Transport Technology Research Articles

Objective-Subjective CRITIC-MARCOS Model for Selection Forklift in Internal Transport Technology Processes

In today transport technology processes, forklifts are one of the most important equipment for making handling operations in order to increase sustainability. They have a large influence in achieving the efficiency and sustainability of internal transport. According to the previous studies, and based on the current needs of the company, skills, and knowledge of managers, criteria, and alternatives for evaluating forklifts were created. The paper aims to create an integrated decision-making model to improve the company's technological processes. The objective CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) approach was used to determine the criteria weights which are a combination of economic, technological, technical and environmental criteria. MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) approach was applied to select the most suitable forklift in transport technology processes. Results show that A4 forklift is the most suitable, and the A1 forklift is the worst variant. Apart from this, sensitivity and comparative analysis have been done in order to verify the initial results.

Pedagogy of Rethinking: Teaching Students to Transform Conventional Professional Practices to Sustainable Ones

Sustainable development serves an umbrella concept for the transformation of individual and professional life. Students of higher educational institutions must acquire the skills of sustainable decision making and practicing, which will be applied in their working place. They might face problems in changing the existing professional practices to sustainable ones. The experience of ESD methods application in the universities of Ukraine, Poland, and Latvia was analysed in order to define common challenges and issues encountered by the supervisors of the courses, which included design of a project. The courses with projects were taught to the students of all three education levels with various backgrounds: Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Transport Technologies, and Management. The central idea of those projects was to transform chosen industrial and managerial practices to ones aligned with the SDGs. A self-assessment of course results, comparative analysis of methods and approaches used yield a list of recommendations and methods that contribute to the rethinking capacity for transformation of any professional field practices towards the principles of sustainability. In particular, it is clear that the project course should be co-created using transformative learning approach and “flipped classroom” to stimulate generation of students’ ideas. Equally important is to adapt SDGs to each professional field not only highlighting their varied applicability but also conceptual equivalence. The important result of project-based learning is also action competence of students, being ready and interested to implement sustainability principles in their work and see them as options for entrepreneurship and business development.

Nic Leonhardt. Theatre Across Oceans: Mediators of Transatlantic Exchange (1890–1925).

This book provides an account of four transatlantic theatre agents active from 1890 to 1925, examining the enabling conditions for their work. It reveals a hitherto hidden infrastructure of networked people and technologies of transport, communication, and media, which facilitated the international expansion of the entertainment industry in this era.

The public perception of adopting hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are leading as alternative energy-saving vehicles that replace non-renewable energy use and support sustainable transport systems for developing and developed countries. Public adoption of new transport technologies is vital for the successful evolution of a sustainable energy system. Previous studies have focused more on people’s attitudes towards hydrogen energy as alternative fuel energy. This article aims to assess the public perception of the adoption of HFCV in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The overall results of this study found that demand-side action for HFCV among the public is influenced by supply-side aspects, including support infrastructure, characteristics of HFCV, operational costs, safety concerns, competitive markets, and the social equilibrium of the innovation. The current study also found that most respondents have a scant idea of the environmental benefits of using HFCV. The evidence from this study suggests that stakeholders should educate the public regarding the benefits of HFCV - an essential step when adopting new technologies. It is timely to seek innovative solutions and address appropriate policies for both energy security and environmental concerns globally in the transportation sector for the sake of present and future sustainability. Keywords: Alternative energy-saving vehicles, energy security, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles, public perception, public adoption, sustainable transport system

Development of an Artificially Intelligent Nanopore for High-Throughput DNA Sequencing with a Machine-Learning-Aided Quantum-Tunneling Approach.

Solid-state nanopore-based single-molecule DNA sequencing with quantum tunneling technology poses formidable challenges to achieve long-read sequencing and high-throughput analysis. Here, we propose a method for developing an artificially intelligent (AI) nanopore that does not require extraction of the signature transmission function for each nucleotide of the whole DNA strand by integrating supervised machine learning (ML) and transverse quantum transport technology with a graphene nanopore. The optimized ML model can predict the transmission function of all other nucleotides after training with data sets of all the orientations of any nucleotide inside the nanopore with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of as low as 0.062. Further, up to 96.01% accuracy is achieved in classifying the unlabeled nucleotides with their transmission readouts. We envision that an AI nanopore can alleviate the experimental challenges of the quantum-tunneling method and pave the way for rapid and high-precision DNA sequencing by predicting their signature transmission functions.

Ultrahigh Lubricity between Two-Dimensional Ice and Two-Dimensional Atomic Layers.

