Passenger Transport Services Research Articles

공유경제의 헌법적 문제

The sharing economy refers to an economy based on collaborative consumption in which several people share and use products once produced by changing goods from the existing “ownership” to the concept of “sharing.” Although the sharing economy has innovations that reduce transaction costs and expand the scope of new transactions, there is a controversy that it violates actual laws such as the Passenger Transport Service Act and the Tourism Promotion Act, which are regulations on traditional industries.
 However, given that the sharing economy based on innovation in IT technology is a new phenomenon, it is questionable whether it is desirable to apply and regulate traditional industries as they are. Furthermore, even if there is a need for regulation, it is necessary to review what kind of regulation should be introduced in order not to hinder the innovation of the sharing economy discussed above.
 Guy Standing, author of “Unearned Income Capitalism,” says, “It may be the first time in the history of capitalism that the core trend of capitalism has changed so quickly.” The author harshly criticizes, “It is packaged as a new 'sharing economy', but in fact, it should be called 'platform capitalism' that extorts unearned income.” Platform conglomerates, the children of the 4th Industrial Revolution, dominate the lives of the entire society in a completely different way from the early 20th century, and the power network of their domination is much tighter. Not only has the national state's unique authority, such as identification and financial transactions, but it also detects and creates all their thoughts, actions, and desires as a national state has never dreamed of. It's rather strange if there's no power problem. Attention is focusing on which side will win here or whether a new type of compromise and compromise will be made.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF A SINGLE OPERATOR OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

In this article, the authors consider the prerequisites for creating a single operator of urban passenger transportation. This organization is necessary to control the operation of all types of urban passenger transport. The prerequisites are problems in the field of urban passenger transport: poor quality of public transport services, which leads to numerous complaints and dissatisfaction of passengers. A single operator of urban passenger transportation will help solve these problems, as it will monitor the quality of services provided by carriers.
 The purpose: to analyze the prerequisites for creating a single operator of urban passenger transportation in modern cities.
 Method or methodology of the work: statistical analysis and synthesis were used in the article.
 Results: the problems of urban passenger transport are identified, which are prerequisites for the creation of a single operator of urban passenger transportation, namely, low indicators of the quality of passenger transport services according to various criteria
 Scope of application of the results: research activity on the development of new approaches in the field of organization of transportation and transport services.

Development of Makassar City's Service Model and Transportation for Goods and Passengers

A well-thought-out, well-integrated operator of freight and passenger transportation with a wide clientele that can benefit both the service users and the overall framework of the transportation system. In this study, Makassar City's freight and passenger transportation services are modeled as urban transportation. In order to develop an integrated service model, this kind of research uses qualitative data that is then theoretically examined. According to the study's findings, using the Tallo River as a transportation route will improve the performance of goods and passenger transportation services while reducing road load. According to research, this model can affect how much traffic there is on the road, how quickly services are provided, how much it costs, and how each place the transportation system travels through develops.

Choice of Carriers on the Market of Public City Passenger Transport Services

Choice of Carriers on the Market of Public City Passenger Transport Services

Green public procurement and sustainable development: the case of social welfare centres from the Łódź Province in Poland

The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of green public procurement in the context of public contract award procedures applied by social welfare centres from the Łódź Province (voivodeship) in Poland. The topic is set against the backdrop of the existing theories of green public procurement, a circular economy and sustainable development. The author applies the case study method, analytical methods, inference-based methods, source document study and literature review.
 The author explores the hypothesis that social welfare centres in the Łódź Province are reluctant to apply the green public procurement (GPP) approach or use environmental (GPP) criteria to evaluate tenders submitted by economic operators under the public procurement procedure. The study focuses on notices published by social welfare centres from the Łódź Province in the Public Procurement Bulletin from 1 January 2023 to 30 September 2023.
 The examination of 20 contract award procedures revealed that environmental aspects were mentioned in 2 tenders. It is noteworthy that both tenders referred to passenger transport services procured by the same social welfare centre. The results of the analysis corroborate the hypothesis that GPP was used to a limited extent. Therefore, public authorities should undertake measures to promote green public procurement as compatible with the concept of sustainable development.

Probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens in long-distance passenger transport

This paper presents a description of the methodology developed for estimation of pathogen transmission in transport and the results of the case study application for long-distance passenger transport. The primary objective is to report the method developed and the application for case studies in various passenger transport services. The most important findings and achievements of the presented study are the original universal methodology to estimate the probability of pathogen transmission with full mathematical disclosure and an open process formula, to make it possible to take other specific mechanisms of virus transmission when providing transport services. The results presented conducted an analysis on the mechanisms of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens during the transport process, to examine the chain of events as a result of which passengers may be infected. The author proposed a new method to estimate the probability of transmission of viral pathogens using the probability theory of the sum of elementary events. This is a new approach in this area, the advantage of which is a fully explicit mathematical formula that allows the method to be applied to various cases. The findings of this study can facilitate the management of epidemic risk in passenger transport operators and government administration. It should be clearly emphasised that the developed method and estimated values are the probabilities of pathogen transmission. Estimating the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is not the same as the probability of viral infection, and more so the probability of contracting COVID-19. Viral infection strongly depends on viral mechanisms, exposure doses, and contact frequency. The probability of contracting COVID-19 and its complications depends on the individual characteristics of the immune system, even with confirmed viral infection. However, it is undoubtedly that the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is the most reliable measure of infection risk, which can be estimated according to the objective determinants of pathogen transmission.

External control of the functioning of passenger carriers in the smart city

Introduction. The successful functioning of a smart city in terms of organizing efficient transportation flows requires external and independent monitoring in the field of passenger transportation. External monitoring complements the internal control of passenger carriers’ activities in providing efficient passenger transport services in the smart city. Various stakeholders, such as regulatory institutions, municipal authorities, business partners, and the public, are interested in the external control of transportation enterprises, which defines the relevance of the research and allows for the formulation of its purpose.The purpose of the article is to justify the importance of digitization and optimization of external control in correlation with internal control procedures regarding the monitoring of passenger carriers’ operations in a smart city.Results. The study elucidates the correlation between internal and external control, both of which share common control objects, such as the transportation schedule, personnel policies, service quality, revenues and expenses, and public disclosure. These factors also determine the interaction formats of various controllers. A list of data requiring public disclosure by passenger carriers for external control has been identified, including information related to: transportation vehicles (adherence to the transportation schedule for passenger carriers), employees (provision of personnel policies and social protection for employees by transportation companies), transportation costs (public control over pricing in the passenger transportation sector), carrier revenues (accurate calculation of company revenues and accrued taxes), and social commitments (compliance with fair competition practices and fulfilling social obligations taken on by the carriers).The rationale for conducting a rating of passenger carriers using a balanced evaluation system is substantiated. This system involves the calculation of various indicators such as punctuality, personnel policies, fair competition practices, social commitments, financial security, passenger feedback, pricing, profitability, convenience, and transparency, taking into account their respective weights in the overall rating assessment. For top-performing transportation companies identified through the rating, a premium reward system is proposed, while for those with lower ratings, external controllers will initiate inspections and hold them accountable for any identified violations. The implementation of these proposed measures ensures public transparency, accountability, and efficiency in providing socially significant passenger transportation services in the smart city through the interaction of internal and external control mechanisms.Prospects. The use of modern information and communication technologies for enhancing accounting and control requires exploring the prospects of digitizing internal control in conjunction with external monitoring of passenger carriers’ operations.

Non-Standard Labor Contractual Relations on Digital Platforms

The article examines current trends in labor usage on digital platforms. The author emphasizes that the irregularity of these relations has numerous negative socio-economic consequences, including shadow employment, lack of fair competition, tax evasion, etc. Therefore, determining the legal framework becomes a priority for improving labor legislation. The author emphasizes that the national court practice is just beginning to take shape in the field of establishing the existence of labor contractual relations on digital platforms. There is an objective need to revise archaic approaches that distinguish between civil law and labor law contracts. The highest hopes for changing this paradigm should be placed on the Supreme Court, which, through its quasi-precedent decision, can adjust and set a new tone in the establishment of employment relations.The article cites the decisions from foreign courts that have recognized drivers providing passenger transportation services using digital platforms as employees with appropriate social and labor guarantees. This practice outlines the vector for the development of further scientific research in this: and can also serve as an example for national courts, especially in terms of identifying the criteria for establishing the fact of an employment relationship.Proposed criteria for distinguishing between civil contractual and labor contractual relations may include: (1) temporal (the amount of time a driver spends providing taxi services); (2) the degree of his/her dependence on a digital platform (conditional employer); and (3) the share of income received by an employee in the structure of his/her monthly income. The comprehensive application of these criteria to specific situations makes it possible not only to distinguish the labor contractual relationship, but can also serve to regulate it.

