Transport Mode Choice Research Articles

The role of personal norms in the choice of mode for commuting

Research in travel behavioural studies have shown that social forces play a significant role in travel decision making like socio-economic factors. Several studies have tested models with different subjective variables to investigate their effects on travel behaviour. Understanding the influence of social norm and personal norm on travel mode choice preference is essential in promoting sustainable travel, considering the reported importance of these social forces in decision-making. This study draws upon the theories underpinning these sociological constructs and the integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) framework to develop an ICLV model by incorporating social norm and personal norm as latent variables to investigate their impact on transport mode choice decisions. The results of the ICLV model is consistent with the findings in similar studies and extend the literature in transport mode choice modelling. The results indicate that internalised norms or personal norms have a significant influence on individual behaviour, and positively influence travel behaviour. This strengthens the claim that activated norms and pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) influence overt behaviour by inducing a sense of obligations to act. The results also suggest that individuals with pro-environmental attitude are likely to travel with sustainable travel modes. Thus, reinforcing the importance of sociological and psychological factors in decision-making. Unlike studies involving social norms and personal norms, this research is novel because it applies the ICLV framework to empirically investigate the impact of these sociological constructs on travel mode choice behaviour by incorporating them as latent variables in an ICLV model. The contribution of this study to the literature is that it shows that personal norm has a substantial positive impact on sustainable travel. The impact of this study could be situated in the framework of sustainable transport. The findings are relevant for policymaking, the development of policies meant to create awareness of the consequences of travel behaviour could promote the development of strong personal norms, and consequently influence travel decision making. This can be useful for promoting sustainable travel as the findings shed light on the characteristics of individuals most likely to travel by active modes or PT.

Cumbersome but desirable-Breaking the code of everyday cycling.

IntroductionCycling for transport could integrate physical activity (PA) into daily routines and potentially increase total PA levels. However, for parents with young children, most factors affecting transport mode choice tend to facilitate car use. Greater insight is necessary into reasons for (not) using sustainable transport modes in parents with young children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences, including motives, perceptions, attitudes, and norms, of parents of young children by using an e-bike, a longtail bike, and a traditional bike for everyday travel to the workplace, kindergarten, and the grocery store during the autumn, winter, and spring, in nine months.MethodsSemistructured focus group interviews were conducted with 18 parents of young children residing in southern Norway. Parents were recruited through Facebook announcements and direct contact with kindergartens, selected organisations, and companies in the Kristiansand municipality. Data were analysed by systematic text condensation by using NVivo V.11.ResultsParticipants’ experiences were summarised by three main themes: ‘cycling is cumbersome’, ‘cycling reflects the desirable me’, and ‘breaking the cycling code’. Time use, planning, logistics, wet and cold weather, long distances, and no cycling habit were frequently mentioned barriers, and the most notable facilitator was the children’s attitude towards cycling. In general, children loved to cycle and preferred cycling to driving. Additionally, the freedom and independence of cycling were emphasised and valued.ConclusionIn challenging weather conditions, parents of young children may experience cycling as cumbersome but desirable, and bike access could increase the feasibility of daily cycling.

Does Urban Security Modulate Transportation Choices and Travel Behavior of Citizens? A National Study in the Dominican Republic

Introduction: Traditionally, the scientific literature on urban and transportation dynamics addresses many topics, but the security-related outcomes of users remain a pending issue, especially in emerging countries and their cities. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that, especially in developing countries, security issues may influence people’s decision-making in the choice of transport means, daily urban-trip patterns and road behaviors of users. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the perceived security (in both urban environments and public transport systems) and the daily-travel behavior and trip patterns of the Dominican Republic population. Methods: This cross-sectional study, performed in 2019, analyzed data collected from 1,026 inhabitants from different cities of the Dominican Republic (54% females and 46% males), who completed a survey on security issues, travel behaviors and transportation-related habits. Results: The results of this research suggest that demographic factors, such as age, education and city/town size, and the safety perceived in the urban environment play a significant role in the choice of transportation modes, as well as in the participants’ experience as victims of crime-related incidents (either witnessing or suffering crime episodes on public transport or city streets) during urban trips performed over the last five years. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that perceived safety, in both urban environments and public transport systems, is a relevant issue affecting the daily transport-related patterns and behavioral choices of the Dominican Republic´s population. The results of this research might contribute to the strengthening of transport security planning, considering factors that are not traditionally kept in mind for policymaking in transportation dynamics.