Low temperature and high humidity conditions significantly degrade the performance of solid-state lubricants consisting of van der Waals (vdW) atomic layers, owing to the liquid water layer attached/intercalated to the vdW layers, which greatly enhances the interlayer friction. However, using low temperature in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM), we unveil the unexpected ultralow friction between two-dimensional (2D) ice, a solid phase of water confined to the 2D space, and the 2D molybdenum disulfides (MoS2). The friction of MoS2 and 2D ice is reduced by more than 30% as compared to bare MoS2 and the rigid surface. The phase transition of liquid water into 2D ice under mechanical compression has also been observed. These new findings can be applied as novel frictionless water/ice transport technology in nanofluidic systems and promising high performance lubricants for operating in low temperature and high humidity environments.

A review of hydrogen storage and transport technologies

AbstractAn important component of the deep decarbonization of the worldwide energy system is to build up the large-scale utilization of hydrogen to substitute for fossil fuels in all sectors including industry, the electricity sector, transportation and heating. Hence, apart from reducing hydrogen production costs, establishing an efficient and suitable infrastructure for the storage, transportation and distribution of hydrogen becomes essential. This article provides a technically detailed overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for hydrogen infrastructure, including the physical- and material-based hydrogen storage technologies. Physical-based storage means the storage of hydrogen in its compressed gaseous, liquid or supercritical state. Hydrogen storage in the form of liquid-organic hydrogen carriers, metal hydrides or power fuels is denoted as material-based storage. Furthermore, primary ways to transport hydrogen, such as land transportation via trailer and pipeline, overseas shipping and some related commercial data, are reviewed. As the key results of this article, hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are compared with each other. This comparison provides recommendations for building appropriate hydrogen infrastructure systems according to different application scenarios.

Application of Functional Bionic Technologies on Micropumps

Background: Bionics applied to micropumps is the most advanced technology currently accessible. The widespread use of microfluidic transport technology in fields like drug delivery and chemical analysis has made it a current research hotspot. As a core component in the microfluidic transport process, the micropump is a key part of the breakthrough. Objective: The study aims to summarize the engineering applications of various bionic micropumps in order to serve as a resource for future research in related fields. Methods: Study the application of bionic technologies that mimic fish tail fin oscillation, female mosquito blood sucking, honeybee nectar ingestion, and plant stomatal transpiration in various micropumps by sorting out typical research results. Results: This study examines the current state of bionic micropumps research and problems, as well as anticipates the future direction of functional bionic technology in micropumps. Conclusion: In this paper, we review the functional bionic technology used in micropumps and study some of the physiological processes of specific creatures from a biological perspective. We also show how effectively using bionic design can enhance the overall functionality of micropumps. However, man's knowledge of the natural world is still very limited. Functional bionics technology will shine in the area of engineering application as a result of the investigation of materials, processing technology, and biological principles.

Smart and sustainable: collecting urban transport and mobility innovation in the 2020s

How can museums collect transport objects to reflect the changes that we can see happening on the streets around us today? Much of what is changing relates to behaviour and integrated transport systems, both of which lack material ‘objects’ to collect. Some transport changes might be more easily acquired for the historic collection – the arrival of on-street hire bikes, for example – but much of what is different with the emerging systems is about attitudes, behaviour and the use of smart technology. Scotland’s cities are experiencing a revolution in smart, sustainable transport and active travel. City centre transformation schemes, already several years in the planning, have been radically accelerated by the response to Covid-19. During lockdown in 2020 cities prioritised pedestrians and cyclists over motor vehicles as part of the public health emergency. At the same time electric vehicles, cargo bike delivery collectives, bike and scooter hire schemes, extended tram network and hydrogen-powered public buses are all making an impact on how Scottish cities operate.This article explores the changes we see today to vehicles, systems and infrastructure on the streets of Scotland’s cities as a microcosm of the wider global transport revolution and provides two case studies of recent acquisitions made by National Museums Scotland to illustrate how museums might capture this moment. By considering the Lutz Pathfinder pod, a prototype fully autonomous vehicle, and items relating to Edinburgh’s Cargo Bike Movement, this article brings together two ends of the sustainable transport technology spectrum: futuristic driverless cars and low-tech bicycle deliveries. Furthermore, this article suggests approaches to how museums might collect other areas of change in transport systems and infrastructure.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION

