City Transport System Research Articles

Формування комплексного підходу до досліджень впливу транспортно-промислових процесів на сіті-логістичні системи

Taking into account the need for post-war reconstruction, one of the important issues is the formation of city-logistics systems taking into account the prospects for the development of urban industry, advanced achievements of science and technology, and the introduction of ecological modes of transport. , ensuring the European level of social and cultural development of the population. Meanwhile, enterprises of the metallurgical industry, as a rule, are city-forming in the settlements of industrial districts, they employ tens of thousands of workers. Taking into account the continuity of the main production processes in metallurgy, employees of such enterprises have a need for round-the-clock daily movement from their place of residence to the enterprise and back. At the same time, the schedules of the beginning and end of work shifts may be different at the same enterprise. Under such conditions, it is important to provide employees with timely and reliable transportation to the workplace. Accordingly, the city's transport system as a whole and the city's public transport in particular must be ready to ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the sustainable development of the city's economy and social sphere. The article emphasizes the relevance of the tasks of optimizing the duration of signals both for relatively simple configurations of street network nodes and for complex street intersections with several sections of the road separated by a boulevard. The approach proposed by the authors to the management of the city-logistics system in the conditions of the cities of industrial regions will ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the purpose of sustainable development of the economy and social sphere of cities. The need has been proven and practical solutions have been proposed for increasing the level of road safety, reducing traffic jams, and improving traffic modes within the cities of industrial areas, which allows to reduce the number of traffic accidents, ensures the fulfillment of urban logistics tasks, and also reduces the level of energy consumption of vehicles. expedient connection of various types of street transport, including individual ones, which will ensure rational planning of street space and increase the efficiency of the transport system of cities.

A collaborative privacy-preserving approach for passenger demand forecasting of autonomous taxis empowered by federated learning in smart cities

The concept of Autonomous Taxis (ATs) has witnessed a remarkable surge in popularity in recent years, paving the way toward future smart cities. However, accurately forecasting passenger demand for ATs remains a significant challenge. Traditional approaches for passenger demand forecasting often rely on centralized data collection and analysis, which can raise privacy concerns and incur high communication costs. To address these challenges, We propose a collaborative model using Federated Learning (FL) for passenger demand forecasting in smart city transportation systems. Our proposed approach enables ATs in different regions of the smart city to collaboratively learn and improve their demand forecasting models through FL while preserving the privacy of passenger data. We use several backpropagation neural networks as local models for collaborating to train the global model without directly sharing their data. The local model shares only the model updates with a global model that aggregates them, which is then sent back to local models to improve them. Our collaborative approach reduces privacy concerns and communication costs by facilitating learning from each other’s data without direct data sharing. We evaluate our approach using a real-world dataset of over 4500 taxis in Bangkok, Thailand. By utilizing MATLAB2022b, the proposed approach is compared with popular baseline methods and existing research on taxi demand forecasting systems. Results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms in passenger demand forecasting, surpassing existing methods in terms of model accuracy, privacy preservation, and performance metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and R-squared (R2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$R^2$$\\end{document}). Furthermore, our approach exhibits improved performance over time through the collaborative learning process as more data becomes available.

Life cycle assessment of lithium iron phosphate and electrochemical recuperator cells for city buses in Finland

The study investigates the environmental impacts of electric city buses based on the storage technologies applied and the degree of electrification within the Finnish context. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and electrochemical recuperator (ECR) were selected as storage technologies. ECR can be an alternative to the lithium-ion battery; however, little is known regarding its environmental performance when applied to electrify city buses. The study focused on diesel buses, battery electric buses (BEB) and plug-in hybrid buses. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to assess the potential environmental impacts between storage technologies and the degree of electrification. Primary data from the industry was used to assess the impacts of manufacturing ECR. The results showed that manufacturing a kWh of ECR generated a global warming potential (GWP) of 178 kg CO2-eq, higher than LFP. However, its application indicated that ECR performed better. The impacts of using ECR and LFP in BEB were 385 g CO2-eq/km and 441 g CO2-eq/km, respectively. The hybrid system generated 652 g CO2-eq/km and 670 g CO2-eq/km for ECR and LFP, respectively. The study also showed no consistent pattern between the degree of electrification and environmental benefits. Scenario analysis revealed that BEB provided the best GWP when assessed using a Finnish and Norwegian electricity mix, while the hybrid system performed the best when Polish electricity was applied. This study demonstrated that storage technologies, degree of electrification, fuel consumption, and electricity sources affect environmental performance. Careful assessment is needed before deciding to electrify the city's transport system.

ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МІСТ УКРАЇНИ

One of the obstacles to the development of ecological transport in Ukraine is the insufficient number of specialized bicycle paths and associated bicycle infrastructure, the insufficient number of electric cars (both cars and trucks), the slow transition of public transport to environmentally friendly means of transportation. Therefore, the further greening of the transport system of Ukrainian cities is a very urgent issue. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to highlight the advantages and justify the urgent need to transfer the foreign experience of sustainable urban mobility and greening of transport to the existing conditions of Ukrainian society. The article discusses priority directions for the development of ecological types of transport, obstacles that stand in the way of greening the transport system of Ukrainian cities, and proposes an action plan aimed at avoiding various types of risks associated with the greening of transport. The relationship between the availability of certain types of transport, the state of the environment and the health of the population is recognized all over the world. It has been proven that it affects the economic indicators of the country’s development. Therefore, European countries calculate the economic effect of expanding the existing bicycle infrastructure based on this relationship. Cities with positive experience in this matter should share their experiences of creating sustainable, comfortable and healthy urban areas, and a single unified action mechanism for promoting such an eco-approach should be developed for decision-makers. Similar transformations are fully available to Ukrainian cities. They are relatively inexpensive. The article proves that in the post-war period it will be necessary to apply a comprehensive approach to the development of sustainable urban mobility (necessarily taking into account the specifics of each city), which should satisfy the needs of the population for high-quality, comfortable, easy and safe movement, complete the integration of the bicycle network into the general transport system of Ukrainian cities.

Інституційні та нормативно-правові аспекти регулювання сталої міської мобільності

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institutional and legal aspects of regulating sustainable urban mobility, which is an important element of modern urban policy. Sustainable urban mobility aims to create efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly transport systems that contribute to improving the quality of life of urban residents and ensuring sustainable urban development. The article examines key institutional aspects, including the role of government authorities at the national and local levels, mechanisms for coordination between various stakeholders, and financial institutions that support the development of transport projects. Legal aspects are considered in terms of the legislative framework and regulatory tools governing the transport system. The analysis includes laws and regulations that prioritize environmentally friendly types of transport, regulate emissions, ensure road safety, and set standards for public transport. The article also explores the implementation of innovative technologies in the field of urban mobility, such as electric vehicles, shared transport systems, and intelligent transport systems. The importance of regulatory support for the development of innovations, including standardization and certification of new technologies, is emphasized. Public involvement in the decision-making process is another important aspect discussed in the article. Mechanisms for holding public consultations, taking residents' opinions into account, and ensuring transparency in the implementation of sustainable mobility projects are highlighted. It can be concluded that institutional and legal aspects are crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable urban mobility. They provide the necessary foundation for a comprehensive approach to urban mobility management, coordination of actions by various stakeholders, and the creation of legal conditions for the development of environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient transport systems in cities. These measures contribute to improving the quality of life of citizens, reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment, and ensuring sustainable urban development.