The influence of consumer experience on the assessment of perceived transport accessibility in the metropolis

Purpose: is to assess of the degree of influence of consumer experience, expressed in terms of the frequency of use of ground public transport services, on the perception of transport accessibility in Moscow by consumers of such services.Methods: the research hypotheses were tested on the basis of the dimensions of the perception of transport accessibility for 17 attributes. An online survey of the perception of transport accessibility in terms of these attributes was conducted on a representative sample of 1,500 observations in Moscow. The significance of the results was tested using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5%.Results: the first hypothesis was confirmed about the presence of a positive relationship between the variables "frequency of use" and "perception of the availability of ground urban public transport" for seventeen attributes. As part of testing the second hypothesis for 7 out of 17 attributes, differences in the assessments of the perception of transport accessibility of different categories of passengers depending on the frequency of transport use were revealed. The focus of researchers on the negative experience of consumers with different frequency of use of transport made it possible to identify two consumer segments with a higher proportion of dissatisfied consumers relative. Due to different consumer experience and the nature of consumer dissatisfaction the authors propose differentiated management and marketing solutions to improve the experience of these consumers and change their perception of transport accessibility in Moscow.Conclusions and Relevance: it has been proven that the perception of transport accessibility depends on consumer experience and frequency of use of Ground Urban Passenger Transport (GUPT) services. The optimal level of use of public transport services at which positive consumer experience is formed has been determined. The authors believe that digitization of the economy, remote work tendencies, and urban infrastructure planning will change the transport behavior of consumers, enabling passengers to reduce the number of trips, bringing them closer to the optimal level. Understanding the interrelation between the frequency of use of GUPT services and differences in consumer perceptions of individual attributes of transport accessibility allows us to make decisions on managing the transport behavior of different consumer segments.

Energy model of a fuel cell hybrid-electric regional train in passenger transport service and vehicle-to-grid applications

Hydrogen fuel cell multiple unit vehicles are acquiring a central role in the transition process towards carbon neutral trains operation in non-electrified regional railway networks. In addition to their primary role as a transport mean, these vehicles offer significant potential for applications in innovative concepts such as smart grids. Compared to the pure electric propulsion systems, fuel cell technology allows for cogeneration processes by recovering generated heat in addition to the provision of the electrical power. This paper presents the analysis of fuel cell hybrid-electric multiple unit vehicle employed in regional railway transport during regular service, and in vehicle-to-grid application during the off-service hours, providing the electrical and thermal energy for stationary consumers in terminal stations. The system dynamics are modelled using a backward-looking quasi-static simulation approach, with implemented real-time optimization-based control strategy for managing the power flows between different components. In a case study of selected vehicle and railway services in the Netherlands, the fuel cell system showed average hydrogen consumption of 0.4 kg/km, with the overall electrical efficiency of 38.89%. In vehicle-to-grid scenario, the system satisfied complete stationary power demand, and provided about 327 kWh of thermal energy during 2-h operation, reaching the overall cogeneration efficiency of 66.81%.

Forward Chaining Method Implementation for AI-Powered Passenger Ojek Online and Drive Solutions

This research explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology in the Grab application, an online passenger transportation service company in Southeast Asia. The main aim of this research is to improve service quality, safety and efficiency for Grab passengers and drivers, while solving traffic and location problems. The use of AI in this application opens up opportunities to optimize passenger pick-up and drop-off processes, improve navigation, and improve real-time traffic management. Special emphasis is placed on the application of the Forward Chaining method, an artificial intelligence technique that allows systems to make decisions based on predetermined rules. By implementing this method, Grab can predict passenger movements and arrange the best routes automatically, increasing time efficiency and reducing congestion. The implications of this research are very significant in the context of improving the quality of online transportation services, by providing a better experience for passengers and ensuring safety on every trip. The main contribution of this research is the development of an efficient and reliable AI system, as well as the application of Forward Chaining in the context of the Grab application. Additionally, this research provides an in-depth understanding of how AI technology can overcome traffic and location challenges, creating effective and reliable solutions for ride-hailing companies in the future. The results of this research provide a valuable contribution to the development of transportation technology, providing a basis for similar companies to explore the potential of applying artificial intelligence in their services. Thus, this research paves the way to greater innovation in the field of online transportation, creating a more efficient, safe and comfortable environment for users, and creating significant added value for the industry.