The goal is to review the current problems and tasks of organizing multimodal freight transportation in Ukraine and analyze trends related to the use of the transport complex (TC). Methodology. Using a system analysis, methods for assessing existing problems and tasks are proposed, as well as a proper definition of environmental issues as the most important in the complex of issues of creation and functioning of TC is presented. At the same time, energy redistribution processes are taken into account in the form of specific and generalized indicators of efficiency, which can be used to meet the needs of multimodal transportation. The results. On the basis of the considered and analyzed problems and trends of the operation of the multimodal transport system, recommendations have been developed for the comprehensive solution of transport planning tasks, improving safety and reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment for further spreading the application of the most successful solutions in each of the regions. Scientific novelty. During the analysis and review of the issues, the authors proposed for the first time a comprehensive solution to the issues of creation and functioning of TC, taking into account interaction in the field of transport and environmental protection technologies. Practical significance. The proposed measures will make it possible to build strategic foundations for the development of a combined transport system, improve the quality of transport services, and also make it possible to obtain the maximum ecological and technological effect from combining the capabilities of all types of transport during transportation.

Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Compression and Anomaly Detection for Smart B5G Use Cases Operation

The evolution towards next-generation Beyond 5G (B5G) networks will require not only innovation in transport technologies but also the adoption of smarter, more efficient operations of the use cases that are foreseen to be the high consumers of network resources in the next decades. Among different B5G use cases, the Digital Twin (DT) has been identified as a key high bandwidth-demanding use case. The creation and operation of a DT require the continuous collection of an enormous and widely distributed amount of sensor telemetry data which can overwhelm the transport layer. Therefore, the reduction in such transported telemetry data is an essential objective of smart use case operation. Moreover, deep telemetry data analysis, i.e., anomaly detection, can be executed in a hierarchical way to reduce the processing needed to perform such analysis in a centralized way. In this paper, we propose a smart management system consisting of a hierarchical architecture for telemetry sensor data analysis using deep autoencoders (AEs). The system contains AE-based methods for the adaptive compression of telemetry time series data using pools of AEs (called AAC), as well as for anomaly detection in single (called SS-AD) and multiple (called MS-AGD) sensor streams. Numerical results using experimental telemetry data show compression ratios of up to 64% with reconstruction errors of less than 1%, clearly improving upon the benchmark state-of-the-art methods. In addition, fast and accurate anomaly detection is demonstrated for both single and multiple-sensor scenarios. Finally, a great reduction in transport network capacity resources of 50% and more is obtained by smart use case operation for distributed DT scenarios.

Systematic Overview of Newly Available Technologies in the Green Maritime Sector

The application of newly available technologies in the green maritime sector is difficult due to conflicting requirements and the inter-relation of different ecological, technological and economical parameters. The governments incentivize radical reductions in harmful emissions as an overall priority. If the politics do not change, the continuous implementation of stricter government regulations for reducing emissions will eventually result in the mandatory use of, what we currently consider, alternative fuels. Immediate application of radically different strategies would significantly increase the economic costs of maritime transport, thus jeopardizing its greatest benefit: the transport of massive quantities of freight at the lowest cost. Increased maritime transport costs would immediately disrupt the global economy, as seen recently during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, the industry has shifted towards a gradual decrease in emissions through the implementation of “better” transitional solutions until alternative fuels eventually become low-cost fuels. Since this topic is very broad and interdisciplinary, our systematic overview gives insight into the state-of-the-art available technologies in green maritime transport with a focus on the following subjects: (i) alternative fuels; (ii) hybrid propulsion systems and hydrogen technologies; (iii) the benefits of digitalization in the maritime sector aimed at increasing vessel efficiency; (iv) hull drag reduction technologies; and (v) carbon capture technologies. This paper outlines the challenges, advantages and disadvantages of their implementation. The results of this analysis elucidate the current technologies’ readiness levels and their expected development over the coming years.

Розвиток професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців транспортних технологій на морському та річковому транспорті через професіогенез

The purpose of the article is to conduct research and analyze the issue of forming the social and psychological competence of future specialists in transportation technologies in the maritime and river transport industry. The overall goal of the study is to identify key aspects and factors that influence the process of applicants’ professional development and their readiness to perform professional duties in the modern conditions of transportation industry development. The article explores important aspects of training future specialists who will work in the field of transport technologies, in particular, in maritime and river transport. The author of the article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the formation of professionogenesis and socio-psychological competence of applicants aimed at creating a basis for the professional development of future specialists. In order to achieve this goal, the scholars have developed a methodology for organizing an experimental study that allowed to determine the level of readiness of applicants of higher and vocational education institutions to obtain technical education and form competencies for further professional growth in the transport industry. The study identified the key components that affect the readiness of applicants to work in the transport industry, in particular in the field of maritime and river transport. Practical recommendations for the implementation and improvement of the professional qualities of applicants in the field of preparation for professional activities in the transport industry, in particular in the water transport sector, are elaborated. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that through this research, the scientific community has the opportunity to obtain new data regarding the formation of professionogenesis and professional growth of applicants specializing in transportation fields, particularly in maritime and river transport. The research findings can be used to improve educational programs and teaching methods aimed at providing more effective training for future professionals in the transportation industry. Overall, this article represents a significant contribution to the development of scientific thought in the field of professional preparation for future specialists in transportation technologies, and it also provides practical recommendations for their successful professional development in the transportation sector, fostering the further growth and enhancement of this industry.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