Впровадження концепції перехоплюючих паркінгів в міське середовище

The implementation of intercept parking concepts in urban environments is crucial for improving transportation infrastructure and enhancing residents' quality of life. The city of Rivne, while compact, faces challenges of traffic congestion and air pollution due to its limited area and high population density. One of the key measures to address these issues is the implementation of parking systems, specifically intercept parking. Intercept parking involves creating parking zones outside the city center to reduce the flow of cars in central areas. This can significantly reduce traffic congestion and promote the use of public transportation, thereby improving the city's transportation system. For example, research has shown that effectively utilizing intercept parking can reduce the number of cars entering the city center and encourage the use of public transport. However, successful implementation of intercept parking requires a comprehensive approach and consideration of various aspects, including the needs of the local population, characteristics of the transportation infrastructure, and potential implications for city development and road safety. The article presents research and data collection on the capacity of inbound car flows in various parts of the intercept parking network aimed at evaluating the load on the road network of the city of Rivne during peak periods, taking into account the city's level of motorization. The study analyzed inbound traffic flows at six key points on the main arterial streets of the city. The research results identified a significant load on Rivne's road network from inbound traffic flows, negatively impacting the city's mobility. The only viable solution to this problem is the implementation of an automated intercept parking network both in the suburbs and in the central part of the city. Intercept parking represents a crucial step towards optimizing urban space and improving residents' quality of life by reducing traffic congestion in cities and fostering the development of sustainable urban environments. Implementing intercept parking concepts proves to be a significant step in urban space improvement and enhancing residents' quality of life. The practical application of this concept can contribute to further development and optimization of urban agglomerations, as it promotes efficient use of parking spaces and the development of safe and balanced urban environments.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СИСТЕМ

This article conducts a study of the prospects for the development of information transport systems, the purpose of which is to study existing technologies for monitoring traffic flows to improve the safety and efficiency of road traffic. The article discusses existing methods for collecting and processing data on traffic flows, as well as the impact of monitoring on traffic safety. The objective of the study is to determine the most progressive and effective monitoring technologies and the practice of their application. The article also analyzes the results of using an intelligent transport system in the city of Belgorod and its impact on reducing accident rates. The findings indicate the importance of developing further research in the field of monitoring to optimize the city's transport system and infrastructure development.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ ВРЕМЕНИ РЕАКЦИИ ВОДИТЕЛЯ В ТРАНСПОРТНОМ ПОТОКЕ ВЫСОКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ

This article considers the problem of determining the reaction time of sanguine drivers of different age categories in the city's transport system in conditions of high-density traffic flow, close to congestion. Prolonged exposure to high-density traffic leads to a deterioration in the functional state of the driver and to an increase in his psycho-emotional tension. A change in the functional state causes fatigue in the driver, which in turn leads to an increase in his reaction time, which affects road safety. The assessment of the driver's fatigue level was carried out by measuring an electrocardiogram and analyzing the unevenness of cardiac intervals, which are a universal response to all types of loads. A model for estimating changes in the reaction time of a sanguine driver based on a regression model of changes in his fatigue level is proposed. The graphs show the changes in the reaction time of drivers of different ages during their stay in traffic congestion. It was revealed that the reaction time of the driver in the first minutes of being in a traffic jam changes slightly, due to the presence of reserve compensatory capabilities of the body, however, after the fifth to sixth minute, an objective process of deterioration of the functional state begins. It was found that the change in the reaction time of a sanguine driver in a traffic jam primarily depends on the initial level of fatigue. When the driver stays in a high-density traffic flow with the initial state of optimal voltage of the regulatory systems, the change in his reaction time by the end of the jam reaches the greatest value. It was also revealed that the greatest changes in the reaction time of a sanguine driver occur in older drivers.

Methods of modeling correspondence of freight container transportation based on entropy hiking

The successful solution to the problems of container road transportation management is based on the availability of an objective methodology for predicting cargo road container transportation, implemented in a complex of mathematical models. The article presents the methods of modeling correspondence of freight container transportation on the basis of an entropy campaign. This approach is usually used to predict cargo flows in complex transport systems of large cities. To solve the problems of organizing container cargo transportation, the entropy approach can be taken due to the active development of transport infrastructure in long-distance communication and the use of digital services. Keywords container road transportation, complex system, optimization algorithm, multi-criteria problem, entropy

Mathematical modeling and research of transport flows and processes of transport systems of cities

The problem of mathematical modeling and research of transport flows and processes of transport systems of cities is set and solved. Related works, methods, modeling of traffic flow intensity as a first-order autoregression process, finding estimates of process model parameters with a standard normal random component are considered.

Parallel algorithms for interactive evaluation of complex hierarchical-network systems

Methods of interactive evaluation of complex hierarchical-network systems with fully and partially orde-red flowsmovement are considered. For realization thesemethods in real time the parallel computation algorithms are proposed. Speed up estimates were obtained, which confirm the high efficiency of the men-tioned algorithms.The proposed parallel algorithms are oriented to execution on modern computing me-ans: computers with multi-core processors, clusters, hybrid architectures and in high-performance distri-buted environments.The results of the work can be used to study the functioningprocess of motor trans-portsystems for large city, region, country or railway transport system and other complex naturalandartificial systems with a hierarchical-network structure, their elements or subsystems.

