City Transportation Research Articles

Emerging trends for urban freight transport-The potential for sustainable micromobility.

Active transportation referring to non-motorized modes of transport is promoted and popularized both in practice and in the scientific literature, while their use for urban freight transport has been largely neglected. Thus the main scope of the paper is to indicate the development potential of micromobility use in urban freight transport and to check its influence on urban sustainability. The authors have hypothesized that active means of transport, with a focus on micromobility, have great development potential in freight transportation in cities. The implemented methods for analyzing the relationship between users' characteristics, micromobility, and its impact on urban sustainable development, were logit and probit modelling. The authors' system includes an analysis of factors connected with the topics of sustainability and micromobilty, that have met an essential scientific gap that this paper addresses. Logistic (logit) regression is used mainly for binary, ordinal, and multi-level outcomes to find the probability of success (i.e. occurrence of some event). Probit regression, however, is primarily used in binary response models and assumes the normal distribution of data. The main finding of the article has led the authors to the statement that active means of transport, including micromobility have great development potential in freight transportation in cities. Knowledge of the acceptance of micromobility solutions is essential for municipal authorities in shaping the development of urban transport systems. Thus proper strategies and actions need to be prioritized to leverage the sustainability-related co-benefits of active transport.

Assessing the impacts of connected-and-autonomous vehicle management strategy on the environmental sustainability of urban expressway system

Urban expressway network has become essential for over 30% of road trips in urban areas, making them significant in shaping environmental sustainability. Recently connected-and-autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology is expected to significantly transform the urban expressway systems, but little attention has been attributed to quantitatively assessing the impacts of managing CAV in mixed traffic flow on urban expressway environmental sustainability. To address this research gap, this study proposes a comprehensive simulation-optimization framework. The simulation component involves multiclass cell transmission model that simulates and evaluates the traffic flow of mixed human-driven vehicles and CAVs on the expressway, whereas the optimization component proposes a novel management strategy that jointly considers the dedicated lanes and speed management. An analytical tool is developed and validated in North-South Elevated Expressway in Shanghai, China, and further investigated the sensitivity of environmental impacts to vehicle headway, travel demand, and CAV market penetration rate. The results indicate that use of the proposed tool can reduce the total fuel consumption and exhaust emissions compared to baseline scenario. Overall, the insights from this study are valuable for policymakers of transportation in future cities, who develop management strategies on urban expressways that enhance the potential impact of CAVs on environmental sustainability.

Sustainable urban development and the role of mega-projects: Experts’ view about Madrid Nuevo Norte Project

The present paper discusses the case of the Madrid Nuevo Norte Project (MNNP) in order to examine the relation of this mega-project with the city’s sustainable development. For this reason, the study used a qualitative approach using semi-structural interviews with experts (Madrid’s town hall, Madrid State, and the program management office and other external) that relayed strongly with MNNP. The expert panel requirements are split in six expertise areas: sustainability, urban development, urban planning, government or public affairs, project management or Madrid Nuevo Norte (MNN) key stakeholders. The study highlighted the vital importance of MNNP as a flagship sustainable project for the rest of Europe, that meets sustainability criteria for contributing substantially in the improvement of the quality of life of final users and for the community in general. For instance, it contributes to the regeneration of the city’s degraded area, to the interconnection of an isolated part of the city and public transportation connection, improving the external image of Madrid. Despite of it, there are some challenges that should be carefully managed such as applying sustainable solutions from other cities not properly tailored to Madrid, housing pricing accessibility increase due to the lack of terrain in Madrid and the politization of the project as discussion topic between local parties. In this context, local authorities should give particular emphasis in complying with the principles of sustainability for improving the overall performance of MNNP, ensuring social justice and prosperity for the people of Madrid.

