Transparent Transaction Research Articles

SAAChain: release and storage platform of digital works based on non-fungible tokens

Abstract The rapid growth in the speed and convenience of information dissemination has made copyright infringement increasingly common. Blockchain technology solves pain points such as difficulties in traditional copyright registration, easy infringement, and difficulties in confirming and safeguarding rights. It also realises the decentralised management of copyright, network-wide tracking and monitoring, trusted certificate deposits, among others. However, the efficient original authentication of works and the function of blockchain to create copyright trading channels in the field of copyright are often ignored. This paper designed a self-adaptive learning similarity detection fusion strategy to protect the copyright of original digital works, namely SAAChain, and built a platform for releasing and storing original works based on non-fungible tokens. SAAChain first measures the similarity of a work based on adaptive learning to realise the originality authentication of works. Secondly, the works are stored on the InterPlanetary File System as NFTs, along with copyright information. Finally, a smart contract based on Ethereum and ERC-721 is designed to realise the free circulation of digital rights while simultaneously constructing an efficient and convenient digital rights protection system. Experiments show that the accuracy of the fusion strategy for adaptive work similarity detection can reach above 97%, which meets the requirements of work originality verification. Because of the storage mode of the platform, the system has good performance in terms of response speed and storage efficiency. The entire process provides a full-process and transparent transaction platform for all parties and guarantees the copyright ownership of works as well as the non-tampering and traceability of copyright information.

Analisis Kontrak Syariah Dalam E-Commerce: Studi Terhadap Akad Murabahah dan Salam di Era Digital

The development of e-commerce presents significant opportunities for Muslims to engage in digital transactions that align with Islamic legal principles. This study aims to analyse the application of Shariah-compliant contracts, specifically murabahah and salam, in digital transactions and identify the challenges faced in their implementation. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this research examines the validity of these contracts in e-commerce based on fiqh al-muamalat, DSN-MUI fatwas, and maqasid al-shariah. The findings reveal that murabahah and salam contracts are highly adaptable to e-commerce due to their emphasis on transparency and fairness. However, several key challenges were identified, including the potential for gharar caused by inaccurate product descriptions, the contentious validity of digital ijab and qabul, and the risk of riba in instalment-based payment systems. Proposed solutions include strengthening regulations tailored to Shariah-compliant e-commerce platforms, educating consumers and business actors on Shariah-compliant contracts, and providing more transparent transaction mechanisms to minimise gharar. This study concludes that implementing Shariah-compliant contracts in e-commerce aligns strongly with maqasid al-shariah, particularly in safeguarding wealth and ensuring justice for all parties involved.

How to Abolish Hong Kong's Small Housing Policy: Experience of Land Development Rights Transfer in Chongqing

The essence of the ding rights is indicated in the land development right. It causes conflicts between traditional interests and quite a number of factors promoting the advancement of modern society. The government should issue ding rights certificates to all eligible indigenous inhabitants, and meanwhile establish an open and transparent transaction platform to allow free transaction of certificates. This plan may present inspiration and enlightenment for other areas in the world to handle the issues concerning traditional rights in the future.

Integrating AI and Blockchain Technologies for Enhanced Risk Management and Operational Efficiency in Indonesian Airport Customs: Challenges and Opportunities

The rapid growth of global trade has increased the need to modernize customs operations, especially in Indonesia, where traditional methods struggle with fraud and inefficiency. This study explores the integration of disruptive technologies, specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain, to enhance risk management and operational efficiency in Indonesian customs. Using a qualitative methodology, including literature reviews, case studies, and interviews with customs officials, the research highlights AI's ability to automate risk assessments and fraud detection, while blockchain ensures secure, transparent transaction records. Despite the significant benefits, challenges such as personnel resistance, outdated infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainties hinder implementation. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive training for customs officers and collaboration with Cross-Border Regulatory Agencies (CBRAs) to overcome these obstacles. Case studies from Singapore and the UAE provide valuable insights into best practices for integrating these technologies. With strategic investment and strong stakeholder commitment, Indonesia can modernize its customs systems, improve efficiency, and strengthen national security. The study concludes with recommendations for creating a comprehensive integration roadmap, developing skills initiatives, and strengthening regulatory frameworks to support the successful adoption of AI and blockchain in Indonesian customs.