URBAN MORPHOLOGY’S IMPACT ON PUBLIC REALM SOCIAL COHESIVENESS IN ALMATY

Since the notion of active public realm life was coined, more and more scholars and researchers have been researching public realm life, transportation efficiency and related terms about why they are essential and how spaces can incubate social cohesion. Yet, there is a limited investigation, particularly in Kazakhstan, of how urban morphology affects the core issues of the public realm’s role in creating more socially cohesive communities. Thus, this paper seeks to find out whether we can improve public realm life vitality in a case study of Republic Square, which is considered to be one of Almaty's central, cultural, and political stages, by evaluating the existing urban morphology and analysing the outcomes of the selected site using a triangulation of morphological mapping, observation and survey methods. A connection will be extracted between public realm life vitality and use efficiency by engaging with urban morphology, through which it is possible to examine the synergy and determine if it is feasible to achieve these two and how we can mediate them. However, the current urban planning of Republic Square hardly facilitates active social life due to a lack of accessibility, low density, poor functional mix, blank interfaces, and insufficiency of the nighttime economy. Still, further research is required to investigate the selected site's fast traffic concerning the city's transportation system to propose perspective design strategies.

Navigating the future: Evaluating two-level transport solutions for sustainable urban development

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate two options for two-level transport solutions at the intersection of the bypass road and the Pidvolochyske Highway in Ternopil, Ukraine. The aim is to address the issues associated with the current road network passing through residential zones and present an optimal resolution for the intersection. Methodology: The methodology involves using the PTV Vissim software to conduct simulation modelling. The transport and operational indicators of the two options for two-level transport solutions, an elongated loop and two interconnected rings, are compared across different traffic intensities. Results: The results show that the transport solution with two roundabouts exhibits superior characteristics, particularly under high traffic flow conditions. The strengths and limitations of each solution are comprehensively delineated, encompassing factors like efficiency, cost-effectiveness, safety measures, and ecological impacts. Theoretical contribution: The paper contributes to advancing knowledge and practice in two-level transport solutions. It provides valuable insights for developing the transportation system in Ternopil and other post-conflict cities. The advantages and disadvantages of public-private partnerships (PPP) as a tool for attracting investments and innovations in transportation infrastructure are also discussed. Practical implications: The findings of this research can be used by professionals in transportation, urban planning, and ecology for infrastructure development. It also serves as a valuable resource for residents of Ternopil interested in fostering improvements to their city’s quality of life.