The article examines issues related to road freight transportation and their place in the overall logistics system. The role of the transport and logistics system is determined not only by its economic indicators, but also by its ability to influence other types of activity. At the same time, a considerable list of problems was formed in the transport and logistics system, without the solution of which the effective functioning of business entities is impossible. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the economy and the conditions of application of the modern logistics system, the need to improve the logistics process using IT technologies was revealed. For the more effective development of such branches of the economy as industry and trade, the authors of the article provide possible options for using automatic identification technologies in transport and logistics systems in order to increase the efficiency of road transport and the main indicators of the efficiency of the entire technological process. The process of applying automatic identification was also considered and recommendations were given taking into account the specifics of their application at each link of the supply chain (production, road transport, warehouse or trading company). In connection with the acute need for typical technological solutions and the lack of uniform standards, the Rules for the work of participants in the supply chain using radio frequency identification have been developed. The classification and recommendations of sounding the signal of the hundredth level when using radio frequency identification are given. In addition, recommendations for the use and configuration of RFID transponders are presented depending on the properties of the cargo, the size of the cargo unit and the way they are stacked. The article briefly presents the possible advantages of improving the functioning of road freight transport in logistics systems using automatic identification.

Study of Opportunities to Increase Financial Transparency of Railway Transport

Railway transport is an organic component of the country's economic system, and the efficiency of its work is directly reflected in each business entity. Despite the crisis, which was especially aggravated in the transport industry in 2020-2022, the statistical indicators for 2021 showed an increase in freight traffic by 3.2%, and the volume of passenger traffic in the same year increased by more than 32% compared to 2020. The digitalization of the railway industry allows increasing the amount of data that requires appropriate processing and systematization and analysis in order to maximize the performance of the transport system and meet the needs of its users. As part of the implementation of a long-term policy for the development of the country's transport sector and the widespread introduction of digital technologies in transport, including its railway segment, there is a growing need to develop and apply new approaches and methodologies aimed at improving the quality level of information received about the work of industry enterprises, which increases its value and reliability.. The lack of such information impairs the effectiveness of interaction between enterprises providing transport services and consumers of these services, undermines trust between them, which ultimately does not contribute to economic growth. This article presents an attempt to develop a methodology for financial strategic analysis.

DEVELOPING A TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING RHENIUM ALLOYED MARAGING POWDER STEEL

One of the main trends of modern metallurgy and material science is the creation of new steels, alloys and composite materials with functional properties used in transport technology, nuclear energetics, military industry, etc. A modern technology for obtaining ammonium perrhenate from molybdenite concentrates containing rhenium produced in Republic of Armenia has been developed. The mechanism and kinetics of the ferritization process in the Fe2O3–NiO–CoO–MoO3 oxide system are revealed, as a result of which a technology for the synthesis of complex oxide [Ni1-x,Cox](Fe1-x,Mox)2O4 is developed. Also, the mechanism and kinetics of recovery of the mixture, prepared from synthesized complex oxide and ammonium perrhenate (NH4ReO4) is revealed. It is shown that rhenium, being a very active metal and dissolving in the Fe-Ni-Co-Mo system, forms solid solutions and rhenium intermetallides, increasing the strength, hardness, impact strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and frost resistance of the powder steel. As a result of comprehensive expert research, a technology has been developed for producing high-strength maraging powder steels alloyed with rhenium, which includes production of ammonium perrhenate from rhenium-containing molybdenite concentrates, synthesis of complex oxides from metal oxides, preparation of a mixture, recovery, which is accompanied by production of steel powder alloyed with rhenium, pressing, sintering and hot extrusion of porous compacts and heat treatment processes. It is shown that the resulting powder steel in terms of its physical, mechanical and technological properties is not inferior to standard steels, and in some cases, surpasses them.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕНТРОВ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article considers the formation of a network of transport and logistics centers on the territory of the Russian Federation, which contributes to the development of the country's transport system. Studies have shown that significant positive effects from the development of transport and logistics centers can be a reduction in the share of transport costs in the cost of final products, the development of the transit potential of the Russian Federation, stimulating the export of transport services. The results of the study show that a well-developed network of transport and logistics centers in combination with a network of commercial satellite warehouses and transshipment complexes will ensure the growth of the e-commerce segment and courier shipments, increase the speed of door-to-door cargo transportation in the just-in-time format and create conditions for improving the efficiency of the transport system through the development of commodity and transport technologies. The structure of logistics centers, the trend of development of logistics centers is considered. The article discusses one of the main problems faced by the participants of the warehouse real estate market today - the departure of large foreign tenants from Russia. Many companies that have left Russia have paid rent for several months in advance. But if they do not return, then the vacated warehouse space may well be occupied by domestic business. It is concluded that the sanctions imposed by the EU and the United States on our country in recent years have shown that Russia can remain in strict isolation in the western direction for a long time. At the same time, there are no obstacles to strengthening foreign trade activities in the East.