Development of Subsidized Housing Scheme with Sustainable Transportation: A Case Study of Housing in the Urban Fringe of Semarang and Kendal

The increase in the price of buying houses by 23.77% in the first quarter of 2019 has caused severe challenges. This made the Indonesian government create a subsidized housing program through the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing No 21/PRT/M/2016. This is necessary because the existing subsidized housing is far from the city center and does not pay attention to integrated public transportation as well as the high use of private vehicles causing the value of the degree of saturation to reach 0.77 on housing access which makes the whole scheme environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the community to select a subsidized housing program and determine the design of its integration with sustainable transportation using simulation methods. The findings showed the most influential factors were accessibility and choice of transportation modes while the ideal simulation reported the use of integrated transportation in the construction of subsidized housing, by making all private vehicle passengers shift to public transportation in Kendal District reduced the highest saturation level (DS) from 0.77 to 0.07 and CO2 emissions by 47.71%. Therefore, the revision of government policies on integrated transportation in subsidized housing is recommended.

Development of a neighborhood drivability index and its association with transportation behavior

Abstract Background To develop and validate a drivability index for the City of Toronto and examine its association with transportation mode choice. Methods We used exploratory factor analysis to derive distinct factors (clusters of one or more environmental characteristics) that reflect the degree of car dependency in each neighborhood, drawing from candidate variables that capture density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, distance to transit, and demand management. Area-level factor scores were then combined into a single composite score, reflecting neighborhood drivability. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations were used to test the association between driveability quintiles (Q) and primary travel mode (>50% of trips by car, public transit, or walking/cycling) in a population-based sample of 63,766 Toronto residents enrolled in the Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS), adjusting for individual and household characteristics, and accounting for clustering of respondents within households. Results The drivability index consisted of three factors: Urban sprawl, pedestrian facilities and parking availability. Relative to those living in the least drivable neighborhoods (Q1), those in high drivability areas (Q5) had a significantly higher rate of car travel (adjusted rate ratio (RR):1.80,95%CI:1.77-1.88), and lower rate of public transit use (RR:0.90,95%CI:0.85-0.94) and walking/cycling (RR:0.22,95%CI:0.19-0.25). Associations were strongest for short trips (<3 km) and in analyses where both residential and workplace drivability was considered (RR for car use in high/high vs. low/low residential/workplace drivability: 2.18, CI:2.08-2.29). Conclusions This novel neighborhood drivability index predicted whether local residents drive or use active modes of transportation and can be used to investigate the association between drivability, physical activity, and chronic disease risk. Key messages The association between neighborhood drivability and car use was strongest for short trips. The drivability of the neighborhood where people work is a strong determinant of car use.

Application of a binary logistic model in the development of strategies to encourage sustainable transportation in medium-sized cities: case of study

O protagonismo das cidades de médio porte demográfico na economia e na dispersão populacional dos países em crescimento gera o desenvolvimento e a expansão acelerada destas cidades, evidenciando a necessidade de um eficiente planejamento de mobilidade sustentável. Como a sustentabilidade está baseada nos transportes, é importante compreender a influência que as características socioeconômicas e de deslocamentos diários exercem na forma de utilização dos transportes. Para identificar e quantificar o impacto dessas características na utilização dos transportes, este artigo propõe um método de auxílio à promoção da sustentabilidade no planejamento da mobilidade dessas cidades, baseado na força de associação das características inerentes à sociedade com a escolha do meio de transporte e no modelo de regressão logística. Através da aplicação do método, concluiu-se que a modelagem estatística das variáveis inerentes à população das cidades de médio porte demográfico pode auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas sustentáveis na área de mobilidade.

Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Public Health: A Conceptual Model and Policy Recommendations

Supporting policies are required to govern the (unintended) negative consequences of Autonomous Vehicle (AV) implementation and to maximize their benefits. The first step towards formulating policies is to identify the potential impacts of AVs. While the impacts of AVs on the economy, environment, and society are well explored, the discussion around their beneficial and adverse impacts on public health is still in its infancy. Based on evidence from previous systematic reviews about AVs’ impacts, we developed a conceptual model in this study to systematically identify the potential health impacts of AVs in cities. The proposed model, first, summarizes the potential changes in transportation after AV implementation into seven points of impact: (1) transportation infrastructure, (2) land use and the built environment, (3) traffic flow, (4) transportation mode choice, (5) transportation equity, (6) jobs related to transportation, and (7) traffic safety. Second, transportation-related risk factors that affect health are outlined. Third, information from the first two steps is consolidated, and the potential pathways between AVs and public health are formulated. Based on the proposed model, we found that AVs can impact public health through 32 pathways, of which 17 can adversely impact health, eight can positively impact health, and seven are uncertain. The health impacts of AVs are contingent upon supporting policies. Equipping AVs with electric motors, regulating urban area development, implementing traffic demand management strategies, controlling AV ownership, and imposing ride-sharing policies are some strategies that can reinforce the positive impacts of AVs on public health.

Transportation mode choice of workers in Cikupa Village, Cikupa Sub-district, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province

In carrying out a travel plan, people will have to consider a lot of things such as distance and their financial abilities as well as various other considerations so that they are able to pick the most suitable transportation mode to reach their destination. This includes making a trip to one’s workplace. This research was conducted in Cikupa Sub-district, which is a sub-district with the highest number of workers in Tangerang Regency, as well as an industrial central area surrounded by regular and irregular settlements with differences in settlement quality, derived from settlement patterns, accessibility, and existing facilities, resulting in differences in the choice of transportation modes for work. This study aimed to analyze the transportation mode choice by workers in Cikupa Village and the variables that influence it. The variables studied were the travel-based characteristics including travel costs, travel time, and distance traveled. Variables were processed and analyzed with spatial analysis methods supported by statistical methods of chi-square and contingency coefficient. The results showed that the majority of workers in Cikupa Sub-district use private vehicles, mainly motorcycle. The results of the statistical test indicated that the only variables that greatly influenced the choice of transportation modes are travel costs and travel time.

Perencanaan Distribusi, Pemilihan Moda Transportasi, dan Kelancaran Pengiriman Bantuan Darurat Bencana

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of logistics distribution planning and the choice of transportation modes on the delivery of disaster emergency assistance. The data collection method used a survey of 30 BNPB employees as respondent. Multiple regression method was used in this research. The result shows that there is influence of logistics emergency distribution relief and the choice of transportation modes has a significant positive effect and a strong relationship on the smooth delivery of disaster emergency assistance.

Out of the city – but how and where? A mode-destination choice model for urban–rural tourism trips in Austria

ABSTRACT Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban–rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.

Determinants of transport mode choice in metropolitan areas the case of the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico

The following paper examines the determinants of transport mode choice for trips in the Metropolitan Area of the Mexican Valley. Using a data set from the Mexican household travel survey (Encuesta Origen - Destino) conducted in 2017 and multinomial logistic regression, the influence of transportation supply, spatial characteristics and socio-economic factors on individual mode choice is estimated. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of mobility behaviour in the Metropolitan Area of the Mexican Valley with this newly developed data set.The main findings show that a better Mass Rapid Transit infrastructure is not consistently positively associated with the likelihood of using this service. While a better road infrastructure is promoting the use of Mass Rapid Transit services over driving, it is negatively linked with the likelihood of walking and bicycling. These slow modes are mainly interfered with the distance to the city centre: the further away from the centre, the higher the likelihood of walking and bicycling instead of using the car.With respect to socio-economic characteristics of individuals, women and the young found to have a higher likelihood of using public transport than the car. In contrast, having children is negatively associated with the likelihood of using public transport. Moreover, a higher education of individuals is found to be positively associated with car use, while car availability is negatively associated with all other transport mode options.

Logit Model for Transportation Mode Choice in Berau Regency East Kalimantan

In big cities thousands of public transportation is very easy to find because it fills the streets and can cause traffic jams. Another case that occurred in Berau District, public transportation was almost non-existent. On the streets private vehicles and transport companies dominate. The number of public transport fleets such as city transportation and buses, is very small in number. Berau Regency has many attractions, but tourists will find it difficult to find public transportation. This study aims to determine the selection of transportation mode choice in Berau Regency using the logit model with the assumed road users choose to use public transport or private transportation. Travel attributes that influence mode choice in Berau district are travel time, transportation costs, space availability, comfort and safety. The cost of private transportation is the same as the cost of public transportation, which is about 79% of people who will still choose to use private transportation. This condition will be achieved if the cost of public transportation is 1.4 times cheaper than the cost of private transportation.