Blockchain Technology Application and Potential in the Global Securities Trading Market

With the rapid development of financial technology, blockchain technology is gradually permeating the global securities trading market. This paper delves into the current status of blockchain technology applications in this field, covering key aspects such as trade settlement and clearing, securities issuance and trading, identity verification, and compliance management. Through detailed case studies, it powerfully demonstrates its significant reduction in settlement cycles and intermediate links, thereby improving trade efficiency; its substantial reduction in operational costs and additional expenditures due to human errors, thereby lowering costs; and its effective resistance to cyber-attacks through data encryption and tamper-proof characteristics, thereby enhancing security. At the same time, it explores the positive role of blockchain technology in improving market trust by offering transparent transaction records and reducing information asymmetry. The paper further analyzes the challenges faced by blockchain technology in the global securities trading market, including issues with technology maturity such as performance scaling and interoperability, regulatory and compliance issues such as incomplete legal frameworks and policy uncertainties, industry acceptance issues such as conservative attitudes from traditional institutions and insufficient technology popularization education, and security risks such as emerging vulnerabilities and private key management risks. On this basis, it provides a forward-looking outlook on the potential and development trends of blockchain technology in the global securities trading market in the future, including integration trends with other emerging technologies, its role in promoting cross-border transactions and financial market integration, the possibility of innovative financial products and services, and the resulting changes in market patterns. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive and systematic study of the current status, advantages, challenges, and future development of blockchain technology in the global securities trading market, offering valuable references and insights for further development in this field.

Rent My Stuff

This research introduces "Rent My Stuff," a novel e-commerce platform designed to address the underutilization of expensive items by enabling peer-to-peer item rental. In contemporary consumer culture, numerous products incur significant costs but experience limited personal use. "Rent My Stuff" provides a solution by allowing users to upload items for short-term leasing, catering to individuals who cannot afford to purchase items for infrequent use. The platform differentiates itself from traditional online marketplaces by focusing on the temporary lease of items rather than outright ownership. The user-friendly interface facilitates the easy upload of items, requiring essential lessor information such as address proof and location. User authentication through login allows for the addition of multiple products and personal details, enhancing the platform's versatility. Safety considerations are paramount, leading to the inclusion of a rent payment feature. This feature ensures accountability between lessors and lessees, contributing to a secure and transparent transaction environment. The underlying database, implemented in PHP, securely stores product information and user data. An analysis of existing systems reveals a gap in the market, with current applications primarily supporting the buying and selling of used items but lacking features for short-term item leasing. The proposed system aims to bridge this gap by providing a technology-oriented, cost-effective, scalable, and robust solution for renting items to users. The project follows the Spiral Model of Software Development, incorporating communication, planning, modelling, construction (coding and testing), and deployment phases. Modules include user authentication (login and sign- up), a map feature for contacting developers, and a checkout module for payment and finalizing the lease. Key Words: E-commerce, Online marketplace, Item rental, Sharing economy, Product leasing, Platform for renting

Explaining the non-adoption of blockchain technology in global value chains: a micro-foundational perspective

The business potential of blockchain technology in global value chains (GVCs) includes the creation of permanent records of information, to facilitate specifications regulation, to mitigate risk using smart contracts and through full, transparent transaction traceability at reduced costs. Blockchain as a general-purpose technology (GPT) thus has the potential to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of value creation for firm specific advantages owned and/or controlled by multinational enterprises (MNE), yet adoption of blockchain is uneven. This study adopts a micro-foundational lens to explain the non-adoption of blockchain technology in multinational enterprises’ (MNE) global value chains (GVC), emphasizing the influence of the technology, organization and environment (TOE) influences on the technology acceptance (TAM) for blockchain, due to the impact on managers’ perception of blockchain's usefulness and ease of use. The empirical results are based on a multiple-case study research design, that collected interview data from supply chain managers in small, medium, and large-sized manufacturing MNEs that participate in global value chains that differ in their governance patterns. The results identified fifteen different drivers of the non-adoption of blockchain technology across the technological, organizational and external environments of the MNE. The results of the study allow a parsimonious model of blockchain technology non-adoption that is aligned with the digital technology adoption literature using a TOE–TAM approach.

Balancing User Privacy and Legal Demands while Conducting Businesses on the Blockchain

Blockchain technology offers a promising way to improve business processes by providing a secure and transparent transaction platform. However, using this technology brings its own set of challenges, especially when trying to balance user privacy with legal and regulatory needs. This article explores the challenges of keeping user information private, adhering to regulatory frameworks, and fulfilling legal requirements on the blockchain. A key point in this research is the challenge of keeping or maintaining confidentiality while being transparent. The article also discusses the issues of applying legal rules to a system not controlled by one central authority, the risks of privacy and security breaches, and the need to follow data protection laws. The article highlights how some blockchain-based companies have tackled these challenges, mainly through smart blockchain management and innovative technology, by looking at real-world examples from major companies like IBM, Bitpay, Ripple, and Coinbase. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology involved reviewing literature from the past 15 years (2008-2023) from trusted sources like Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, IEEE, Springer, and Science Direct. The findings indicate that cutting-edge technologies prioritizing privacy, such as zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, and encryption methods, would enable Bitcoin (BTC) platform operations to maintain or balance privacy and transparency. Furthermore, the study indicates the importance of clear privacy guidelines, adhering to relevant regulations, working closely with regulators and law enforcement, and educating users. In summary, it is crucial to approach blockchain carefully, prioritizing user privacy while meeting all legal and regulatory requirements.

