Trapping Area Research Articles

Proactive Anti-Eavesdropping With Trap Deployment in Wireless Networks

Due to the open nature of the wireless medium, wireless communications are especially vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks. This article designs a new wireless communication system to deal with eavesdropping attacks. The proposed system can enable a legitimate receiver to get desired messages and meanwhile an eavesdropper to hear “fake” but meaningful messages by combining confidentiality and deception, thereby confusing the eavesdropper and achieving additional concealment that further protects exchanged messages. Towards this goal, we propose techniques that can conceal exchanged messages by utilizing wireless channel characteristics between the transmitter and the receiver, as well as techniques that can attract an eavesdropper to gradually approach a trap region, where the eavesdropper can get fake messages. We also provide both theoretical and empirical analysis of the established secure channel between the transmitter and the receiver. We develop a prototype system using Universal Software Defined Radio Peripherals (USRPs). Experimental results show that an eavesdropper at a trap location can receive fake information with a bit error rate (BER) close to 0, and the transmitter with multiple antennas can successfully deploy a trap area.

Flexible Polymer-Based Nanodielectrics Reinforced with Electrospun Composite Nanofibers for Capacitive Energy Storage

Nanocomposite materials based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reinforced by electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers and barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles were fabricated and tested as dielectric materials for capacitive energy storage applications. Two types of BTO nanoparticles were examined, prior and after ball milling, to investigate the effect of interfacial area and size on the dielectric properties. The morphology of the produced PVDF nanofibers was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to ensure the optimum electrospinning conditions and verify the incorporation of BTO nanoparticles. The composite systems were analyzed by dielectric spectroscopy, and three dielectric processes were revealed: the dynamic glass-to-rubber transition processes of PDMS and PVDF and an interfacial polarization process. It was observed that the dynamic glass-to-rubber transition process of the PVDF nanofibers strongly depends on the size of the BTO nanoparticles that introduce confinement effects and affect thus the temperature dependence of the relaxation. In addition, as verified by ac conductivity, ball milling reduced the conduction of the nanocomposites by 80%, indicating the increase of the charge carrier trapping area around the BTO nanoparticles. Finally, the developed nanocomposites were tested as dielectric materials for capacitor applications at room temperature conducting charge/discharge measurements under the influence of a dc electric field, and their discharge performance and efficiency were examined at various dc voltages (50–300 V) and cycle life. Here, experimental evidence regarding the importance of interfacial area on the energy storage performance in nanodielectrics is presented that will aid the development of more efficient energy materials.

Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Charge Plasma Based Dual Pocket Biosensor using SiGe-Heterojunction TFET Design

Conventional biosensor designs are often vulnerable to issues like random dopant fluctuations (RDFs) and high thermal budgets due to their design and the device they are based on. The main reason behind such issues is the complexity of maintaining uniform doping levels throughout the device structure. This manuscript investigates a biosensor structure utilizing a dual pocket junctionless SiGe-Heterostructured TFET design to overcome such shortcomings. The implementation of the doping charge plasma technique with the uniform doping of mathrm {1}times mathrm {10}^{mathrm {15}} {cm}^{mathrm {-3}} along an integrated SiGe-Heterostructure layer has improved the tunneling process while also effectively eliminating issues like random dopant fluctuations (RDF). Again the overall performance also depends on the sensitivity of the sensor design. Increasing the trapping area for biomolecules at the same technological node by increasing the pocket length or by adding a pocket region leads to rapid changes in the sensor’s electric properties owing to shifting dielectric constants (k) and charge densities (in both positive and negative situations), improving in the overall detection process. The influence of these parameters on the device’s Drain current, Surface Potential, Electron Tunneling Rate (ETR), Subthreshold Swing (SS), and Ion/Ioff ratio is also explored. The introduction of the added pocket region gives us scalability while also showing a higher sensitivity of mathrm {5.38} times mathrm {10}^{mathrm {9}} for a dielectric constant being 12 and neutrally charged while rising to nearly mathrm {1.43} times mathrm {10}^{mathrm {10}} if the molecules are positively charged. With the improvement in drain current sensitivity due to the additional pocket and junctionless design, this work will undoubtedly give researchers a roadmap for the future generation of highly sensitive biosensor alternatives.