Safety Approval of Automated Vehicles in the EU: Moving Beyond Highway Applications

In June 2020 the United Nations World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations adopted the first global Regulation for the approval of automated driving vehicles. Although this first Regulation represents a very important milestone for the automotive sector, it covers a very specific use-case, namely conditional automated driving (level 3) for motorway applications. Transport technology is evolving at an unprecedented pace towards higher levels of automation and its safe deployment requires a more comprehensive regulatory framework, also addressing other operating environments. This paper presents an overview of the European Union approach for safety approval of automated vehicles beyond level 3 highway applications.

МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНИЙ ГРОМАДСЬКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ УКРАЇНИ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ

The article discusses some common problems faced by most municipal urban electric transport enterprises that existed in the pre-war period and provides a forecast for the post-war recovery of the industry. It emphasizes that the urban public transport in Ukraine should develop based on the principle of multimodality, where schedules of different types of urban public transport are coordinated and tickets are valid for a certain period of time, allowing passengers to transfer between a certain number of transport modes. Specific measures are proposed to improve the functioning of urban public transport in Ukraine on the path to multimodality. The article also provides a brief overview of the application of multimodal transport by public transport in a number of developed countries around the world. According to the forecasts made in the article, in the coming years, public transport will become not only more technological and environmentally friendly, but also more economical due to the introduction of advanced types of public transport, various convenient forms of payment for passenger services based on contactless electronic media, the development of other transport technologies and electronic transport applications. All this, combined with modernized dispatching of urban passenger transport, route rationalization, and the optimization of coordinated schedules, will inevitably lead to the creation of a highly automated multimodal public transport system in our cities, which will make urban public transport a better choice compared to private vehicles in the future. The article provides interesting illustrative material showing how equal-sized groups of people, who are public transport passengers, use micro-mobility vehicles (bicycles) and are owners and passengers of cars in the urban space. The presented material vividly demonstrates the advantages of public transport in terms of relieving congested roads in the majority of Ukrainian cities. Multimodality of urban public transport is the decisive word in the post-war recovery and further sustainable development of our country's urban public transport.

Identifying the feasibility of ‘travelator roads’ for modern-era sustainable transportation and its prototyping using additive manufacturing

With the rising human population, travelling on static roads is insufficient to meet modern mobility demands. The global economy loses hundreds of billions of dollars yearly due to traffic inefficiencies, including accidents, pollution etc. We undertake an idea engineering exercise to propose a new concept of travelator roads for future sustainable transportation which has been unexplored for vehicular mobility and is thus the novelty of this work.The proposal offers a paradigm shift from static roads and provides a more generic solution than other advanced transportation technologies. It caters to various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and provides a safer, self-sustainable, energy-efficient & environment-friendly solution for overcoming traffic violations, jams, road accidents etc. Travelator roads offer easy & quick installation for transportation in rugged terrains & congested areas thereby finding applications in diverse setups like defence, urban & smart cities.Design model and possible calculations are provided to evaluate it as a solution addressing various transportation-related issues. The research methodology in this work entails a review of the literature on current and contemporary transport technologies, followed by an idea engineering exercise to construct a new concept of Travelator roads from an interdisciplinary viewpoint. Further, we propose the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for adapting this concept into reality. An AM technology-based prototype for a travelator road can be manufactured to provide a better idea for its effective adaptation in transportation system because AM offers flexibility in design, the opportunity for shape optimization, simplicity in making modifications, shortened time to market, cheap capital needs. Due to material-efficient designs, less waste, and a decreased requirement for production tools, moulds, and dies, AM is projected to result in a significant reduction of raw materials and overall cost involved in actually realizing the concept of travelator roads for future sustainable transportation. Although, there are a number of potential technical issues with AM-based technologies, such as the durability of materials generated by AM for roads, the amount of time required to build sizable amounts of roads, and the upkeep and repair of these roads, which must be addressed.