Transport Segment Research Articles

Comprehensive analysis of riverine flood impact on bridge and transportation network: Iowa case study

ABSTRACT Floods have a catastrophic impact on human life in terms of economic loss, infrastructure damage and loss of life. Understanding vulnerable transportation segments is critical to addressing potential disruptions that may be caused by a flood event. This study employs a systematic framework to analyze flood impacts by evaluating bridge inundation, waterway crossings and traffic disruptions across Iowa under 50-, 100- and 500-year flood scenarios. The southeast part of Iowa, which has been designated as a critical area because of the significant bridge inundation during these flood events, is given particular attention. Marion, a moderately populated county in the southeast of Des Moines, stands out as a critical region due to its significant bridge inventory inundation in 100- and 500-year flood cases. Our study also explores the conditions and construction years of bridges, their correlation with inundation risk and their impact on flood-related vulnerability. Additionally, we assess the effects of waterway bridge evaluations for different flood magnitudes on evacuation plans and analyze the vulnerability of the transportation network through the effects of closed bridges on traffic. These insights underscore the intricate interplay between floods and transportation, shedding light on bridge vulnerability, waterway evaluation and traffic disruption.

Study on the Adhesion Properties of Raw Coal and Adhesive Clogging Characteristics of Underground Coal Bunkers

The automation and continuous operation of coal production are fundamental to the construction of high-yielding and efficient mines. Underground coal bunkers, serving as the pivotal link between various production and transportation segments, are vital for the seamless operation of mines. Nonetheless, the adhesive properties of raw coal can lead to increasingly severe issues, such as the adhesive clogging of coal bunkers. To address this issue, this paper first employs a self-designed raw coal shear testing apparatus to conduct experiments under varying conditions of shear interfaces, moisture content in raw coal, and compaction forces. Obtaining the adhesion behavior characteristics and adhesion parameter variation patterns of raw coal at coal-coal and coal-wall interfaces under various influencing factors. Subsequently, leveraging the adhesion property parameters of raw coal and the engineering conditions of the 1011 roadway coal bunker in Taoyuan Coal Mine II, a numerical model for coal bunker discharge using irregular particles was developed with the PFC2D numerical simulation software. Based on these, we obtained the influence patterns of various factors, such as coal bunker convergence angle, coal storage height, and coal moisture content, on the coal particle flow pattern, bunker wall pressure, and adhesive clogging distribution characteristics of the coal bunker during the discharge process, thereby revealing the mechanisms underlying the adhesive clogging phenomenon. The findings offer significant insights for optimizing solutions to the adhesive clogging issues in underground coal bunkers and ensuring their safe and efficient operation.

Quo Vadis, Intermodal Semi-Trailer Transportation?

Semi-trailers stand out as the predominant loading unit in the European continental transportation segment. In Germany, for instance, 72% of road transport activity in 2022 was conducted by semitrailers. Approximately 95% of all semi-trailers are non-craneable, meaning they cannot be vertically shifted to rail without special equipment (e.g., NiKRASA, r2L). There are a number of technology providers in the market that facilitate access for non-craneable semi-trailers to intermodal transport through horizontal transhipment technologies. This paper aims to outline current developments and discuss possible future scenarios in intermodal semi-trailer transportation across Western European countries (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Poland and the Netherlands), while considering both vertical and horizontal transhipment technologies.

Artificial Intelligence in Transportation

In recent years, the gradual maturation of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technology has promoted the deep integration of the "AI + transportation" model, which has been widely used in many transportation segments, and the intelligent transportation has been increasingly emphasized, on the one hand, it is an important method for the intelligent management of transportation, and on the other hand, it improves the efficiency of the implementation of the traffic management system. This paper analyzes the mainstream technology and application of artificial intelligence in the field of transportation by reviewing various types of literature and summarizing the summary of information, compares and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the application of different artificial intelligence technologies in the field of transportation, summarizes the progress of intelligent transportation, summarizes the advantages of different applications and the technical shortcomings and bottlenecks of the development of different applications, puts forward proposals for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of transportation, and looks forward to the future direction of development, in order to promote the further development of intelligent transportation.

