Transportation Of Solid Waste Research Articles

A sustainable approach to the collection and transportation of solid waste of Dibrugarh city, Assam

AbstractApproaches for solid waste management (SWM) differ based on the local economy, living conditions, government systems, etc. Collect and transportation components are fundamental criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of various SWM methods and technologies. This approach consists of collection from sources and transportation to the disposal facility while stopping wherever necessary. It is important to develop a solution that would help in the effective transportation and collection of waste. The major concern is finding an alternative to the commonly practiced SWM system. In this paper, an improved framework of transportation routes for SWM of Dibrugarh city, Assam, has been attained. Three scenarios were designed; C0: the original route, C1: the exact work method used as in the original case with a change of sequencing of stopping points, C2: optimized route with a change of vehicles, and C3: change of vehicle and reallocation of stops. The efficiency of the collection and transportation route has been compared in terms of traveled distance, time allotment, human resources use, and fuel consumption. C3 is the best methodology with a change of vehicle, and reallocation with about 42.86%, 61.86%, 64.10%, and 50.65% reduction in various aspects such as workers, working time, travelled distance, and fuel consumption, respectively. These scenarios not only help in choosing the best routes for successful transportation but are also economical due to the reduced need for fuel and labor and environmentally friendly due to lower carbon dioxide emissions.

Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil

The municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a great challenge in most cities of developing countries, as the majority of the generated waste is either not collected or is dumped in open uncontrolled non-engineered landfill sites, creating significant pollution due to the leakage of landfill leachate in the surrounding environment. In developing countries, a complete transition to a zero-landfill scenario is less likely to happen in the near future due to various socio-economic challenges. Therefore, the existing landfills in developing countries need holistic waste management thinking with more efforts on waste to energy conversions. This study highlights the challenges with existing MSW management practices of Curitiba, Brazil, and suggests some holistic and sustainable landfill management techniques. This is accomplished through the (i) identification of the suitable sites for setting up transfer stations (TSs), (ii) route optimization for MSW transportation, and (iii) analysis of the life expectancy of the existing landfill with waste valorization techniques for enhancing circularity of MSW of the city. The study has identified six potential TSs, making use of various geological criteria and constraints as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency using GIS-based spatial analysis, which could save fuel cost of approximately 1.5 million Brazilian Real (BRL) per year for the solid waste transportation (from the source to the landfill site). This research has also made a value addition in this specific field with the preparation of a digitized road network map of the study region. Further, the sensitivity-based scenario analysis highlights that the lifespan of the existing landfill (until 2030) might be extended to 2058 if the city achieves the targeted recycling rate of 85% compared with the current rate of 23%. The results would be useful for policy-makers to adopt the crucial MSW scenario to achieve a circular economy in the waste management of the city of Curitiba.

A Decision-Making Model for the Transportation of Municipal Solid Wastes

The management of waste with minimum cost and the environmental burden has recently gained importance in the circular economy. In this study, alternatives for the transportation of wastes by rail and road were compared in terms of cost, environment and personnel requirement benchmarks by using the multi-criteria decision-making software - Right Choice (2.0). The transportation of waste by road is shown with Alternative 1, while the transportation by rail is represented by Alternative 2 (by loading waste-carrying trucks and trailers on the train), Alternative 3 (by loading only trailers on the train) and Alternative 4 (by loading only wastes on the train). As a result, it was determined that the optimum option to transfer the wastes is as specified in Alternative 4, to load only the wastes on the wagons. Importantly, the low operation-maintenance cost of Alternative 4, in other words, its high performance on this benchmark and the high relative importance of the operation-maintenance cost attributed by the stakeholders play a vital role. According to the sensitivity analysis results, Alternative 3 appears as another option close to Alternative 4 while Alternatives 1 and 2, however, remain as options to be evaluated where Alternatives 3 and 4 are not included in decision-making at all. The results of this study show that, depending on the scoring of the criteria in the decision tree, Alternative 4 or 3 could be a better option than the other alternatives, by reducing the number of alternatives and highlighting the good performers.