Assessment of the influence of the indicators of providing the quality of the transportation service of the city passenger enterprise on the transportation behavior of consumers in the city of Kyiv

Methods. The research results were obtained by applying a number of scientific approaches and methods, such as: multiple correlation – to determine satisfaction with the provided transport service of a trip by city passenger transport; the method of graphic factor analysis using the attributes of the quality of the transport service – to determine the quality of the process of providing the transport service and the quality of the result of receiving the transport service; methods of analysis, grouping – for the systematization of scientific and methodological approaches, determination of key indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of managerial influence on improving the quality of transport services for certain segments of customers of the city passenger carrier. Results. Evaluation of the relationship «quality – satisfaction» cannot be only point-wise: it is necessary to take into account at what point in time during the service process and how exactly a certain attribute of the quality of transportation affected a person’s impression. The short-term and continuous nature of the transport service for the transportation of passengers in the city makes it possible to evaluate its overall quality as an impression accumulated under the influence of attributes. Analysis of the dynamics of such accumulation allows identifying priority areas of management influence aimed at improving quality for individual segments of the city carrier’s customers. Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the method of measuring the overall perceived quality of a trip through the city by isolating the quality of each of its attributes, the quality of its process, and the result, which made it possible to compare estimates of the level of quality of trips through the city for drivers of private cars and passengers of city transport, which meets the market requirements for quality of transport service provision. Practical value. The results of the study are of an applied nature, since the study of directions for evaluating the quality of the provided transport service in megacities will ensure the systematic application of tools with the stabilization of management approaches.

Exploring Activity Patterns and Trip Purposes of Public Transport Passengers from Smart Card Data

With the development of technology, there is an increasing number of automatically collected data sources applied in human mobility research. Although these data sets can record travel spatiotemporal information, the semantical information of travel cannot be reflected, e.g., activity pattern or trip purpose. In this paper, we proposed a methodological framework to explore the activity patterns and trip purposes of public transit riders using smart card data in an unsupervised way. First, the heuristic rules are proposed to identify home/working activity based on the multidays travel regularity of passengers. Second, we use a modified latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model to explore the activity patterns for the remaining activities based on four activity attributes (including arrival time, duration, day of the week, and destination station functional attribute). In this model, the trip attributes of each passenger are considered as a word in the document with specific topics that correspond to different activity characteristics, based on which the trip purpose of each topic is inferred to interpret travel behavior. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using transit smart card data from Beijing. The performance of our model is compared with two baselines based on perplexity and the result shows that our model achieved the best. Besides, the proportions of inferred trip purposes are compared to the values from travel survey in 2020 Beijing Transport Development Annual Report. The reliability of the results is further confirmed. This work can be extended to other automated travel datasets without ground-truth labels and used to understand and predict travel demand.Practical ApplicationsThis paper proposes an integrated methodological framework to using trip records to explore activity behavior and infer the trip purpose of public transport passenger from smart card data in an unsupervised way. The methodology is implemented on the smart card data in Beijing and demonstrated the availability. The results show that the performance of our model is superior to the other two baselines, moreover, the proportions of inferred different trip purposes are approximate to the ground-truth data from travel survey in the 2020 Beijing Transport Development Annual Report. The methodology can be extended to other automated travel datasets without ground-truth labels and the result can be used to understand and predict travel demand. The study makes it possible to enrich human mobility data, which eventually would be meaningful for comprehensive city transport planning and management and can initiate a new wave of innovative applications in the public transit network, such as passenger portrayal and targeted advertising.

Analysis of Performance Measurement Using the Value For Money Method at Departments in the City of Bogor

Performance in government agencies is very important to know how well programs and activities are implemented each year. This research was conducted to measure the performance of government agencies using the Value For Money method at the Bogor City Transportation Service. This research aims to determine the performance of the Bogor City Transportation Department for the 2019-2021 period in terms of three elements, namely; economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The research design with the data used is LAKIP and LRA for the 2019-2021 period with data analysis tools using the VFM method. The research results show that the performance of the Bogor City Transportation Department for the 2019-2021 period of performance measurement is categorized as very good. Based on the VFM method, in terms of the economic level in 2019-2021, it is categorized as very economical, in terms of the efficiency level in 2019-2021, it is categorized as inefficient, in terms of the level of effectiveness of the performance measurement results in 2019-2021, it is categorized as very effective.