Проблемы и перспективы производства грузового транспорта в России

The article discusses the problems and prospects for the production of freight transport as a branch of the automotive industry in the coming years. The goal is to identify problems and highlight prospects for the production of freight transport in Russia. Objectives: to conduct a brief overview of the freight transport segment of the Russian automotive industry, analyze the dynamics of production in the freight segment in recent years, identify the main problems in the production of freight vehicles, highlight the main prospects for the development of the studied segment of the Russian automotive industry in the coming years. Conclusions: Conclusions were drawn about the positive dynamics of production and sales of freight road transport in Russia in 2023, despite the crisis years for the industry in 2020-2022; leadership of the KAMAZ company in the Russian market in the segment of domestic freight transport; serious import dependence and high competition from Chinese companies as key problems for Russian truck manufacturers; positive forecasts for the development of freight transport production in Russia, taking into account existing production capacities at some Russian enterprises, intensified efforts of the state and automakers to reduce dependence on imports, the state’s understanding of the need to increase financing of the industry, expanding the need for freight vehicles with an increase in the share of cargo transportation across Russia along highways.

Market of transport and logistics services in the context of global transformation of supply chains

The article examines the market of transport and logistics services in the Russian Federation and provides an analysis of key trends and changes caused by the transformation of supply chains associated with political and economic factors. The analysis examines the quantitative characteristics of the transport and logistics services market and identifies current trends and their impact on the transformation of logistics systems. An analysis of the development of the multimodal transportation segment and the role of cargo containerization in the development of this segment is provided. When discussing the results, the classifications of transport and logistics services proposed by various researchers and their applicability in studying of the market of transport and logistics services in the Russian Federation are analyzed. The impact of supply chain transformation is examined using the example of the oil and gas complex of the Russian Federation. The main problems faced by oil and gas enterprises in the context of changing supply chains and the orientation of the economy are highlighted. The article presents the main ways to solve some of the problems identified by researchers, for example, the reorientation of oil transportation to the Northern Sea Route and the Siberian pipelines, leading material flows to the east and to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Towards SAF for Indonesia Based on a Review of The United States and The European Union

Utilizing fossil fuels within the transportation segment significantly contributes to increased CO2 emissions in the environment, thus requiring concerted efforts to reduce these emissions. Various studies indicate that the utilization of SAF in jet-powered aircraft contributes significantly to efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, but there are various obstacles to its implementation. This study examines the main obstacles in the development of SAF, determines countries that can be used as benchmarks for SAF development, studies the development of SAF in selected countries, and describes the future development of SAF in Indonesia The approach employed in this consideration may be a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) utilizing auxiliary information from different sources. This study shows that the most boundaries to the advancement of SAF incorporate feedstock accessibility, supply chain, government support, technology readiness, and SAF selling price. The United States and the European Union (EU) are countries or regions that can be used as best practices for SAF implementation. They have succeeded in becoming producers and consumers, and have a roadmap for SAF development in their respective countries. Indonesia, with its abundant feedstock potential, technological expertise, and strong government support, has great potential to become a successful SAF implementer. Further research, policy formulation, and regulation development in SAF development are still needed, especially to align SAF prices with fossil fuel prices.

Energy efficiency analysis of heavy goods vehicles in road transportation: The case of Morocco

Passenger and freight transport are central to the socio-economic development of countries and urban life. Their enormous consumption of fossil fuels is problematic. It is essential to improve the efficiency and sustainability of this industry, especially in road transport. This paper assesses the heavy goods vehicles (trucks), as a specific segment of road transport, in Morocco from an energy standpoint. For this purpose, a methodology called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) was adopted to systematically define problems, measure the current state, analyze data to identify inefficiencies, as well as implement and monitor improvements for sustainable performance in this sector. The findings show that Moroccan trucks have significant sustainability gaps, characterized, mainly, by high fossil fuel consumption resulting in high exhaust emissions. The promotion of alternative powertrains such as hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles offer promising opportunities to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Although these alternative powertrains have the potential to improve operational performance over traditional diesel models in Morocco, several challenges need to be addressed for their widespread uptake.