Intelligent Vector Field Histogram based collision avoidance method for AUV

Intelligent Vector Field Histogram (IVFH) is proposed to accomplish the collision avoidance of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in underwater three-dimensional dynamic space. The directed cuboid static obstacle environment model is introduced to improve the efficiency of collision avoidance decision-making. The candidate direction set is composed of relative heading and relative pitch. According to the obstacle distribution of local environment, the traveling fitness of each candidate direction is calculated from the perspectives of safety and rapidity, so as to realize the collision avoidance of AUV in three-dimensional dynamic environment. IVFH method can adaptively adjust the parameters that affect the collision avoidance action amplitude according to the obstacle distance and size. The collision avoidance velocity is adjusted by fuzzy logic according to the environment conditions, so as to ensure that AUV can fully perceive the environment and then complete the collision avoidance decision-making. The simulation results show that IVFH method can overcome the threshold sensitivity of traditional VFH method, escape from the trap area, and realize collision avoidance in three-dimensional dynamic complex obstacle environment. The proposed IVFH collision avoidance method has been verified by simulations, as well as lake and sea experiments, demonstrating its effectiveness and practicability.

Bubble-growth regime for confined foams: Comparison between N2–CO2/foam and CO2/foam stabilized by silica nanoparticles

The use of foam technology in Pre-Salt reservoirs is a potential solution to control gas mobility in highly heterogeneous reservoirs. However, achieving stable CO2-foams under reservoir conditions can be challenging since high solubility in water of supercritical CO2 enhances coarsening and coalescence of bubbles. Coarsening is the evolution of foam structure with time due to gas diffusion between bubbles. In this phenomenon, gas normally diffuses from smaller to larger bubbles, which for confined foam is relevant because this ends up decreasing the number of bubbles in a determined area/volume of the pore space (foam texture). When foam texture coarsens, gas mobility control is impaired, and it can also affect foam rheology. Therefore, it is important to characterize bubble growth kinetics to compare strategies to reduce coarsening and investigate their impact on gas mobility reduction due to foam injection. In a previous work, we reported the use of nanoparticles and a CO2/N2 gas mixture as strategies for improving gas mobility of CO2-foams formed with a zwitterionic surfactant in a micromodel experiment. The present study focuses on quantitatively assessing the bubble growth regime related to coarsening for these two strategies. Indeed, bubble growth is a key parameter for population balance mathematical models that simulate CO2-foams in porous media. Image analysis was used to characterize the foam texture by calculating the bubble density and bubble size distribution of the foam confined in dead-end pores areas of the micromodel. Our results showed that, the number of trapped bubbles was twice as high for the foam formed with the gas mixture compared to those containing nanoparticles, and this higher bubble density was correlated with the higher pressure drop observed for this system, indicating lower gas mobility. The coarsening rates obtained by analyzing the change in trapped bubble area with time of CO2-foam containing nanoparticles (0.25 μm2 s−1) was in the same order of magnitude compared to that obtained by a CO2/N2 gas mixture-foam (0.44 μm2 s−1), under the same high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. These results meant that both strategies were able to stabilize the weak foam formed between zwitterionic surfactant and CO2, and that the initial foam texture determined resistance to flow. The semi-automatic algorithm successfully identified the bubbles trapped within the system during the period of analysis, which allowed us not to add dyes that could change interfacial behavior at the water-gas interface. The novel results that evaluate the coarsening rate for CO2-foam under HPHT conditions can positively impact the estimation of foam destruction parameters for population balance models for more representative reservoir conditions of trapped gas. Our findings fill part of the gap in terms of evaluation of coarsening rate under more representative reservoir conditions, improving the understanding of kinetics of foam destruction. This information is relevant for establishing a correct range of the destruction term for populational balance models. Moreover, our results reveal that the type of strategy chosen to delay coarsening can significantly impact gas mobility reduction and that using nanoparticles impacted significantly interfacial properties of the formed foam.