Cumulatively Anticipative Car-Following Model with Enhanced Safety for Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Driver Environments

The contribution of autonomous vehicles to traffic is one of the key aspects of future ground transportation in smart cities. Autonomous vehicles are able to provide many benefits, but some benefits can only provide advantages if these vehicles comprise a large percent of on the road/driven vehicles, which may take decades. Until then, the robotic drivers in autonomous vehicles will share the same road system with human divers in a mixed-driver environment where the majority of road accidents for autonomous vehicles are associated with the operational inconsistency of human drivers. In this paper, a cumulatively anticipative car-following model (which considers cumulative influences from multiple preceding vehicles) is developed to potentially improve the safety of autonomous vehicles in mixed-driver environments that benefit from enhanced communication between the autonomous vehicles and other components in the transportation system. Through intensive simulations (200 simulations), this study comprehensively evaluates four models including the cumulative anticipative car-following model, the Wiedemann 99 model, adaptive cruise control, and the cooperative adaptive cruise control model. Across 10 scenarios and five speed limits (24.59–33.53 m/s), the cumulative anticipative car-following model consistently demonstrates superior conflict reduction, with average, maximum, and minimum conflict percentages ranging from 77.69% to 91.97% against the Wiedemann 99 model, 67.00% to 93.94% against the adaptive cruise control model, and 69.17% to 93.25% against the cooperative adaptive cruise control model. Notably, the cooperative adaptive cruise control model exhibits suboptimal performance, especially in mixed-driver settings. The cumulative anticipative car-following model also enhances vehicle mobility, reducing average stops by up to 93.54%, 91.74%, 92.04%, 88.60%, and 91.35% in comparison to the other three models at speeds of 24.59 m/s, 26.82 m/s, 29.06 m/s, 31.29 m/s, and 33.53 m/s. Overall, the cumulative anticipative car-following model holds significant potential for conflict reduction and traffic enhancement.

Understanding the Spatiotemporal Impacts of the Built Environment on Different Types of Metro Ridership: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

As the backbone of passenger transportation in many large cities around the world, it is particularly important to explore the association between the built environment and metro ridership to promote the construction of smart cities. Although a large number of studies have explored the association between the built environment and metro ridership, they have rarely considered the spatial and temporal heterogeneity between metro ridership and the built environment. Based on metro smartcard data, this study used EM clustering to classify metro stations into five clusters based on the spatiotemporal travel characteristics of the ridership at metro stations. And the GBDT model in machine learning was used to explore the nonlinear association between the built environment and the ridership of different types of stations during four periods in a day (morning peak, noon, evening peak, and night). The results confirm the obvious spatial heterogeneity of the built environment’s impact on the ridership of different types of stations, as well as the obvious temporal heterogeneity of the impact on stations of the same type. In addition, almost all built environment factors have complex nonlinear effects on metro ridership and exhibit obvious threshold effects. It is worth noting that these findings will help the correct decisions be made in constructing land use measures that are compatible with metro functions in smart cities.

Road construction and air pollution: Analysis of road area ratio in China

Faced with complex air pollution and traffic congestion, the road area ratio has gradually gained great importance in society and government. It is the ratio introduced from the field of road design and road engineering, but to study the efficiency of city planning and transportation recently. However, few studies have been conducted to study the relationship between urban congestion and pollution in the view of improving road area ratio. This paper investigated the effect of increasing the relative capacity of urban roads, i.e., road area ratio, on urban air pollution using panel data from cities in China from 2006 to 2018. In addition, the road area ratio can be further decomposed to explore the inner logic of pollution from congestion. Thus, we also explored whether the insufficient network density or width caused the pollution from congestion. We found that an increasing urban road area ratio significantly reduced air pollution, regardless of whether or not the impact of surrounding cities is included. Moreover, only an increased road density can increase traffic efficiency and reduce congestion emissions, which should be the priority of future traffic construction. The effect of increasing road width is not significant.

