative stay, pathology and complications between LPS and OPS groups. The operation time in the LPS group (137.5 ± 30.8min) was longer than that in the OPS group (88.3 ± 30.1min) for patients with splenic traumatic rupture (P=0.019). LPS is an effective and safe spleen-preserving surgery as OPS. The advantages are small trauma, light pain and quick recovery. It is suitable for patients with benign tumours or trauma confined to one side of the spleen.

Candidate mechanisms of action of mindfulness-based trauma recovery for refugees (MBTR-R): Self-compassion and self-criticism.

Mindfulness- and compassion-based interventions may represent a promising intervention approach to the global mental health crisis of forced displacement. Specifically, Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R)-a mindfulness- and compassion-based, trauma-sensitive, and socioculturally adapted intervention for refugees and asylum-seekers-has recently demonstrated randomized control evidence of therapeutic efficacy and safety. Yet, little is known about potential mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects for trauma recovery and for refugees and asylum-seekers. Thus, we examined adaptive and maladaptive forms of self-referentiality, namely self-compassion and self-criticism, as mechanisms of action for trauma recovery in a randomized wait-list control trial of MBTR-R among a community sample of 158 traumatized and chronically stressed asylum-seekers (46% female) in an urban postdisplacement setting (Middle East). Self-compassion and self-criticism were measured vis-à-vis an experimental Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) designed to quantify cognitive processes underlying self-compassion and self-criticism using diffusion modeling, a computational modeling approach to quantify cognitive processes underlying decision-making from behavioral reaction time data. Findings indicate that self-compassion and self-criticism were associated with trauma- and stress-related psychopathology at preintervention. Relative to wait-list controls, MBTR-R led to significant elevation in self-compassion, and reduction in self-criticism, from pre to postintervention. Finally, pre to postintervention change in self-criticism significantly mediated therapeutic effects of MBTR-R on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes, while pre to postintervention change in self-compassion only mediated therapeutic effects on PTSD outcomes. Findings speak to the importance of (mal)adaptive self-referentiality as a target mechanism in MBIs and trauma recovery broadly, and among refugees and asylum-seekers specifically. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Prolonged air leak following video-assisted thoracoscopic major lung resection: newer avenues to manage an age-old problem.

Over the period of a decade or so, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has established itself as a modality of choice not only for the early-stage lung cancers, but also for the primary pulmonary and mediastinal diseases. But prolonged air leak is a well-known morbidity of lung resection surgery, and thoracoscopic technique is no exception. Primary indication of any minimally invasive surgery is lesser trauma and eventual early post-operative recovery. The prolonged air leak compromises in attaining those goals and often becomes a reason of delayed discharge from the hospital. This review reflects on this relevant problem of air leak and its management in brief.

Effectiveness of a high-intensive trauma-focused, family-based therapy for youth exposed to family violence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFamily violence is a common problem with direct adverse effects on children as well as indirect effects through disruption of parenting and parent-child relationships. The complex interrelationships between family violence, parenting, and relationships make recovery from psychological responses difficult. In more than half of the families referred to mental health care after family violence, the violence continues. Also, the effect sizes of “golden standard” treatments are generally lower for complex trauma compared to other forms of trauma. In the treatment of complex trauma, trauma-focused therapies including cognitive restructuring and imaginal exposure are most effective, and intensifying therapy results in faster symptom reduction. Furthermore, there is promising evidence that adding a parental component to individual trauma treatment increases treatment success. In family-based intensive trauma treatment (FITT), these factors are addressed on an individual and family level in a short period of time to establish long-term effects on the reduction of trauma symptoms and recovery of security in the family. This randomized controlled multicentre study tests if FITT is an effective treatment for concurrent reduction of trauma symptoms of children, improvement of parenting functioning, and increasing emotional and physical security in children, through the improvement of parent-child relationships.MethodsThe effectiveness of FITT will be tested by a RCT design. A total of 120 adolescents with a history of family violence and PTS symptoms will be randomized to (a) an intensive trauma treatment with a parent and systemic component (FITT), (b) an intensive trauma treatment without these components (ITT), and (c) treatment as usual (TAU, low-frequency trauma treatment with parent therapy and family sessions). Changes in children’s trauma symptoms, child and parent functioning, and emotional and physical security in the family will be monitored before, during, after, and at 3 months follow-up.DiscussionComparing these interventions with and without a high intensive frequency and parenting and family components can help to understand if and how these interventions work and can contribute to the ambition to recover from the impact of family violence and restore emotional and physical security for children and young people.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register Trial NL8592. Registered on 4 May 2020

Exploring help-seeking experiences of Chinese immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence in the U.S.