Evaluation of the integration of a supply chain passenger transport services

The objective of this research is to evaluate the integration of a chain of transport services by links in Manabí, Ecuador for the identification of joint strategies and objectives. The research is classified as descriptive and with a quantitative approach. Theoretical methods are used such as: inductive-deductive, analysis-synthesis, historical-logical and modeling to carry out the investigation. The transport service chain is described. A checklist and an integration matrix are systematized to identify the level of integration, strategies and joint objectives. As a result, it was obtained that the study chain presents a high level of integration, and that the strategies focus on long-term contracts and few suppliers, a practical contribution.

A comprehensive analysis of the electronic fare collection systems effectiveness implementation on public transit and prospective directions of its application in Ukraine

The object of research is the effectiveness of the implementation of electronic fare collection systems on public transit. Applying the electronic fare collection systems is a general trend in improving public transport services for users. In the pre-war period, the systems began to be implemented in many cities of Ukraine. At the same time, this activity was not of a systemic nature and at the current stage it is mainly considered as a means of ensuring more convenient conditions for the use of scheduled passenger transport services for passengers. The article focuses on a broader understanding of the effectiveness of the fare collection systems implementation, their role in ensuring the internal integration of the multi-modal public transport system, increasing the operational efficiency, providing the safety of transportation and increasing the attractiveness of public transit services for the population as a real alternative for the private cars to use. The implementation efficiency of the electronic fare collection systems in public transit should be expressed through various aspects. There are 9 aspects to be considered: system integration; comfort ensuring; transportation safety assistance; operational efficiency and passengers' travel time reduction; integration into the management and planning systems; implementation of the flexible fare system; conduction of the flexible fare policy; development of reasonable income distribution system; increase of the scheduled passenger transport services attractiveness. It is suggested to use systemic approach for integrated multimodal public transit system creation. It requires the development of an intelligent transport system that would integrate separate functions of the electronic fare collection system into controlling, managing and planning subsystems. The practical introduction of the solutions proposed regarding the prospects to develop electronic fare collection systems in the cities of Ukraine will make it possible to increase the efficiency of their use and contribute to the improvement of the quality of transport services for passengers.

Selected vehicle emissivity assessment issues in passenger transport services

The paper presents an analytical method for determining the emissivity of transport modes, based on emissivity indicators for various vehicle types and statistical data. The method developed enables the determination of the emissivity of various vehicle types without the need to carry out tests on real vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to compare the vehicle emissivity results obtained using the developed analytical method with the real-world results obtained in RDE tests based on a case study, i.e. an analysis of the emissivity of passenger transport modes in Warsaw. The paper contains a summary of the results of measurements and calculations, as well as an analysis of potential areas of application for the developed analytical method.

Assessment of impact of priority movement for urban public passenger transport on the quality of passenger service

Problem. The article presents a view on solving the problem of the management formation measures to improve the quality of public transport services through the feasibility justification of implementing priority movement of urban public passenger transport in relation to the assessment of passengers' perception of the actual travel time along the route. Goal. The purpose of the work is to establish a characteristic relationship between the traffic parameters of route vehicles in the conditions of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators of the quality assessment of passenger transport services. Method. The methodological basis for establishing a connection between traffic parameters in terms of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators for evaluating the quality of transport service is a set of developed analytical models that describe the process of formation of passenger exchange at stopping points and time parameters of vehicle movement. Results. On the basis of the functional connection for the selected structure of the research object, it was established that the implementation of the urban public passenger transport priority with the organization of traffic on special lanes and unhindered passage of regulated intersections plays a significant role in improving the quality of passenger transport services. Originality. The assessment of the quality of transport service is based on establishing the level of compliance of each passenger's actual travel time with the previously planned. The use of travel time as a primary evaluation indicator is due to its leading role in the formation of quality criteria and the presence of influence on the parameters that determine the level of transport supply on the route. Practical meaning. The distribution of passengers at stops on route No. 24 «micro-district 602 – Akademika Pavlova subway st.» (Kharkiv, Ukraine) was obtained during modeling between the levels of perception of the quality of transport service showed that for everyday conditions, 8.9% and 27.8% of passengers (36.7% in total) receive a high-quality and suitable assessment, for traffic priority by sections – 32.3% and 64% (96.3% in total), when organizing priority passage at the intersection – 57.5% and 40.4% (97.9% in total). The obtained results indicate the expediency of implementing priority traffic from the standpoint of assessing the level of improvement in the quality of passenger service.