The influence of job accessibility on individual labor income: Evidence for the City of Recife, Brazil

Focused on the city of Recife, the fourth most densely populated state capital in Brazil, this study uses a probit model and precise and unique information about individuals' residential and job locations to estimate the effect of job accessibility on the individual probability of being a low-wage worker. To deal with the potential endogeneity of the job accessibility measure, we consider an instrumental variable based on the historical railways of the city. The results indicate that better job accessibility significantly reduces the chance of being a low-wage worker, and this effect is stronger for individuals using private vehicles than for those using public transport. The evidence indicates that the spatial location of an individual's residence matters for its labor market results and is consistent with the poor functioning of the city's public transport system.

Perception of persons with disabilities groups on accessibility and connectivity of public transportation infrastructure in kuala lumpur, malaysia

Physical and attitudinal barriers have been identified as systemic failings in public transportation, resulting in a plethora of impediments that obstruct the travel of city residents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of designated groups of people with disabilities (PWD) regarding the accessibility of public transportation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in order to improve the city's public transportation system as a whole. This research strategy involves obtaining qualitative data from five distinct PWD groups, totalling twenty (20) respondents, using focus group discussion techniques four (4) individuals with physical disabilities, five (5) who are blind or partially sighted, three with learning disabilities, three older persons, and five who are deaf). The findings from the focus group discussions were organised into themes, categories, and codes. The results revealed that the PWD respondents had negative perceptions of the facilities, services, and safety of the public transportation system, particularly among those in the physical, blind, and learning disability categories. Standard operating procedures (24.12%), the design of public transportation vehicles (15.99%), and the design of transportation buildings (13.95%) were identified as the primary concerns. Additionally, the following recommendations were made; enhancing facilities and the built environment and educating the general public on the importance of creating a barrier-free environment. Understanding the perceptions of PWD toward the public transportation system in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia paves the way for an inclusive and seamless transport system in the equitable society of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, thereby fostering trust and confidence in the system, especially among PWD groups.

A Critical Assessment of Master Development Plan and Landscape Pattern of Jaipur City

There are various factors that influence the land use/land cover changes and spatial pattern of the landscape. The land use/land cover categories of existing land use map-2009 and master development plan-2025 are reorganized into 8 land use/land cover categories to measure the changes if everything goes according to the Master Development Plan-2025. The ArcGIS 10.3 and Erdas 14 software have been used to generate statistics and maps. The Fragstats 4.2 software has been used to analyse the indices of the landscape pattern. The urban area (i.e. Jaipur city region, satellite towns, and transport corridors) was 19.94% in MDP-2011 that is expected to increase to 54.3% in MDP-2025. During 2009-2025 the JDA aims to increase built-up from 48.79% to 72.95% in JMC. The ecological area is also expected to increase from 24.55% (MDP-2011) to 30.4% (MDP-2025). The rural area is expected to decrease significantly from 55.51% (MDP-2011) to 15.31% (MDP-2025). Thematic change dynamics reveal that in the JMC most of the agricultural land and vacant land will be converted into built-up, urban greenery, and institutional land. The landscape metrics analysis reveals that land use conversion is reducing the diversity of land use/land cover patches but patches are being more spatially aggregated. The diversity and heterogeneity of patches will reduce but the aggregation of patches will cause an increase in the patch size.

Terminal Goan Hoat: Sejarah dan Perannya Dalam Sistem Transportasi Di Padang (1972-2004).

The results of this study explain the history of the Goan Hoat Terminal at Pasar Raya Padang (1972-2004), supported by the condition of the terminal in Pasar Raya. The discussion on the Goan Hoat Terminal is divided into several parts, namely the Goan Hoat Terminal Before 1972 and the Goan Hoat Terminal as the City Transport Terminal (Angkot) in 1972-2004. Before 1972 the Goan Hoat Terminal was the only Inter-City In-Province Terminal (AKDP) in Padang City. In 1972-2004 the Goan Hoat Terminal was converted into a City Transportation Terminal (Angkot). During the reign of Mayor Fauzi Bahar, the city of Padang underwent a change in the Spatial Planning of the City of Padang which resulted in the Goan Hoat Terminal being converted again as a place of modern heaven known as the Central Pasar Raya Plaza (SPR Plaza) and the government moved the Aia Mancur Roundabout in front of the Muhammadiyah Mosque as a gathering place for all types of public transportation in Padang City which resulted in congestion at Pasar Raya Padang.