Determination of the Stray Light-Induced Noise from the Baffle in the Cryogenic Trapping Area of Advanced Virgo in O5

As part of the Advanced Virgo upgrade for the O5 observation run in 2026, a more powerful laser and larger end mirrors in the Fabry–Perot cavities will be installed. The new optical configuration will increase the laser beam waist in the cryogenic trapping area close to the end towers. This could require enlarging the apertures in the vacuum pipe, now dictated by the presence of a baffle, in order to avoid beam clipping and noise due to coupling with baffle vibrations, potentially leading to a significant background to the gravitational-wave signals. This is a delicate operation that would require displacing the cryotrap and the end tower. In this study, we compute the expected back-scattering from the existing cryogenic trap baffle and compare it to the expected Virgo sensitivity in O5 to determine whether the existing hardware configuration constitutes a threat for the future performance of the detector.

Non-paraxial transformation of finite Airy Gaussian beam array in isotropic space

Based on vector Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integration, we investigate the non-paraxial transmission behavior of the finite Airy Gaussian beam array (FAGBA) in isotropic space. The intensity distribution of the x- component and longitudinal component of the FAGBA at different cross section of the free space are described numerically, respectively. The influences of truncation factor, distribution parameter, wavelength, beam waist radius and refractive index on the FAGBA evolution at several observation planes as well as its side transmission view in isotropic space are also discussed. Through the obtained analytical formulae and conclusions, the beam array transmission locus can be controlled more precisely in non-paraxial situation by altering these parameters to meet the practical usage, especially in area of optical trapping and optical tweezers.

Assessing small-mammal trapping design using spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) modeling on long-term monitoring data.

Few studies have evaluated the optimal sampling design for tracking small mammal population trends, especially for rare or difficult to detect species. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models present an advancement over non-spatial models by accounting for individual movement when estimating density. The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM; Reithrodontomys raviventris) is a federal and California state listed endangered species endemic to the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary, California, USA; where a population in a subembayment has been continually monitored over an 18-year period using mark-recapture methods. We analyzed capture data within a SECR modeling framework that allowed us to account for differences in detection and movement between sexes. We compared the full dataset to subsampling scenarios to evaluate how the grid size (area) of the trap design, trap density (spacing), and number of consecutive trapping occasions (duration) influenced density estimates. To validate the subsampling methods, we ran Monte Carlo simulations based on the true parameter estimates for each specific year. We found that reducing the area of the trapping design by more than 36% resulted in the inability of the SECR model to replicate density estimates within the SE of the original density estimates. However, when trapping occasions were reduced from 4 to 3-nights the density estimates were indistinguishable from the full dataset. Furthermore, reducing trap density by 50% also resulted in density estimates comparable to the full dataset and was a substantially better model than reducing the trap area by 50%. Overall, our results indicated that moderate reductions in the number of trapping occasions or trap density could yield similar density estimates when using a SECR approach. This approach allows the optimization of field trapping efforts and designs by reducing field efforts while maintaining the same population estimate compared to the full dataset. Using a SECR approach may help other wildlife programs identify sampling efficiencies without sacrificing data integrity for long term monitoring of population densities.

Sensitivity enhancement of microelectromechanical sensors using femtosecond laser for biological and chemical applications

Rapid, selective, and highly sensitive microelectromechanical sensors are a promising technology for biosensing, medical recognition, and the detection of chemical hazards. At the same time, the surfaces of silicon microcantilevers cannot bond with thiols and cannot be functionalized without a bonding layer, such as gold. Therefore, in past literature, the surfaces of silicon microcantilevers have been coated with gold to facilitate their bonding with the thiol functional groups on the probe layers. However, gold coating produces thermal noise in the results owing to the metallic effect. Accordingly, this study aimed to modify the surface of silicon microcantilevers by patterning it using femtosecond laser (FSL) micromachining so that it could bond with the thiol functional groups with high sensitivity. The surface patterning of silicon microcantilevers enhances their physical, micromechanical, and chemical properties, increasing sensitivity by increasing the quality factor, specific surface area, and creating trapping areas on the microcantilever surfaces. The surfaces of the silicon microcantilever were patterned by microgrooves aligned from the free end to the bounded end, with each microgroove comprising submicrogrooves. To demonstrate their use in a biosensing applications, the modified microcantilevers were functionalized to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; COVID‐19) by immobilizing thiolated oligonucleotides on the surfaces, which worked as the probe layer. The modified biosensor was used to detect low concentrations of SSDNA sequence targets ranging from 300 nM down to 100 pM. The modified silicon‐microcantilever sensors were directly functionalized without a joining layer, such as a gold layer. The results revealed a selective response to SARS‐CoV‐2 SSDNA down to a 9‐nM concentration. To detect hazardous chemicals, the modified microcantilever was functionalized using reduced L‐cysteine to detect Pb2+ at low concentrations down to 100 pM. The results revealed enhanced sensitivity and selectivity and demonstrated that the FSL patterning activated the microcantilevers to bond with probe layers through the interaction of the silanol created on the surface with the functional groups, such as the thiols, on the probe layers. The microcantilevers patterned with 10 microgrooves exhibited higher responses than those patterned with seven microgrooves.