A heuristic approach to the stochastic capacitated single allocation hub location problem with Bernoulli demands

Hubs are critical components of transportation and distribution systems, and hub networks play a special role in freight and passenger transportation services worldwide. This paper studies a capacitated single allocation hub location problem with Bernoulli demands. Since the origin-destination (OD) demands are stochastic in nature, and the nodes are allocated to hubs before knowing their realized values, the actual total demand allocated to each hub is uncertain. Therefore, demand can exceed the capacity of hubs, rendering a need for outsourcing. The problem is studied under two distinct outsourcing policies, namely the facility and customer outsourcing. Mathematical models are developed for each case as two-stage stochastic programs. Deterministic equivalent formulations are obtained for problems, assuming a homogeneous demand distribution for all OD pairs. A Tabu Search-based algorithm is presented as a solution approach to deal with large problem instances. Extensive computational tests demonstrate the outstanding performance of the developed models and the metaheuristic procedure in terms of solution quality and computational time. The relevance of using stochastic programming approach for the problems is demonstrated via computational results. This study also reports solutions for problems with 200 nodes for the first time.

Pendampingan penerapan sistem informasi akuntasi pada proses pembuatan kontrak sewa aset PT Kereta Api Indonesia (persero) DAOP 9 Jember

Leasing assets of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) is one of PT Kereta Api Indonesia's (Persero) businesses, apart from passenger and goods transportation services. This business adds to the value of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)'s income, obtained from tenant asset rental money. The purpose of this study is to describe how the accounting information system is in the process of making asset lease contracts for PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Operational Area IX Jember. The research method used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive method. PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) has two types of assets: railway and non-railway assets. The results showed that the process of making asset lease contracts for PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Operational Areas, namely submitting requests for asset leases, surveying rental locations, negotiating processes and making contract books, determining rates, and processing asset lease payments for PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Regions Operational 9 Jember. As well as following up on the obstacles PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) faced if the debtors did not pay invoices or bills for payment of leased assets of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Operational Area 9 Jember.

Application and realization of key technologies in China railway e-ticketing system

PurposeWith the yearly increase of mileage and passenger volume in China's high-speed railway, the problems of traditional paper railway tickets have become increasingly prominent, including complexity of business handling process, low efficiency of ticket inspection and high cost of usage and management. This paper aims to make extensive references to successful experiences of electronic ticket applications both domestically and internationally. The research on key technologies and system implementation of railway electronic ticket with Chinese characteristics has been carried out.Design/methodology/approachResearch in key technologies is conducted including synchronization technique in distributed heterogeneous database system, the grid-oriented passenger service record (PSR) data storage model, efficient access to massive PSR data under high concurrency condition, the linkage between face recognition service platforms and various terminals in large scenarios, and two-factor authentication of the e-ticket identification code based on the key and the user identity information. Focusing on the key technologies and architecture the of existing ticketing system, multiple service resources are expanded and developed such as electronic ticket clusters, PSR clusters, face recognition clusters and electronic ticket identification code clusters.FindingsThe proportion of paper ticket printed has dropped to 20%, saving more than 2 billion tickets annually since the launch of the application of E-ticketing nationwide. The average time for passengers to pass through the automatic ticket gates has decreased from 3 seconds to 1.3 seconds, significantly improving the efficiency of passenger transport organization. Meanwhile, problems of paper ticket counterfeiting, reselling and loss have been generally eliminated.Originality/valueE-ticketing has laid a technical foundation for the further development of railway passenger transport services in the direction of digitalization and intelligence.

Urban Taxi Slogans: The People's Arts

Urban Taxi Slogans: The People's Arts

Показатели качества транспортных услуг для оценки качества обслуживания населения

The quality of services is one of the most important and problematic indicators in the economy, due to the lack of a unified methodology for calculating quality. The Russian Federation provides a large volume of transportation services to the population, but the transport complex has certain specifics. The authors propose an algorithm for assessing the quality of transport services based on external criteria, reflecting the characteristics and focus of transport enterprises. The article assesses the quality of passenger transportation services provided by advanced modes of transport: air, rail and road. The analysis and comparison of indicators of safety, security, environmental friendliness, transport, economic and informational accessibility, as well as speed of movement and convenience is carried out. A rating of the attractiveness of modes of transport, obtained by comparing the proposed indicators according to the algorithm for assessing the quality of services provided, has been compiled.