Binary classification with covariate selection through ℓ0-penalised empirical risk minimisation

Summary We consider the problem of binary classification with covariate selection. We construct a classification procedure by minimising the empirical misclassification risk with a penalty on the number of selected covariates. This optimisation problem is equivalent to obtaining an ℓ0-penalised maximum score estimator. We derive probability bounds on the estimated sparsity as well as on the excess misclassification risk. These theoretical results are nonasymptotic and established in a high-dimensional setting. In particular, we show that our method yields a sparse solution whose ℓ0-norm can be arbitrarily close to true sparsity with high probability and obtain the rates of convergence for the excess misclassification risk. We implement the proposed procedure via the method of mixed-integer linear programming. Its numerical performance is illustrated in Monte Carlo experiments and a real data application of the work-trip transportation mode choice.

Navigating through the complex transport system: A heuristic approach for city tourism recommendation

The fast development of machine learning and artificial intelligence has led to a great improvement of the smart tourism recommendation system, however many problems associated with the choice of transport modes in city tourism have yet to be solved. This research attempts to address this issue by proposing a model of customized day itineraries with consideration of transport mode choice. With improved particle swarm optimization and differential evolution algorithm, a nondominated sorting heuristic approach was devised. A case study was carried out in Chengdu, China to examine the performance of our approach. The results show that compared with extant methods, our approach achieves better performance. In addition, our approach can create more sensible, multifarious, and customized itineraries than previous methods. Tourism organizations and mobile map app providers could integrate our proposed model into their existing smart service systems, as part of their e-business or digital strategy for enhancing tourist experience.

Measuring Accessibility of Healthcare Facilities for Populations with Multiple Transportation Modes Considering Residential Transportation Mode Choice

Accessibility research of healthcare facilities is developing towards multiple transportation modes (MTM), which are influenced by residential transportation choices and preferences. Due to differences in travel impact factors such as traffic conditions, origin location, distance to the destination, and economic cost, residents’ daily travel presents different residential transportation mode choices (RTMC). The purpose of our study was to measure the spatial accessibility of healthcare facilities based on MTM considering RTMC (MTM-RTMC). We selected the gravity two-step floating catchment area method (G2SFCA) as a fundamental model. Through the single transportation mode (STM), MTM, and MTM-RTMC, three aspects used to illustrate and redesign the G2SFCA, we obtained the MTM-RTMC G2SFCA model that integrates RTMC probabilities and the travel friction coefficient. We selected Nanjing as the experimental area, used route planning data of four modes (including driving, walking, public transportation, and bicycling) from a web mapping platform, and applied the three models to pediatric clinic services to measure accessibility. The results show that the MTM-RTMC mechanism is to make up for the traditional estimation of accessibility, which loses sight of the influence of residential transportation choices. The MTM-RTMC mechanism that provides a more realistic and reliable way can generalize to major accessibility models and offers preferable guidance for policymakers.

Sustainable, multimodal and reliable supply chain design

Emerging issues and new challenges of globalization have forced companies to design their supply chains for not only minimizing cost but also considering other factors. Supply chains are exposed to new environmental regulations to reduce their carbon emissions and compelled to consider other overlooked factors, such as risk. In this paper, we consider a multi-echelon multimodal supply chain network design problem with multiple products and components that take economic, environmental and risk factors into account. The problem is modeled as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model and constrained by a carbon cap-and-trade scheme and a risk threshold. This novel problem realistically portrays the supply chain network design considering sustainability and reliability factors simultaneously. The proposed model has been tested on randomly generated hypothetical but realistic test instances. The impacts of different risk thresholds and unit carbon prices on the supply chain cost, risk and emissions are analyzed. The effects of multimodal transportation modes on cost, risk and emissions are also tested. Results prove that using multimodal transportation decreases supply chain cost and carbon emission. In addition, the total supply chain cost and carbon emission increase if the decision maker is risk-averse. The choice of transportation modes is sensitive only to emission levels.