Preface

The 10th International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (ICEEG) is hosted by China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China, from June 07-12, 2023. Held biennially since 2004, the ICEEG Conference is one of the most important events for geophysical research and applications in environmental and engineering. Drawing together scientists, engineers, industrial delegates and end-users, the conference is a place to see all of the advanced developments, ranging from fundamental achievement in geophysical methods to the most interesting case studies. Traditionally, the proceedings “Engineering Environmental Geophysics and Intelligent Detection Technology” of the 10th International Conference on Environment and Engineering geophysics is published for the readers from the near-surface geophysics communityShallow surface geophysics refers to the exploration theory and application research on the surface of the earth using physical principles and methods. The shallow surface supports the needs of human survival and development. On the one hand, human beings obtain water and minerals from it, and build the necessary underground space to contain water, electricity, gas, communication, transportation and other pipe network systems in modern cities. On the other hand, various kinds of waste generated by human activities is discharged and buried in it, forming a unique geological layer of the Anthropocene. Whether from the technical level (physics) or non-technical level (politics, society, law), shallow surface geophysics is becoming more and more important. Artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in various fields in recent years, and the construction of smart cities cannot be separated from the support of shallow surface geophysical exploration and monitoring methods and technologies. Due to the integration of urbanization and the development of geophysical technology in China, geophysicists have more opportunities for scientific research. In order to promote exchanges, improve the level of environmental and engineering geophysical exploration, and provide a first-class platform for extensive exchanges among workers engaged in scientific research, technology development and production applications in this field, the 10th International Conference on Environment and Engineering Geophysics will be held in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), a famous university of geosciences. We warmly welcome experts and scholars to contribute and participate in the conferenceIn the proceedings of 10th ICEEG, 160 peer-reviewed research expended abstracts are published according to the following topics: geophysical exploration of urban underground space, high frequency surface wave theory and application, ground penetrating radar technology and application, advances in shallow surface geophysics, engineering geophysics, hydrology and environmental geophysics, disaster geophysical survey, archaeological geophysics, unmanned aerial vehicle detection, smart city geophysics, intelligent detection technology, geophysical monitoring technique, geophysical instruments and software, shallow active source and passive source seismic detection, and young scientists forum.We are deeply grateful to the members of the scientific committee and institutional scientific partners of ICEEG: Chinese Geophysical Society, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Shallow Surface Geophysical Committee of Chinese Geophysical Society, Professional Committee of Environmental Geophysics, Chinese Geophysical Society, Department of Earth Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Central South University, Chengdu University of Technology, Chang’ An University, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Zhejiang University and Jilin UniversityWe would like to thank all reviewers for their great efforts to achieve the high quality of published articles.We would also like to extend our gratitude to all participants of 10th ICEEG for their interests and great contributions. Our special thanks go to the invited speakers for their significant contributions to the conference and the proceedings.We would also like to thank all the sponsors. It is your years’ support that makes the ICEEG conference a success.We would also extend our thanks to all committee members and student volunteers for their great efforts in organizing this wonderful event.We hope the proceedings show the challenges and the latest developments in the application of Engineering Environmental Geophysics and Intelligent Detection Technology.

Web-based Efficiency of Distributed Systems and IoT on Functionality of Smart City Applications

Abstract In the current technological environment, the Internet of Things (IoT) has arisen as a significant subject of research because of its importance. A robust cloud computing framework is established via the collaboration of sensors and actuators. This framework has the potential to be used in the creation of autonomous object networks in real-time systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a significant role in the redefinition of other significant ideas, such as urbanism and smart cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the potential to improve the quality of life for inhabitants of smart cities, which are relatively new developments. This might be accomplished by providing people with enhanced facilities and services. The Internet of Things is seeing a fast expansion in a variety of sectors, including smart cities, everyday life, and other fields. Through the use of home automation, smart wearables, security solutions, and smart healthcare, the Internet of Things makes it possible to create intelligent environments. In the realm of the Internet of Things, some of the possible topics of study include intelligent transportation systems for cities and intelligent electrical systems. This article offers a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and the influence those advancements have had on the lives of humans in their day-to-day activities. In addition to this, the Internet of Things (IoT) is also considered in connection to artificial intelligence, autonomous control, and cloud computing. It is important to synchronise a number of technologies, such as wireless sensors, actuators, the internet, and distributed computing, in order to successfully allow upcoming Internet of Things technologies.

On the improvement efficiency and safety of operation of underground tunnel escalators. Adaptation of processes of planning and control

BACKGROUND: The pace of transport system development not corresponding to current demands of a town is a significant obstacle on the way of achieving target values of business activity and quality of life. One of the main indicators of quality of life in a modern large city is satisfaction with city public transport. The backbone mean of public transport in Saint Petersburg is underground which efficiency indicators are share of accomplishment of train schedule and accomplishment of stations’ operation schedule. However, funding based on subsidies and requirement of proper fulfillment of given efficiency indicators make the Petersburg Underground SUE look for new ways of adaptation of planning and control processes for managing available resources ensuring keeping outdating infrastructure operable and cost reduction based on state-of-the-art informational technologies. AIMS: Establishment of enlarged hardware facility and basic structural solution necessary for unrolling software for planning and control of maintenance of the underground’s escalator park. The study object is the underground’s escalator park; the study subject is automation of maintenance system. METHODS: In the first part of the paper, as a result of statistical compilation and comparison of homogeneous data from annual reports of the Petersburg Underground SUE in the tabular form as well as analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the escalator park considering the information on the history of maintenance system formation, the statement was made about existence of interaction between the changes taking place in the city transport system and demands of adaptation of processes of planning and control of operations in the escalator park maintenance system. In the second part of the paper, on the basis of analysis of regulatory framework and requirements to development of data processing centers, the main structural element for implementation of facility of planning and control of performing the underground’s escalator park maintenance was established. RESULTS: The theoretically valuable result of the study is the found interaction between changes taking place at the level of the city transport system and demands in changing the underground’s escalator park maintenance system for achieving the comprehensive evolution of the transport system. Meanwhile, the basic structure of the hardware-software facility, main structural element of which is the corridor isolation system implementing the tool of adaptation of processes of planning and control the operation, is significantly valuable for practical use. CONCLUSIONS: Structure and equipment of the hardware-software facility as well as the installed software for monitoring, planning and control of the operations ensuring/not ensuring fulfillment the efficiency indicators give the opportunity to transfer the infrastructure parts from the running hours-based maintenance system to the state-based maintenance system.