Examining Determinants of Health among Safai Karmacharis (“Ex-Untouchables” Caste) in Mumbai

The purpose of the two-phase, sequential mixed methods study using Critical Caste Theory (CasteCRT) was to explore the socioeconomic condition, intergenerational caste-based slavery, and health vulnerability of municipal workers associated with the collection, transportation, and landfilling of municipal solid waste in Mumbai. The first phase involved in-depth interviews of 10 Safai Karamcharis and 12 key informants from the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Individual interviews inquired about household and parental information, migration history, reasons for migration, work history, and expectations from the municipal corporation. The second phase involved cross-sectional survey of 360 Safai Karamcharis from six municipal wards of the MCGM. To identify the diagnosed causes of death, 100 households were interviewed who had lost their earning member in the previous 3 years. A study of Safai Karamcharis employed in the BrihanMunicipal Corporation of Mumbai found that the policies directed at uplifting of workers have been institutionalizing caste-based occupations. The Warsa Hakka policies of the government assure employment of the Safai Karamcharis’ progeny. Other findings highlighted the need to address precarious working conditions; the need for change in caste-specific recruitment processes; educational, financial, and healthcare support; efforts to address their psychosocial slavery; and freedom to voice their concerns. This paper elaborates the factors that keep generations of Safai Karamcharis in this occupation and recommends practical solutions to break the vicious cycle.

Cartografia da gestão de resíduos sólidos no sul da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract Although the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy is in force, cities continue to face difficulties in complying with it, thus perpetuating negative environmental impacts caused by solid waste. This study analyzed, from a cartographic perspective, the deficits and the implications of inadequate urban solid waste management in an area of the Brazilian northeast. A questionnaire structured in 3 sections and 26 questions (management of public cleaning services, waste collection, and solid waste disposal) was applied to eight managers of the municipal agencies responsible for solid waste areas. The quality index of landfills was applied, and the gravimetric characterization of solid waste was performed by the technique of quartering and segregation of waste in visits to the disposal sites of each city. It was identified that 75% of the cities do not have hierarchical strategies for prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, and adequate treatment of urban solid waste, with insufficient budget. Only one city collects throughout its perimeter, and the waste collected is destined to open dumps considered inadequate or of low quality. The waste mass is composed, on average, of 50% organics, 20% rejects, 15% plastics, and 9% paper and cardboard. The recent Brazil sanitation regulation can be a way to reduce the aggravation and regularize the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste.

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

GIS-based tools for optimising municipal solid waste collection and transportation routes

GIS-based tools for optimising municipal solid waste collection and transportation routes

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Al- Samawah City

The purpose of this study was to look into the evaluation of waste disposal stages (collection, storing, treatment, transporting, and landfilling) in addition to additional variables, including financial status, population size, and the technical methods employed to identify relationships with the handling of waste using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The AL-Samawah municipality's waste management wasn't staged due to no sorting and treatment processes, and the work was limited to solid waste collection and transportation. The landfill stage was carried out in a manner that did not preserve the environment and was limited to dumping waste on the earth's surface or digging a shallow trench into which waste was placed and backfilled. It is evident through costs, as collection and transportation costs account for 95% of total waste management costs. Working families generated more waste than non-working families, ranging from 3 to 15%, due to their reliance on fast food wrapped in plastic and cork containers, which generates more waste. The regression equations were created to predict the dumping cost based on the dependent variables: transportation and collection. The R2 values were 0.77.

Strategies For Advancing Bengaluru As Smart City: a Case Study

The concept, origin, development, and history of Smart Cities were studied in conjunction with the backdrop, town, and economic characteristics of Bengaluru. The idea of Smart Cities is a "booming" global phenomenon, with Smart City initiatives being implemented worldwide. After the 2000s, the term "smart" gained popularity in urban policy making to describe the skillful use of information technologies (IT) to improve a city's infrastructure and service functionality and efficacy. With significant contributions from various technologies, including computer science, information technology, remote sensing, and enhanced multimedia, the idea of Smart Cities is a recent one in our country. This project explores the foundation of a Smart City by examining existing relevant parameters, such as electricity, solid waste management systems, water supply, and transportation, in Kondashettihalli and Chikkaballapur areas only due to the vastness of the city and the deciding parameters. Bengaluru's spatial expansion is examined, the shortcomings of the current situation are contrasted with those of a Smart City, and lastly, planning plans and recommendations are provided.