Evolution of Italy-Greece Passenger Maritime Transport: a Multi-level Study to Estimate the Factors Influencing the Demand and Supply of Passenger Ferry Transport

In recent years, the shipping and maritime transport segment has undergone profound changes. Faced with the need to achieve the sustainability goals set by Agenda 2030, different sustainable modes of transport must therefore be evaluated. Passenger transport by ship has proven to be the least polluting per pax/km. Different European regulations are moving in the direction of limiting transport by air when there are fewer polluting methods on average lengths, mainly on a national scale. The tourism sector is one where the impacts on the Agenda 2030 goals are often not properly assessed. Ship connections with a tourism function are central in connections to smaller islands which, due to their size and relatively small flows, do not have airports. In medium-sized basins, tourist traffic by ship is changeable and often dependent on specific characteristics of the basin. The aim of the present research work is to analyse the general case of an open basin, with an application to the Adriatic-Ionian basin. The system of connections between eastern Italy and western Greece by ship is analysed. The case study refers to the characteristics of travel from Italy to Greece by ship, with reference to the Ionian Islands. The overall method proposed is articulated in several successive steps, which can be summarised as follows: analysis of the characteristics of services; analysis of supply with network analysis methods applied to services; analysis of demand with estimation of a regression model. The methodologies identified make it possible to highlight the temporal and central characteristics of the network considered, and at the same time to verify the influence that certain attributes have on tourism for the area studied. The results show, on the one hand, that not all services have a significant summer component and, on the other, that the centrality of the various ports within the network changes, even heavily, with the season. The work is expected to be of particular interest to policy makers, planners, and researchers, considering centrality as closely linked to the distribution of services for passengers in ports and related port-city areas, and considering the possibility of better planning the distribution of funding in relation to the ports’ development and resilience to address disruptive events.

The Sustainable Organization Design for Transport Services: Guarantees of Origin (GOs) via Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Abstract This study explores the potential for change that Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can bring to the transportation sector. It seeks to tackle the pressing need for sustainable progress in light of increasing concerns about climate change and growing greenhouse gas emissions. The transportation industry, essential for global supply chains and movement, is confronted with the task of lessening its environmental impact while maintaining operational efficiency and dependability. The emergence of ITS presents a hopeful solution by combining information and communication technologies with transport infrastructure and vehicles to streamline logistics, improve safety, and reduce emissions. These systems offer crucial up-to-date information on traffic conditions, vehicle function, and route planning, enabling well-informed decision-making and effective resource management. This study focuses on the creative use of the "Guarantee of Origin" (GO) idea, typically utilized in the renewable energy industry to validate the environmental friendliness of energy sources, in the field of logistics and transportation. The research suggests that expanding the GO framework to include detailed emissions tracking for complete travel plans within an ITS system could greatly improve the sector's environmental responsibility and openness. Generating a clean GO is exclusively feasible within an ITS, particularly for intricate travel itineraries or AWBs. Using a qualitative approach, this study delves into an in-depth review of literature to investigate how the organizational structure of transportation needs to change in order to incorporate sustainability through ITS. The goal is to bridge the gap between ambitions for sustainable transportation and the practical steps necessary for their achievement. A new model for organizational design is proposed, which utilizes ITS and the GO concept. This model envisions a comprehensive travel system that integrates various modes of transport within a government-run cloud platform. It will allow for accurate calculation and distribution of emissions data for each segment and mode of transportation. Ultimately, this research aims to demonstrate that ITS can be considered as projects that reduce emissions upstream (UER), paving the way for new funding opportunities in digital infrastructure development with a focus on sustainability. This study supports the overall objective of reaching carbon neutrality and sustainable growth in the transportation industry, emphasizing the essential function of ITS in aiding this significant shift.

Analytical and Experimental Research for Development of the Airless Tires for Urban Micromobility Means

It is currently recognized that electric vehicles are the optimal type of passenger transport for urban usage. However, there are very few people willing to buy them, since today electric cars are very expensive. So the development of the personal light electric transport segment (electric bicycles, scooters, motorcycles, etc.) becomes very relevant. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies (in particular, 3D printing) and constructions (airless wheels) for their mass production is of particular importance. The range of problems that can be solved by modern additive technologies is expanding every day. FDM technology is one of the most commonly used additive methods. It is not only widely available, but it also provides significant possibilities for decision-making. However, most developments in this area are focused on obtaining the geometric accuracy of shapes without taking into account the mechanical properties of materials used. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the influence of filling density of parts manufactured by 3D printing on their mechanical properties and application of obtained results for the production of airless tires by using FDM technology.