Immigrant women are vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), and differences in immigration history, language, and culture impact their trauma responses. Although Chinese are the largest Asian immigrant subgroup in the U.S., little IPV research has specifically focused on this population. Therefore, we aimed to gain a better understanding of help-seeking experiences of Chinese immigrant women who had IPV. Twenty female Chinese immigrant survivors of recent IPV completed a Mandarin-language qualitative phone interview about their IPV experiences, help-seeking behaviors, and barriers to services. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analyses. Women in our sample relied on family, friends, and self-help strategies to cope with IPV. They experienced feelings of shame, stigma, and "losing face," and had little social support. They also faced significant sociocultural and immigration-specific problems with formal services (e.g., culturally incongruent therapists, language, financial and transportation barriers, concerns about partner's reputation and legal status), lacked knowledge about available services, and rarely engaged with them. Abused Chinese immigrant women may be exceptionally isolated, and culturally specific barriers may substantially impact both their understanding of their IPV experiences and their use of services. Practitioners need training and support to engage survivors in culturally competent ways. While safety planning and other formal IPV services are critical to safety and trauma recovery, these survivors underutilize them, and community outreach is needed to U.S. Chinese communities to raise awareness regarding available IPV resources and services. Finally, research is needed to develop and test culturally competent, evidence-based interventions for this isolated and vulnerable population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Discourse Study of War, Memory and Trauma Recovery as Narrated in Select Novels of Aminatta Forna

Discourse Study of War, Memory and Trauma Recovery as Narrated in Select Novels of Aminatta Forna

Prevalence and prevention of suicidal ideation among asylum seekers in a high-risk urban post-displacement setting.

Among asylum seekers in a high-risk unstable post-displacement context, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk for suicidal ideation (study 1), and then to test whether and how Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R) may prevent or treat suicidal ideation (study 2). Study 1 was conducted among a community sample of N = 355 (31.8% female) East African asylum seekers in a high-risk urban post-displacement setting in the Middle East (Israel). Study 2 was a secondary analysis of a randomised waitlist-control trial of MBTR-R among 158 asylum-seekers (46.2% female) from the same community and post-displacement setting. Prevalence of suicidal ideation was elevated (31%). Post-migration living difficulties, as well as posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety and their multi-morbidity were strongly associated with suicidal ideation severity. Likewise, depression and multi-morbidity prospectively predicted the onset of suicidal ideation. Relative to its incidence among waitlist-control (23.1%), MBTR-R prevented the onset of suicidal ideation at post-intervention assessment (15.6%) and 5-week follow-up (9.8%). Preventive effects of MBTR-R on suicidal ideation were mediated by reduced posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety and their multi-morbidity. MBTR-R did not therapeutically reduce current suicidal ideation present at the beginning of the intervention. Findings warn of a public health crisis of suicidality among forcibly displaced people in high-risk post-displacement settings. Although preliminary, novel randomised waitlist-control evidence for preventive effects of MBTR-R for suicidal ideation is promising. Together, findings indicate the need for scientific, applied and policy attention to mental health post-displacement in order to prevent suicide among forcibly displaced people.

Efficacy of a Community-Based Trauma Recovery Program after a Fire Disaster

As industries develop, fire disasters and their associated damage are increasing. Investigating the mental health of victims is imperative because this is an essential issue for community recovery after a disaster. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a program implemented by a community mental health center based on the investigation of the victims’ depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) levels immediately after the disaster and at one-year follow-up. As a result, victims’ depression and PTSD recovered over time, and more changes were confirmed. In particular, the high-risk group for PTSD showed a high program participation rate, and there was significant recovery over time compared with the group without PTSD. Based on these results, community mental health programs are an effective way to increase community mental health after disasters. In the future, community-based recovery programs after disasters should be expanded, and administrative support for them should be developed.