Advancing cleaner municipal waste transport through carbon accounting in the cap-and-trade system

Promoting cleaner municipal solid waste transportation processes plays a key role in sustainable waste management. In this study, a regional cap-and-trade system as an incentive tool was developed and applied to waste disposal in Montreal, Canada. The full life-cycle carbon emissions of a waste transport fleet, including four alternative energy scenarios, were accounted for using the GHGenius life cycle assessment tool. Different carbon caps were also considered, as evidence to support the industry’s ongoing low-carbon efforts under Quebec’s 2030 green plan. The results revealed that the electric fleet decreased carbon emissions (CO2-equivalent) by 94.40% when compared to the diesel fleet and achieved a cost savings of 63.13% percent when carbon trading offsets were utilized. Considering all cap tightening, credit offsets, and possible subsidies, the electric fleet outperforms the other options in both economics and emission reductions. The findings have important implications for sustaining the low-carbon municipal waste management.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengumpulan dan Pengangkutan Sampah Padat dengan Efisiensi Rute Menggunakan K-Means Clustering dan Travelling Salesman Problem

The increasing population growth and rapid urbanization have resulted in large amounts of solid municipal waste (SMW). Nowadays, the problem of waste management is a problem that is being experienced by every country in the world. As a result, implementing efficient waste management strategies is increasingly needed. The collection and transportation of solid waste is the most important thing to pay attention to in waste management efficiency to reduce the costs of collecting and transporting solid waste. The research started by collecting data and interviewing the environmental services of Semarang City about the waste transportation system in Semarang City. The results of the data and interviews will then be used as a reference for the system analysis to be made. Then proceed with designing information systems. After that, the information system was developed by applying the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) method using a heuristic in the form of K-means Clustering. With the help of OR-Tools, TSP completion does not require node distance, just inputting the coordinates of each node. The study closed system testing. This research proposes a new approach to solving TSP. First is the process of assembling nodes into several clusters. Then, look for the shortest route in each cluster. The research resulted in 21 routes in 16 corridors to transport waste in Semarang City, presented on a map on a web-based Information System as Decision Support System (DSS). The comparison of the methods shows that TSP is the most suitable for this case.

Thực trạng quản lý chất thải rắn y tế và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng tại viện Y Dược học Dân Tộc thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2020

Objectives: This study has two objectives as the follows: to describe the management situation medical solid waste management and some factors affecting of solid medical waste management at the Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City by 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative method. medical solid waste storage tanks, medical solid waste transportation vehicles, medical solid waste storage area at 13 clinical and subclinical with 130 times of classifying and collecting, 52 times of transporting, 16 times of storage and 13 times returning to medical equipment. Information gathered through 4 in-depth interviews with 4 leaders of the Institute, department, department and 3 group discussions. Qualitative data was collected from 04 in-dept interviews and 03 focus groups discussion. Main findings: The research results show: sorting of medical solid waste at source and non-communicable hazardous medical solid waste must be put into a black bag / bin reaching=90%; in the stage of medical solid waste collection: the content of not collecting medical solid waste together reaches 92.3%; medical solid waste is transported according to the prescribed road, reaching 92.3%; Medical solid waste content that does not contain the same barrels and in solid medical waste warehouses must have a centralized waste container with a lid in accordance with regulations, all reaching 93.7%. The Institute has 4 medical solid waste warehouses that fully comply with the regulations on the management of medical solid waste, only not meeting the warehouse area. Key words: Solid medical waste, influenced factor, Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City.

Overview of the technologies of the collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal solid waste

Solving the problem of the lack of effective technologies for the recovery of solid municipal waste consists, first of all, of the construction of an effective technological scheme for the collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal waste. Achieving the goals of reducing the volume of municipal waste disposal to 30% in 2030, which are set by the National Strategy for Waste Management in Ukraine until 2030, is possible by applying coordinated technological stages of collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal waste in settlements and territorial communities.Research is aimed at organizing effective and unified management of solid waste flows, their proper storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal taking into account the resource potential of solid waste, the need and feasibility of implementing a certain technology for processing, recovery and disposal of waste, taking into account its characteristics and application limitations, and the need to minimize the environmental burden associated with waste.The purpose and task of this publication are to describe the complete technological cycle of waste management and establish a sequence of unified methodical approaches to the stages and technological processes of solid household waste management (collection, transportation, recovery and disposal).

ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE OPISHNIAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGION

Planning of effective waste management systems at the level of territorial communities is an important practical task that ensures the implementation of the overall regional concept of the development of the regional waste management system. This process is based, first of all, on the study of the scientific and practical foundations of forecasting trends in the development of waste management systems, and especially their logistical component, taking into account the specifics of regional factors. Thus, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the technical-logistic component of the waste management system of individual territorial communities and its development prospects as a component of the regional waste management system of the Poltava region within the framework of solving the current scientific and practical task of ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional waste management system. Methodology. When studying the structure and technological parameters of the elements of the road network included in the project routes of solid waste transportation, the methods of system and factor analysis were used. Results. It has been established that the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ is simultaneously an element of the logistics structure of the waste management system at the local and regional level and is involved in all stages of solid waste transportation during various periods of implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan of the Poltava Region. All categories of roads are involved in the transport schemes. The roads of the fourth category and some roads of the 5th category are the most heavily loaded. Most roads of categories T, O, C are in unsatisfactory condition and need urgent repair. The capacity of the existing road network, if it is maintained in a satisfactory condition, provides the possibility of movement along the specified routes of both collection and transport garbage trucks. The maximum permissible speed of movement according to the parameter of categorization on all roads of the region corresponds to the technical parameters and design modes of movement of specialized transport. Originality. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined. Practical value. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined.

Assessment and Implications of Waste Transportation and Disposal Practices of Rural and Urban Dwellers in Kwara State, Nigeria

The piles of solid waste that have accumulated across the cities of Kwara State, Nigeria, pose a serious threat to public health. The implications of waste disposal and transportation practices on the health of people cannot be undermined, which may include environmental health issues such as outbreaks of cholera, lassa fever, malaria and other diseases which have been frequently experienced in the study area. In order to avert such incidences in the nearest future, this study assessed solid waste disposal and transportation practices and its implications on the health of the people in rural and urban areas of Kwara State. Three research questions and two hypotheses were tested for the study. An ex-post facto research design was used. The sample for the study was chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. A total of 754 questionnaires were given to household heads who were chosen at random from six Local Government Areas in Kwara State. For research questions, mean, standard deviation and percentages were used, and the study hypotheses were analysed using an independent sample t-test. Findings revealed that rural and urban dwellers in Kwara State use similar methods of solid waste disposal (P-values= 0.99>0.05, 0.99>0.05) and transportation (P-values=0.13>0.05, 0.07>0.05). Most of the disposal methods used are unhygienic and not environmental friendly (open burning, dumping on bare floors and drainages, and use of pits dug at the backyard). Also, majority of the respondents do not transport their wastes, some of the respondents give to children to dispose off on the streets, some take it along to dispose illegally when going to work, while a few patronize government and commercial waste collectors). The implications of such practices were found to be too important to be neglected such as unpleasant odour, disease outbreaks and loss of aesthetic value of the streets. It was suggested among others that household members should try to use accessible healthy waste disposal options such as composting, sanitary landfill and recycling of waste in order to prevent environmental health diseases and degradation.

Management of classified municipal solid waste should focus on odor pollution and ozone formation potential caused by VOCs

VOCs, generated during municipal solid waste sorting, collection, transportation and treatment, are important causes of odor pollution and ozone formation. Sampling was conducted at 11 sampling sites in Suzhou waste stream 1 (other waste from a residential quarter, a transfer station, and a landfill) and waste stream 2 (kitchen waste from a residential quarter and waste from an anaerobic digestion plant). VOC emissions were mainly from the anaerobic digestion plant (31.8 mg/m3) and transfer station (22.9 mg/m3), while the emissions from the residential quarter and landfill were relatively small (from 113 to 982 μg/m3). Based on the theoretical value of odor potential, the anaerobic digestion plant and transfer station were also major sites of odor pollution, with ethanol, limonene, p-diethylbenzene and dimethyl sulfide as priority odor pollutants in the former and limonene in the transfer station. The anaerobic digestion plant and the transfer station also contributed most of the ozone formation potential. Ethanol, limonene and acetone were the priority pollutants of ozone formation in the anaerobic digestion plant, while it was toluene in the landfill, ethanol and limonene in the transfer station, and limonene in the kitchen waste. Anaerobic digestion plants and transfer stations should become the focus for management to reduce ozone formation potential and odor pollution. The study will provide information for theoretical value odor and ozone control of MSW and has reference value for MSW treatments in other developing areas and countries.

Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Transport Vehicles: Case Study Banja Luka Region (B&H)

Abstract Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.

Transportation Route Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Using Network Analyst Tool, Case of Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste transportation and collection account for the largest portion of its total management expenses. The current study intends to distribute solid waste collection bins and improve the municipal solid waste transportation routes for Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, using the Network Analyst tool. The coordinates of each municipal solid waste collection container, the coordinates of the disposal location, the town's master plan, its population, the rate at which solid waste is produced, and the road shapefile are the data used for the study. The major piece of software used in this investigation was Network Analyst, an extension of ArcGIS. The recommended quantity of solid waste collection containers, the designated site for the containers, and the most efficient route are among the findings. The calculation's outcome showed that there were 66 municipal solid waste (MSW) collection containers for the 2018 calendar year and 110 containers after 20 years. 17.94 km is the optimal average distance to move filled containers from individual collection container locations to the disposal site and empty containers to their destination. Therefore, route design for municipal solid waste collection vehicles within the urban region is advised by the urban authorities.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Non-Governmental Organizations Participating in Garbage Management under the Background of Internet of Things

In the context of the information age, due to the development trend of information technology and the increasingly prominent position of economic activities, Internet of Things technology, as an important part of the new generation of information technology, stands out in the management of municipal solid waste collection and transportation management. At the same time, it has also become an efficient management means to realize waste treatment and construct high-quality urban green infrastructure in the environmental protection industry. Under this reality, environmental non-governmental organizations are becoming increasingly important as an organized social force in limiting national environmental power. It has become a crucial force in municipal solid waste management. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the strategic choice relationship among environmental non-governmental organizations, local governments, and garbage disposal enterprises, as well as the impact of environmental non-governmental organizations participating in the supervision of the implementation of information waste classification and management systems. In this study, the game theory method is used to construct the tripartite evolutionary game model of local governments, garbage disposal enterprises, and environmental non-governmental organizations, and the Matlab simulation model is established. The results of model analysis and simulation show that direct supervision, financial support, and punishment from non-governmental organizations, as well as pressure measures by non-governmental organizations, can promote the implementation of Internet of Things technology behavior. High-intensity financial support, low-intensity punishment and pressure measures, and moderate direct supervision have the most significant effect on the implementation of Internet of Things technology.

Optimization of municipal solid waste transportation in the State of Paraná: rethinking the location of landfills based on mathematical modeling

RESUMO Neste trabalho foram utilizados, conjuntamente, os conceitos de particionamento territorial e localização de instalações para a otimização da rede de aterros sanitários do Estado do Paraná. Isso porque a solução adotada atualmente apresenta uma série de deficiências, incluindo o não atendimento total da demanda, o número excessivo de pequenos locais e diversos consórcios não contíguos, que resultam em maiores custos de transporte e menor eficiência de escala. O objetivo desta pesquisa é otimizar o particionamento territorial para o Estado do Paraná com relação aos aterros sanitários definindo um número adequado de lugares capaz de atender à demanda e que minimize as distâncias a serem percorridas dos pontos de geração do lixo até o descarte. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas simulações em função do custo de transporte rodoviário dos resíduos, em que foram considerados os locais dos 171 aterros operacionais existentes no Estado. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de se alterarem algumas das capacidades das áreas de descarte existentes, além de se adicionarem 25 novas áreas para atender integralmente à demanda. Com isso, o gasto com transporte seria reduzido em cerca de 80% e o custo total, que inclui novas construções, ficaria reduzido em 57%, acarretando redução de gastos, além do aprimoramento na prestação do serviço e da atenuação do impacto ambiental.