HOW PASSENGER TRANSPORT IS DEVELOPING IN BULGARIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF A DYNAMIC CHANGING ENVIRONMENT?

The current study seeks to establish the preferences of Bulgarians through exploring how passenger transport in Bulgaria developed from 2012 to 2022. On a theoretical level, the characteristics of this sector are described, such as types of passenger transport vehicles. The research interest is aimed at tracking the dynamics behind all the options for passenger carriage forming the supply of the transport market in Bulgaria: by rail, bus, air, water, and urban electric transport. To achieve this objective, the parameters of activity in the passenger transport segment are used as the main measures – number of passengers, passenger-kilometres and average distance travelled. During the studied period, passenger transport in Bulgaria developed at variable rates and was influenced by environmental factors. The mode of transport most affected by the pandemic in 2020–2021 was by air. A decrease in the total number of passengers and overall performance for 2022 compared to 2012 can be observed. This decline is due to a decrease in bus and rail transport indicators. The study has established that Bulgarians prefer traveling by bus to other public transport alternatives. Although the absolute number of vehicles has decreased in this segment, it has the largest relative share according to the indicators of transported passengers and performed work as part of the total transport activity in the country. In a practical respect, attention is focused on modern solutions related to information and communication technologies, as well as some opportunities to attract more public transport passengers. The author also draws attention to some EU initiatives in the field of air and maritime transport concerning Union-wide energy policy.

Design and beam dynamics simulation of an 8 MeV compact accelerator-driven neutron source

A compact accelerator-driven neutron source is proposed at Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, called Sun Yat-Sen University Proton Accelerator Facility (SYSU-PAFA). The proton accelerator is composed of a proton electron cyclotron resonance source, a four-vane radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and an alternative phase focusing drift tube linac (APF-DTL). It can accelerate 10 mA proton beam to 8 MeV. Due to the high current, beam matching is particularly important. In order to achieve beam matching between various components, beam transport sections are needed. The beam transport line is divided into three segments. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) ensures that the beam parameters are matched before entering the RFQ. The Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) segment efficiently transfers the beam between the RFQ and DTL. The High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) focuses on transporting the beam to the targets. The design goal of beam transport line is as short as possible while ensuring high efficiency of beam transportation. SYSU-PAFA has an overall transmission efficiency of 99%, with optimal transverse matching conditions between beam transport and RFQ or DTL accelerators. The efficient use of solenoids and magnets allows for a compact transmission section, resulting in a total length of 13.6 meters, shorter than most accelerators at the same beam energy. This paper will provide the detailed beam dynamics of the compact accelerator.

Climate neutrality in European heavy-duty road transport: How to decarbonise trucks and buses in less than 30 years?

The decarbonisation of heavy-duty road transport is subject to many uncertainties regarding fuel choices and the role of efficiency and demand-side measures. Moreover, the various segments of heavy-duty road transport exhibit distinctive characteristics, posing challenges in identifying a one-size-fits-all solution. In a scenario-based analysis with coupled modelling of the European energy system and its endogenous transport demand (driver training, improved logistics and collective mobility) we study the decarbonisation of European heavy-duty road transport through 2050, with a granular representation of its segments in the modelling exercise. Our modelling results show that battery electric vehicles are the key enablers of climate neutrality, representing 60 %–89 % of trucks and 79 %–96 % of buses by 2050. Yet, this important level of electrification, in a climate-neutral Europe, represent at most 4 % (320 TWh) of final electricity consumption. While shifting to electric and hydrogen vehicles brings significant fuel savings (41 %–66 %) and emission reductions (33 %–60 % cumulatively), demand-side operational measures can quickly and cost-effectively complement fuel switching, bringing up to 50 % of cumulative emission savings. The modelling results are highly sensitive to policy assumptions, especially regarding those related to the role of clean hydrogen. This calls for long-term planning with stable and clear signalling of technology choices.

Assessment of bone gain and neurosensory affection with the sandwich osteotomy technique for vertically deficient posterior mandible using a full digital workflow versus conventional protocol: A randomized split mouth study.