Detection of abnormal human behavior using deep learning

The complete human body or the various limb postures are involved in human action. These days,Abnormal Human Activity Recognition (Abnormal HAR) is highly well noticed and surveyed in manystudies. However, because of complicated difficulties such as sensor movement, positioning, and so on,as well as how individuals carry out their activities, it continues to be a difficult process. Identifyingparticular activities benefits human-centric applications such as postoperative trauma recovery, gesturedetection, exercise, fitness, and home care help. The HAR system has the ability to automate orsimplify most of the people’s everyday chores. HAR systems often use supervised or unsupervisedlearning as their foundation. Unsupervised systems operate according to a set of rules, whereassupervised systems need to be trained beforehand using specific datasets. This study conducts detailedliterature reviews on the development of various activity identification techniques currently being used.The three methods—wearable device-based, pose-based, and smartphone sensor—are examined in thisinquiry for identifying abnormal acts (AAD). The sensors in wearable devices collect data, whereas thegyroscopes and accelerometers in smartphones provide input to the sensors in wearable devices. Tocategorize activities, pose estimation uses a neural network. The Anomalous Action Detection Dataset(Ano-AAD) is created and improved using several methods. The study examines fresh datasets andinnovative models, including UCF-Crime. A new pattern in anomalous HAR systems has emerged,linking anomalous HAR tasks to computer vision applications including security, video surveillance,and home monitoring. In terms of issues and potential solutions, the survey looks at vision-based HAR.

Mindfulness Intervention on Adolescents’ Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused adults suffer from mental disorders, it would be an essential for psychologist to help individuals overcome mental disorders. Objective: This study aim to explore whether the intervention of mindfulness is an efficient method to enhance adolescents’ emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological capital (PC) to provide a theoretical basis and future directions for both targeted crisis intervention and psychological trauma recovery plans. Design: This research was designed as randomized controlled trial and total of 798 students were evaluated statistically. Methods: We used paired-sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA to compare every factor defined above by time and group. Then, we used Mplus to build LGCM to examine the trajectory of changes in EI and PC in the experimental group. Results and Conclusions: (1) The EI and PC scores had significantly different time points in the experimental group but not in the control group. (2) EI and PC tended to increase with intervention, and there were significant individual differences in the initial level and development speed. (3) Individuals’ EI could promote the growth of PC. This research indicated that mindfulness should be given increasing consideration to enhance mental health during the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19.

Supplemental Material for Candidate Mechanisms of Action of Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R): Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism

Supplemental Material for Candidate Mechanisms of Action of Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R): Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Piloting a Group Therapy Program Using Psychoeducation, Music Therapy, and the Creative Arts for Adults with Complex Concurrent Disorders in an Inpatient Setting

Research shows a significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later adult mental health and addiction issues. There is currently no literature on therapeutic interventions to begin to redress their complex issues. Mental health, psychiatric, and addiction treatment centers often avoid tackling the manifold roots of dysfunction in clients' lives. We present the implementation of group therapy for clients with significant ACE histories, inspired by an initial in-service for clients on the subject of ACEs in mental health and addictions. Establishing group therapy for a broad spectrum of adverse childhood events proved to be an ambitious yet rewarding task. We discuss developing a comprehensive curriculum with a psychoeducational focus, a trauma-informed lens to support symptom management and resilience, and expressive elements by incorporating music therapy and the creative arts because of emerging evidence of the need for trauma recovery to engage in expressive and embodied outlets. Group observations and anecdotal evidence from clients' evaluations of the group support the urgent need for moving from research findings on ACEs to the implementation of group therapy.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of legal protection for child victims of sexual violence in Singaraja City and the efforts of law enforcement officials in reducing the number of sexual violence in Singaraja City. This study used an empirical legal research approach with a descriptive type. Sources of data were obtained from primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Determining the sample uses a non-probability sampling technique called purposive sampling. The data is processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results study indicated that the implementation of legal protection for child victims of sexual violence in Singaraja City had not run optimally. Some several facilities and services had not been fulfilled. The Buleleng Police took preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures to reduce the number of sexual violence in Singaraja City. The Social Service of Buleleng Regency assisted in assistance, trauma recovery, and counseling services for children who were victims of social violence.