Examining Gongylonema Neoplasticum From Rats in Tabriz City (Northwest of Iran): A Case Report

Aims Different species of gongylonema are common parasites of rats that can be accidentally transmitted to humans and cause disease. This study aims to identify and investigate the morphology of Gongylonema neoplasticum and its zoonotic significance in Tabriz rats. Methods & Materials In this study, 100 rats (29 Rattus rattus and 71 Rattus norvegicus) were caught from different parts of Tabriz City in northwestern Iran using live traps. In the study areas, edible beetles are abundant and in almost all trapping areas local people complained about the presence of beetles. These beetles host the mediator of gongylonema parasites and easily infect animals, such as mice, rabbits, cats, cattle, and accidentally humans. Findings In this study, the esophagus and stomach of rats were carefully examined for infection with gongylonema and only one of the following species was isolated from them, Gongylonema neoplasticum. Conclusion Due to the high abundance of beetles, high levels of Gongylonema neoplasticum were not reported, which can be considered in terms of human infections. More parasitological studies should be done in different geographical regions of Iran and other countries.

Prediction of the Impact of Meteorological Conditions on Air Quality during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics

The issue of air pollution has attracted more and more attention. Understanding how to predict air quality based on weather conditions has strong practical significance. For the first time, this paper combines weather circulation with climate prediction models to explore long-term air quality predictions. Using the T-mode (time realizations in columns) objective circulation classification method, we classified the weather circulation affecting Beijing, China, according to nine categories of predominant weather conditions. PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO concentration distributions for these nine circulation patterns were also determined. When the Beijing area was controlled by northwestern low pressure, a high-pressure rear, or a weak pressure field, the PM2.5 concentrations were higher, while high-pressure systems and a high-pressure rear were mostly associated with relatively high NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations. The concentrations of these pollutants under high-pressure fronts and northwestern high-pressure settings were low. Using the FLEXPART-WRF model to simulate the 48 h backward trajectory of the highest PM2.5 concentration under the nine circulation patterns from 2015 to 2021, we obtained the trap time of pollutants per unit concentration (imprint analysis) and determined the particle trap area under each circulation pattern. When using the EC-Earth climate prediction model, the daily circulation field during the Beijing Winter Olympics was forecasted, and the nine circulation patterns were compared. The corresponding circulation pattern in Beijing during the 2022 Winter Olympics should be conducive to the diffusion of pollutants and, therefore, the air quality is expected to be good.

First Indications of Omsk Haemorrhagic Fever Virus beyond Russia.

Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) is the agent leading to Omsk haemorrhagic fever (OHF), a viral disease currently only known in Western Siberia in Russia. The symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, muscle pain, cough and haemorrhages. The transmission cycle of OHFV is complex. Tick bites or contact with infected small mammals are the main source of infection. The Republic of Kazakhstan is adjacent to the endemic areas of OHFV in Russia and febrile diseases with haemorrhages occur throughout the country—often with unclear aetiology. In this study, we examined human cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with suspected meningitis or meningoencephalitis with unknown origins for the presence of OHFV RNA. Further, reservoir hosts such as rodents and ticks from four Kazakhstan regions were screened for OHFV RNA to clarify if this virus could be the causative agent for many undiagnosed cases of febrile diseases in humans in Kazakhstan. Out of 130 cerebrospinal fluid samples, two patients (1.53%) originating from Almaty city were positive for OHFV RNA. Screening of tick samples revealed positive pools from different areas in the Akmola region. Of the caught rodents, 1.1% out of 621 were positive for OHFV at four trapping areas from the West Kazakhstan region. In this paper, we present a broad investigation of the spread of OHFV in Kazakhstan in human cerebrospinal fluid samples, rodents and ticks. Our study shows for the first time that OHFV can not only be found in the area of Western Siberia in Russia, but can also be detected up to 1.600 km away in the Almaty region in patients and natural foci.