Using the sandwich osteotomy technique in the posterior mandible is delicate. This study aimed to assess the safety and the amount of bone gain using a full digital workflow versus the conventional procedure. This split mouth study included 10 patients with bilateral vertically deficient posterior mandible. One side received conventional sandwich interpositional bone grafting (control group), while the other side received the same protocol using two patient-specific guides. The first guide (cutting guide) was used to place the osteotomies safely and accurately according to the predetermined dimensions and locations, and the second guide was used to fix the mobilized bony segment, leaving the desired gap to be filled with a particulate xenogenic bone graft. Full neurosensory recovery was documented at 2 months postoperative for all patients and bilaterally. After 4 months, there was a statistically significant difference in vertical bone gain between both groups (p = 0.001), measuring an average of 3.76 ± 0.72 mm in the study group and 2.69 ± 0.37 mm in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the planned vertical augmentation (3.85 ± 0.58 mm) and the obtained vertical bone gain (3.76 ± 0.72 mm) in the study group (p = 0.765) proving the accuracy of the guided procedure. Computer-guided sandwich interpositional grafting is predictable regarding the execution of the osteotomies and the accuracy of fixation of the transport segment.

Pioneering historical LCA - A perspective on the development of personal carbon footprint 1860–2020 in Denmark

Mitigating climate change by reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is considered an urgent challenge for society. In this context, different philosophies exist. A classic debate, referred to as “boomsters vs. doomsters”, asks whether humanity's drive for technological innovations will mitigate climate change, or whether it is justifiable to compromise our living standards, affluence, and consumption patterns. A Danish research project has elucidated this topic through cross-collaboration between historians and engineers by quantifying the personal consumption-based carbon footprint (CF) of Danish citizens, taking into account the consumption segments of food, transport, housing, and furniture. Quantification is conducted through life-cycle assessments (LCA) of five decadal timesteps during the period 1860–2020. As only one other study conducting historical (retrospective) LCA with an extensive time horizon was identified in the scientific literature, our own study provides novel insights by exploring possible approaches in this field. Historical LCA has many similarities with prospective (future) LCA, providing inspiration to the approach. The main challenge of the study is to adjust both foreground and background systems in the inventory modelling phase. Data is largely based on national statistics, books, museum case studies, expert testimonials, and proxies such as using the steam turbine as an indicator of improvements to technological efficiency over time. The results show a slightly declining carbon footprint in the period 1860–1930, from 7.7 to 6.6 t CO2-eq per capita annually. Unsurprisingly the footprint peak is not found until the 1970s, at 11 t, reducing to 5.4 t in the 2010s. The residential energy consumption segment contributes half of this CF, followed by transportation by road and rail. Discussion of the results shows that whether technology can mitigate the impact from the increase in affluence depends on the specific consumption segment. For housing combined with residential energy, the results show that technology can mitigate increases in CF, despite the comforts of home having only increased over time. For the transportation segment, however, the past century has seen an eightfold increase in CF due to the pronounced evolution of personal modes of transportation. The findings suggests that the “boomsters vs. doomsters” debate is not so black and white after all. We further suggest that historical LCA, in tandem with prospective LCA, can provide valuable insights for decision support to facilitate a green transition and hence a green future.

Impact of the armed conflict in Ukraine on rail freight between Asia and Europe

In 2021, the rail freight industry proved its competitiveness despite the restrictions caused by the coronavirus pandemic. In the segment of rail freight transport between Asia and Europe, this was achieved by positive transport results. Container transport in international rail traffic was increased. The railways carried out work on the development and organization of the transport of high-capacity containers in international traffic, including the organization of container block trains in the Eurasian space. The year 2022 has brought about fundamental changes in the perception of safety and the role of rail transport in traffic between Asia and Europe. An unexpected armed conflict caused chaos in trade, production and transport. In the corridors connecting Asia with Europe, problems arose, supply chains were disrupted. The geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe remains tense and unpredictable. This results in lasting consequences for production, supply and demand chains, transport corridors in the Eurasian space. This also applies to rail transport as part of the New Silk Road concept. The aim of this article is to provide a synthetic analysis of the impact of geopolitical changes and the armed conflict in Ukraine on the functioning of the Silk Railroad and transport volumes in rail freight traffic between Asia and Europe. The above analysis was carried out on the basis of research on secondary sources and available source materials obtained from OSJD member countries that participate in rail transport on the Silk Road.