Dependence between travel distance, individual socioeconomic and health-related characteristics, and the choice of the travel mode: a cross-sectional study for Kaunas, Lithuania

The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between individual socioeconomic and health-related characteristics, travel distance, and the choice of different travel modes in urban population. A cross-sectional study included 932 adults of Kaunas city, Lithuania. The choice of the travel mode and individual characteristics were self-reported by the participants, and their travel routes were calculated using the geographic information system. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the most significant factors determining the choice of a car, cycling, walking, or public transport. In total, 529 participants reported using a car, of whom 65.8% had medium or high education levels. These participants were more likely to be younger, male, married, and employed. Among bicycle users, statistically significant differences between the employment status, body mass index, and travel distance were observed. Walkers were significantly more likely to be older, those with lower incomes, unemployed, and travelling the shortest distances. The analysis of the travel distance on the choice of the travel mode revealed that men travelled longer distances with a car compared to women. The employment status was significantly associated with travel distance by car or public transport. Employed individuals travelled longer distances by public transport or by car, compared to unemployed individuals. Among bicycle users, we found that people with higher levels of education and overweight individuals cycled the longest distances. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering different individual characteristics when analysing the choice of transport modes. It provides evidence that is relevant for all urban populations on the choice of the transport mode, particularly considering active versus passive transport.

Study on land port path optimization based on improved genetic algorithm

In the face of the development of supply chain globalization, Whether it is the choice of goods clearance or transportation mode, the establishment of land waterless port for product transportation, rapid customs clearance, convenient enterprises have a great role. Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of land ports in China, the paper uses improved genetic algorithm to optimize the previous transportation paths. This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of waterless ports in China so as to optimize the previous transportation paths by using improved genetic algorithm. Through continuous iterative optimization, the collection paths are shortened and the no-load rate is reduced, so as to make full and reasonable use of transport vehicles, provide better service for enterprises and reduce more costs for waterless ports.

Exploring the Relationship between Transport Interventions, Mode Choice, and Travel Perception: An Empirical Study in Beijing, China.

Transport interventions help to facilitate the sustainable travel behavior. The effects of transport interventions on travel choices have been addressed extensively. However, little research has been devoted to the influence of transport interventions and travel choice on travel perception. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three aspects. Two intervention measures, information intervention and public transport service improvement, were selected. Intervention experiments were designed to collect mode choice and corresponding travel perception in different experiment stages. Process models of information intervention and public transport service improvement were proposed. The results show that information intervention only had a minor effect on mode choice and had no direct effect on travel perception. Public transport service improvement in in-vehicle time and comfort enhanced public transport use dramatically. Comfort improvement also had positive effects on travel perception. Walking had positive and public transport trips had negative effects on travel perception. For travelers who had a high evaluation of car trips, the probability of green mode use would decrease. Travelers who gave high marks to trips by green mode would have a higher probability to keep traveling by green mode. This study contributes to facilitating public transport use and enhancing positive perception during traveling.

Determinants of Passenger Transport Modal Choice- A Case of Harare to Gaborone Route

The study sought to find out what determines passenger choice of transport in cross boarder mobility looking specifically at socio-economic and travel characteristics. This was achieved with the use of methodological triangulation approach not only involving qualitative and quantitative methodology but other sources of data collection such as questionnaire administration and in-depth interviews. A sample of 30 respondents travelling from Harare to Gaborone were considered and selected from buses, private vehicles, train and air transport in Harare. The analysis began with the socio-economic and travel characteristics of respondents as to indicate which of these socio-economic and travel characteristics predominates in the study area. More so, the results of socio-economic, travel characteristics and reasons were cross tabulated with modal choice on the route. The significant relationship between respondents’ socio-economic, travel characteristics and reasons with modal choice was ascertained by using Pearson’s chi-square test. The results of the study revealed that there are three modes of transport available for passengers from Harare to Gaborone route which are road, rail and air. The most preferred mode of transport amongst them is road, followed by rail and then air. Major determinants of modal choice are, speed, cost, travel time, comfort, safety, reliability and the customer service given by the operator. Keywords: modal choice, cross border, passengers, route choice, Harare, Gaborone, transportation mode DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-12-01 Publication date: June 30th 2020