Coriolis coupling in a Hénon–Heiles system

We study the impact of a Coriolis term in the dynamics of a perturbed Hénon–Heiles Hamiltonian. The strength of the Coriolis coupling is measured by a frequency ω that regulates two different regimes. If (in scaled units) ω1, the minimum becomes a dynamically stable maximum, and there appears an open region of stable motion around that maximum. We restrict our study to ω∈[0,1) because we find richer dynamics in that interval. Poincaré surfaces of section are used to show how the strength of the Coriolis coupling controls the size of the trapping area. While, for ω=0, most of the orbits escape, for ω≈1 most of the orbits remain trapped. The transition from one situation to the other one reveals complex resonant structures giving rise to a chaotic sticky region of long living orbits. The study of the escape basins reveals that they evolve from a complex structure, with fractal boundaries, to basins with smooth boundaries. Explicit computation of the evolution of the basin entropy confirms this fact. The escape probability as a function of ω is also calculated. Both the evolution of the escape probability and the entropy are not monotonic and exhibit intricate and complex dynamics for intermediate values of ω.

Selective Growth of Energy-Band-Controllable In1−xGaxAsyP1−y Submicron Wires in V-Shaped Trench on Si

The In1−xGaxAsyP1−y submicron wires with adjustable wavelengths directly grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on a V-groove-patterned Si (001) substrate are reported in this paper. To ensure the material quality, aspect ratio trapping and selective area growth methods are used. By changing the parameters in the epitaxy process, we realize the adjustment of the material energy band of In1−xGaxAsyP1−y submicron wires. By further optimizing the growth conditions, we realize high-quality submicron wires. The morphology of the submicron wires is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Through high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurement, it is disclosed that the lattice of the optimized In1−xGaxAsyP1−y part matches that of InP. A PL spectrum test shows that the PL spectrum peak is from 1260 nm to 1340 nm. The In1−xGaxAsyP1−y can be used as a well material or barrier material in a quantum well, which would promote the development of silicon-based lasers.

Multifunctional Virus Manipulation with Large‐Scale Arrays of All‐Dielectric Resonant Nanocavities

AbstractSpatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.

Creep effects on the Campbell response in type-II superconductors

Applying the strong pinning formalism to the mixed state of a type II superconductor, we study the effect of thermal fluctuations (or creep) on the penetration of an ac magnetic field as quantified by the so-called Campbell length $\lambda_\textrm{C}$. Within strong pinning theory, vortices get pinned by individual defects, with the jumps in the pinning energy ($\Delta e_\mathrm{pin}$) and force ($\Delta f_\mathrm{pin}$) between bistable pinned and free states quantifying the pinning process. We find that the evolution of the Campbell length $\lambda_{\rm C}(t)$ as a function of time $t$ is the result of two competing effects, the change in the force jumps $\Delta f_\mathrm{pin}(t)$ and a change in the trapping area $S_\mathrm{trap}(t)$ of vortices; the latter describes the area around the defect where a nearby vortex gets and remains trapped. Contrary to naive expectation, we find that during the decay of the critical state in a zero-field cooled (ZFC) experiment, the Campbell length $\lambda_{\rm C}(t)$ is usually nonmonotonic, first decreasing with time $t$ and then increasing for long waiting times. Field cooled (FC) experiments exhibit hysteretic effects in $\lambda_\textrm{C}$; relaxation then turns out to be predominantly monotonic, but its magnitude and direction depends on the specific phase of the cooling--heating cycle. Furthermore, when approaching equilibrium, the Campbell length relaxes to a finite value, different from the persistent current which vanishes at long waiting times $t$, e.g., above the irreversibility line. Finally, measuring the Campbell length $\lambda_\textrm{C}(t)$ for different states, zero-field cooled, field cooled, and relaxed, as a function of different waiting times $t$ and temperatures $T,$ allows to spectroscopyse the pinning potential of the defects.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among small mammals in Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment. Mass mortality in wild animals and deaths in rare endemic species make the study of this parasite of growing importance. In this study, T. gondii infection prevalence was evaluated in brain tissues from 474 small mammals captured at 26 trapping points in urban and rural areas of Tatarstan, Russian Federation. Nested PCR was used to detect the T. gondii B1 gene in the samples. Overall, 40/474 samples (8.44%) showed B1 gene positivity. T. gondii infection among the wild small mammals trapped in the rural area was significantly higher as a whole than that of the urban area as a whole. Multivariate logistical regression analysis also showed that the trapping area (rural or urban) significantly contributed to T. gondii positivity. Vegetation in the trapping points, small mammal species, sex, age or distance from the trapping points to the nearest human settlements did not significantly affect T. gondii positivity in the sampled small mammals.