Analysis of End-to-End Delay in the Transport Segment of Fronthaul 4G/5G Networks Based on TSN Technology

One of the characteristic features of 4G/5G mobile networks is the spatial separation of functional blocks. The corresponding segments of the xHaul transport network are used to connect these blocks. One of them is the Fronthaul front end segment, which connects remote radio equipment with their control equipment. The data streams of standard CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in this segment impose strict requirements on the quality of service and, above all, on delays. To meet these requirements, it was proposed to use in the Fronthaul segment Ethernet bridge network based on the technology of time-sensitive networks TSN (Time Sensitive Networking), which provides determinated delays, reliable packet delivery and high accuracy of synchronization of nodes in the network. The IEEE 802.1CM standard describes profiles of TSN networks that defines the functions, options, configurations, default values, protocols and procedures of bridges, stations and local networks required to build the Fronthaul transport segment. The article presents a methodology for determining the maximum end-to-end traffic delays of standard CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in the Fronthaul segment of 4G/5G networks, built on the basis of TSN technology, in accordance with the requirements of IEEE 802.1CM standard. Two main components of end-to-end delay are identified ‒ delays in TSN bridges and delays in xEthernet channels. For high-priority traffic flows of CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in bridges, characteristic cases of mutual influence of flows arriving simultaneously at different input ports are given. An example of numerical calculation is given, which allowed to determine the permissible physical length of the Fronthaul segment at a given boundary end-to-end delay of transmission of high-priority traffic.

АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РАЗВИТИЯ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РОССИИ С ПОЗИЦИИ МАРКЕТИНГА

The article reveals the results of the analysis of the state and prospects of development of the domestic motor transport industry. The authors studied the main indicators of the development of the leading countries of the world car market and characterized Russia’s place in this ranking. The article reveals the causes and specifics of the structural transformations taking place in the Russian automotive market, as well as identifies Russian brands that occupy leading positions. The dynamics of car production in Russia as a whole and in terms of individual market segments is characterized. The authors have revealed the key trends in the development of domestic motor transport: digitalization of roads; development of transport infrastructure, expansion of the electric transport segment; growth in the number of charging stations, including fast charging stations for electric vehicles. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the need for effective marketing and PR support for high-tech projects in the Russian automotive industry.

Diagnostics of inter-turn short circuits in phase stator windings of permanent magnet synchronous machines

BACKGROUND: Currently, electric buses are becoming more widespread in the segment of urban passenger transportation due to the absence of harmful emissions and low noise levels. Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are widely used as a traction motor.
 One of the most promising methods of monitoring the technical condition of traction motors is diagnostics using monitoring tools installed on board of a vehicle. The advantages of such methods include the possibility of regular frequent condition checks (as opposed to much rarer diagnostics in stationary maintenance points) and a more rapid response to the development of identified malfunctions, which significantly reduces the cost of maintenance and repair of expensive equipment. The disadvantages include limitations associated with a shortage of layout space for the placement of diagnostic equipment, with the limited capabilities of on-board computer facilities for the transmission and storage of diagnostic information and with the complexity of computational procedures of built-in expert diagnostic systems.
 Concerning the types of operational failures of PMSMs, which are the most common and the most severe in terms of the cost of restoring operability, these are inter-turn short circuits in the stator windings, increased eccentricity of the air gap between the stator and the rotor, bearing damage, as well as damage of the mechanical gearbox coupled with the electric motor.
 AIM: Identification the diagnostic signs of inter-turn short circuits in the phase windings of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, helping to detect these malfunctions on board of route urban vehicles at an early stage.
 METHODS: A mathematical model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with short-circuited turns of the phase winding, which makes it possible to study the behavior of the motor with a various number of short-circuited turns, has been developed.
 RESULTS: For the first time, the requirements for diagnostic features for the on-board diagnostic system of an urban electric bus, making it possible to detect inter-turn short circuits in the phase windings of traction electric motors at the early stages of the origin of a malfunction, are formulated.
 The main parameters of the process of digital registration of phase currents have been obtained, helping to do measurements and to transmit signals through the onboard information network of the electric bus.
 Using simulation modeling methods, it was found that the peak values of the linear spectrum of the total current vector are stable diagnostic signs that make it possible to detect inter-turn short circuits in the phase windings of traction motors at the early stages of the origin of the malfunction.
 CONCLUSION: The practical value of the study lies in the opportunity of using the proposed methods for diagnosing the technical condition of traction electric drive units in urban passenger electric transport.