Urban Transportation Systems in Large Cities: Issues of Efficiency

Yu. V. Trofimenko, M. R. Yakimov. Monograph «Transport planning: formation of efficient transport systems of large cities». 2nd ed., rev. and enl. Perm, RADAR agency, 2022, 536 p. ISBN 978-5-6048401-0-8.The article is a review of the monograph «Transport planning: formation of efficient transport systems in large cities», prepared by well-known Russian transport scientists Yu. V. Trofimenko and M. R. Yakimov. The monograph summarises and systematizes extensive material on topical problems of functioning of the transport systems of large cities. The book also reflects modern approaches to transport planning and organisation of traffic in cities, methods for assessing quality of functioning of urban transport systems, issues of modelling and optimising design solutions for organising transport services for the population, as well as modern approaches to building transport management systems in territorial entities.

Simulating MIMT Attackers' Strategies in VANET to Secure ITS in Smart Cities via Multiverse Optimization-based Hybrid Routing Approach

The connection between moving vehicles and stationary Road Side Units is made possible by VANET technology, which is an essential component of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Vanet based intelligent transportation system (ITS) security is major issue in present days. MIMT Attackers' Strategies are taken into account to test the security of VANET based ITS system in present research paper. The major objective of research paper is to evaluate the potential of security model in case of different type of message dropping and delay attack. It is observed that there is probability of message delay, message drop, and message tampering attack in VANET based ITS system. Due to such attacks there is huge impact on content delivery ratio, packet delay and dropping. Thus proposed hybrid routing approach that is considering Multi-verse optimization has been used to simulate the Quantifying MIMT attacks. In present research, Vanet security in case of intelligent transportation system in smart cities has been considered.

RT-GCN: Gaussian-based spatiotemporal graph convolutional network for robust traffic prediction

Traffic forecasting plays a critical role in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in smart cities. Travelers as well as urban managers rely on reliable traffic information to make their decisions for route choice and traffic management. However, noisy or missing traffic data poses a problem for accurate and robust traffic forecasting. While data-driven models such as deep neural networks can achieve high prediction accuracy with complete datasets, sensor malfunctions, and environmental effects degrade the performance of such models, as these models rely heavily on precise traffic measurements for model training and estimation. Consequently, incomplete traffic data poses a challenge for robust model design that can make accurate traffic forecasts with noisy/missing data. This research proposes the Robust Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network (RT-GCN), a traffic prediction model that handles noise perturbations and missing data using a Gaussian distributed node representation and a variance based attention mechanism. Through experiments conducted on four real-world traffic datasets using diverse noisy and missing scenarios, the proposed RT-GCN model has demonstrated its ability to handle noise perturbations and missing values and provide high accuracy prediction.

Strategies and Policy Frameworks for Low Carbon Mobility in Indian Cities

This paper endeavours to illuminate the challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve sustainable urban transportation system in Indian cities. This paper will try to trace pattern of urbanization, motorization and their impact on mobility, environment, health and road safety. Further, the paper will explain various efforts taken by government authorities to address the transportation issues and their outcomes. The paper also explains various strategies which if be adopted will ensure low carbon growth of urban areas. Low carbon cities will help in enhancing India's energy security and lower its carbon footprint.