Gendered Dimensions of Transport and Women's Social Exclusion in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

This paper explores the gendered dimensions of transport in Abidjan and how transport dynamics influence women's out-of-home activity participation, leading to their social exclusion. By using a gender-sensitive analysis approach, the research revealed that Abidjan City's transportation system is inadvertently gendered and excludes vulnerable people and women. The findings highlighted transport availability, affordability and reliability as key factors impacting women's opportunities and out-of-home activity participation. And revealed that women's mobility, safety, economic and social well-being are significantly affected.
 
 The research recommends targeted interventions to bridge the gender gap; and particularly to improve women's mobility through safe, reliable and affordable public transport. Gender-sensitive transport planning and policies can be adopted by urban planners and policymakers to promote women's empowerment, social inclusion and safety in Abidjan and surrounding metropolitan areas. These proposals contribute to equitable access to transport services for all citizens specifically women, which is essential for the city's social and economic development. The research addresses therefore a significant gap in transport-related social exclusion studies on African cities, by offering insights to improve transportation planning and policy in similar urban contexts.

Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) Communication: Integrating Blockchain into V2X and IoT for Next-Generation Transportation Systems

As smart transportation systems evolve, secure and efficient V2X communication between vehicles and infrastructure becomes crucial. This paper introduces a Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) communication architecture, leveraging blockchain technology for transparent and decentralized interactions. Our work contributes to the integration of blockchain into V2X and IoT for next-generation transportation systems. We propose several novel blockchain use cases, including a blockchain-based vehicle ownership system based on the multi-token standard, a vehicle scoring system, blockchain–IoT integration, and a decentralized ticket management system for transportation services. The architecture addresses key aspects, such as data integration, validity, and secure messaging, and introduces a decentralized payment system and marketplace for transportation in smart cities. We specifically emphasize the technical implementation of smart contracts for these use cases, underscoring their role in ensuring robust and reliable interactions. Through our decentralized approach, we pave the way for a transformative transportation ecosystem that is adaptable, resilient, and capable of meeting the evolving needs of smart cities.

EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN KEPEGAWAIAN DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA SURABAYA

This study aims to provide information about the effectiveness of the personnel management information system at the Surabaya City Transportation Service. The benefits of this management information system research aim to make it easier for employees to find information about personal data. And with the management information system, work becomes more effective and efficient. The research method used is a qualitative research type. The data collection techniques used in this research are interviews and documentation, the researcher will examine the object of his study by holding direct interactions with informants. The focus of the research used in this study is how the effectiveness of the Surabaya Transportation Agency's personnel management information system is analyzed using 2 variables to measure the effectiveness of the management information system, namely innovative applications and information resources. The research location which is the place for the author to conduct research is the Surabaya City Transportation Service. The results showed that the Management Information System is very important for the employees of the Surabaya City Transportation Service because the work becomes more effective and efficient.
 Keywords: Effectiveness, System, Information, Management, Personnel.

Energy-Efficient City Transportation Solutions in the Context of Energy-Conserving and Mobility Behaviours of Generation Z

Undertaking various activities aimed at sustainable development, especially energy conservation, is becoming one of the challenges of modern economies, including developing urban areas. One of the most widely promoted activities is designing and implementing energy-conserving solutions for urban mobility. People play a vital role in this regard, especially young people, represented here by Generation Z. Their attitudes and behaviours regarding sustainability can significantly impact the effectiveness of energy-efficient technological solutions. The purpose of this article is to examine the nature of the relationship between the assessment of the importance of energy-efficient transportation solutions available in the city and the attitudes and behaviours of representatives of Generation Z relating to the idea of sustainability, broken down into two categories, i.e., energy-conserving behaviour and mobility. In this study, a diagnostic survey method was used. Based on the literature review, we designed a research tool in the form of a questionnaire. Four hundred and ninety representatives of Generation Z participated in the study. To verify the hypotheses, first, a qualitative analysis was carried out for the three study areas using measures of central tendency; then, a correlation analysis was performed based on Pearson’s chi-square independence test, and to determine the strength of the relationship, the following symmetric measures were used: Cramer’s V and the Contingency Coefficient. The normalisation of the data, giving them a quantitative character, allowed the possibility of examining the correlation using Pearson’s test and the directionality of the analysed relationships based on simple and multiple linear regression results. Ananalys is of the obtained results allows us to conclude that energy-related sustainable behaviours in the acquisition of electrical appliances, their use and disposal, and mobility-related energy-conserving behaviours, resulting from the choice of means of transportation for moving in the city, influence the assessment of the importance of available energy-efficient mobility solutions. City administrations could use the study results as a guideline for the implementation of energy-conserving solutions in urban transportation, as well as the planning and promotion of appropriate activities related to the mobility of Generation Z, that are adequate to the attitudes and behaviours of young people.