Numerical Simulation via CFD Methods of Nitrogen Flooding in Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs

A reservoir-scale numerical conceptual model was established according to the actual geological characteristics of a carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir. Considering the difference in density and viscosity of fluids under reservoir conditions, CFD (computational fluid dynamic) porous medium model was applied to simulate the process of nitrogen displacement in a fractured-vuggy reservoir after water flooding. The effects of gas injection rate, injection mode, and injector–producer location relation were studied. The results show that nitrogen flooding can yield additional oil recovery of 7–15% after water flooding. Low-speed nitrogen injection is beneficial in obtaining higher oil recovery. High speed injection can expand the sweep area, but gas channeling occurs more easily. In gas–water mixed injection mode, there is fluid disturbance in the reservoir. The gas channeling is faster in low injector–high producer mode, while the high injector–low producer mode is beneficial for increasing the gas sweep range. Nevertheless, the increment of recovery is closely related to well pattern. After nitrogen flooding, there are still a lot of remaining oil distributed in the trap area of gas cap and bottom water in the reservoir that water and gas injection can’t sweep. The establishment of the numerical conceptual model compensates for the deficiency of physical simulation research, stating that only limited parameters can be simulated during experiments, and provides theoretical bases for nitrogen flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoir.

Effect of geometry on dielectrophoretic trap stiffness in microparticle trapping.

Dielectrophoresis, an electrokinetic technique, can be used for contactless manipulation of micro- and nano-size particles suspended in a fluid. We present a 3-D microfluidic DEP device with an orthogonal electrode configuration that uses negative dielectrophoresis to trap spherical polystyrene micro-particles. Traps with three different basic geometric shapes, i.e. triangular, square, and circular, and a fixed trap area of around 900 μm2 were investigated to determine the effect of trap shape on dynamics and strength of particle trapping. Effects of trap geometry were quantitatively investigated by means of trap stiffness, with applied electric potentials from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1MHz. Analyzing the trap stiffness with a trapped 4.42μm spherical particle showed that the triangular trap is the strongest, while the square shape trap is the weakest. The trap stiffness grew more than eight times in triangular traps and six times in both square and circular traps when the potential of the applied electric field was increased from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1MHz. With the maximum applied potential, i.e. 10 VP-P at 1MHz, the stiffness of the triangular trap was 60% and 26% stronger than the square and circular trap, respectively. A finite element model of the microfluidic DEP device was developed to numerically compute the DEP force for these trap shapes. The findings from the numerical computation demonstrate good agreement with the experimental analysis. The analysis of three different trap shapes provides important insights to predict trapping location, strength of the trapping zone, and optimized geometry for high throughput particle trapping.

MODELING OF THE INDUCTION HEATING FOR IMITATION DECAY HEAT IN THE CORIUM DURING THE INTERACTION WITH HEAT-RESISTANT MATERIALS

This work is devoted to modeling of the induction heating the corium melts pouring on in the trap. The results nonstationary thermophysical calculation of the temperature field of the corium and refractory blocks of the melt trap are presented in the article. In the process of work, 2D model of the selected the melt trap area was created in the program ANSYS and the thermophysical model was validated by comparison the calculated and experimental data of the experiment.