Alternative Methods of Replacing Electric Batteries in Public Transport Vehicles

Current electric vehicle solutions offer the possibility of a fully electrified bus fleet, although due to financial constraints, most cities cannot afford it. Therefore, the possibility of battery replacement is a needed alternative to the electrification process of a city’s bus fleet. The aim of this study is to investigate the needs of cities and present the concept of battery replacement in an electric bus. The research was based on two groups of selected Polish cities: (1) up to 150,000 inhabitants, and (2) up to 1 million inhabitants. The research part includes an analysis of the means of transport in provincial cities in Poland, an analysis of the kilometers covered by the city fleet, the average distances covered by buses per day, and an estimate of the number of battery replacements. The concept is based on current technological solutions. The description of the concept includes the proposed battery and the technology used, the placement of the battery in the vehicle, and the replacement scheme. Research indicates that the concept can be used with existing technology but will be more justifiable for a larger city due to the higher fleet load. The paper shows the importance of researching bus electrification solutions and that modern solutions can improve existing urban networks in cities.

METHODS AND MODELS FOR FORMATION A PORTFOLIO OF URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS BASED ON THE SMART PORT CITY CONCEPT

Renovation of public transport fleets was carried out in different cities of the state before the outbreak of hostilities. In year 2020 "Urban public transport of Ukraine II" project was approved by the Government. Among eighteen cities-participants of this project, Odessa was the only one that had a maritime transport usage option. However, the specifics of the territorial location and the experience accumulated by the previous decades in the maritime coastal communications were not taken into account by that project. This article aims to study the specific features of the city's transport infrastructure development projects portfolio formation with the involvement of the off-street transport modes (including its maritime component), based on the latest Smart Port City concept, which reflects the harmonious targeting of the city and port development main directions. Results. Smart City is the concept, which encourages innovative solutions to the management of all transport types at a particular city level. The carried-out goals systematization reflects the involvement of the city's public administration and commercial players into the initiation of projects intended to enhance the use of off-street transport types. The ability to initiate a wide range of projects is provided by Smart Port concept to cities where the port operation role is decisive. The combination of these two concepts is presented in the form of Smart Port City, which contains the foundation for a significant number of project initiatives for new products and services in the promising areas of city and port development, improving the quality of urban environment and the port production operations efficiency results. Conclusions. The approach to determine projects structure, which is based on a system of objectives to resolve the city transport problems and ensure the port development, has been proposed. The formalized procedure of projects selection to the portfolio from the Smart Port City perspective has been developed, which allows: first, − to identify projects that match the city and the port general goals; second, − to produce a rating system for the city and the port projects respectively; third, – given the set threshold value, to identify the projects with the highest priority.

Time-varying road network design for urban hazmat transportation

Hazmat transportation in cities faces significant risks that may cause catastrophic losses to humans. From the perspective of the regulator, the main responsibility is to mitigate hazmat transport risk by determining the availability of road networks to hazmat carriers. Based on the time-variant population distribution, the hazmat transport risk was assessed via the total population exposure associated with the resident and variable populations at different times. We propose a risk-minimizing urban hazmat road network design model for multiple types of hazmats, considering time-varying traffic. The model was applied to a realistic case study of hazmat transportation in a densely populated urban area with complex traffic in Shanghai, China.