Blockchain-Powered Gaming: Bridging Entertainment with Serious Game Objectives

The advancement and acceptance of new technologies often hinges on the level of understanding and trust among potential users. Blockchain technology, despite its broad applications across diverse sectors, is often met with skepticism due to a general lack of understanding and incidents of illicit activities in the cryptocurrency domain. This study aims to demystify blockchain technology by providing an in-depth examination of its application in a novel blockchain-based card game, centered around renewable energy and sustainable resource management. This paper introduces a serious game that uses blockchain to enhance user interaction, ownership, and gameplay, demonstrating the technology’s potential to revolutionize the gaming industry. Notable aspects of the game, such as ownership of virtual assets, transparent transaction histories, trustless game mechanics, user-driven content creation, gasless transactions, and mechanisms for in-game asset trading and cross-platform asset reuse are analyzed. The paper discusses how these features, not only provide a richer gaming experience but also serve as effective tools for raising awareness about sustainable energy and resource management, thereby bridging the gap between entertainment and education. The case study offers valuable insights into how blockchain can create dynamic, secure, and participatory virtual environments, shifting the paradigm of traditional online gaming.

BSEMS-A Blockchain-Based Smart Energy Measurement System.

The modern world's increasing reliance on automated systems for everyday tasks has resulted in a corresponding rise in power consumption. The demand is further augmented by increased sales of electric vehicles, smart cities, smart transportation, etc. This growing dependence underscores the critical necessity for a robust smart energy measurement and management system to ensure a continuous and efficient power supply. However, implementing such a system presents a set of challenges, particularly concerning the transparency, security, and trustworthiness of data storage and retrieval. Blockchain technology offers an innovative solution in the form of a distributed ledger, which guarantees secure and transparent transaction storage and retrieval. This research introduces a blockchain-based system, utilising Hyperledger Fabric and smart contracts, designed for the secure storage and retrieval of consumers' energy consumption data. Finally, a user-friendly web portal was designed and developed using the node.js framework, offering an accessible and intuitive interface to monitor and manage energy consumption effectively.

HealthLock: Blockchain-Based Privacy Preservation Using Homomorphic Encryption in Internet of Things Healthcare Applications.

The swift advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), coupled with the growing application of healthcare software in this area, has given rise to significant worries about the protection and confidentiality of critical health data. To address these challenges, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution, providing decentralized and immutable data storage and transparent transaction records. However, traditional blockchain systems still face limitations in terms of preserving data privacy. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhancing privacy preservation in IoT-based healthcare applications using homomorphic encryption techniques combined with blockchain technology. Homomorphic encryption facilitates the performance of calculations on encrypted data without requiring decryption, thus safeguarding the data's privacy throughout the computational process. The encrypted data can be processed and analyzed by authorized parties without revealing the actual contents, thereby protecting patient privacy. Furthermore, our approach incorporates smart contracts within the blockchain network to enforce access control and to define data-sharing policies. These smart contracts provide fine-grained permission settings, which ensure that only authorized entities can access and utilize the encrypted data. These settings protect the data from being viewed by unauthorized parties. In addition, our system generates an audit record of all data transactions, which improves both accountability and transparency. We have provided a comparative evaluation with the standard models, taking into account factors such as communication expense, transaction volume, and security. The findings of our experiments suggest that our strategy protects the confidentiality of the data while at the same time enabling effective data processing and analysis. In conclusion, the combination of homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology presents a solution that is both resilient and protective of users' privacy for healthcare applications integrated with IoT. This strategy offers a safe and open setting for the management and exchange of sensitive patient medical data, while simultaneously preserving the confidentiality of the patients involved.

Secure Cybersecurity Information Sharing for Sectoral Organizations Using Ethereum Blockchain and IPFS

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased cross-sector cyber-attacks. Passive and reactive cybersecurity techniques relying solely on technology are insufficient to combat sophisticated attacks, necessitating proactive and collaborative security measures to minimize attacks. Cybersecurity Information Sharing (CIS) enhances security via proactive and collaborative cybersecurity information exchange, but its implementation via cloud services faces threats from man in the middle (MITM) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, as well as a vulnerability in cloud storage involving centralized data control. These threats and vulnerabilities result in a lack of user confidence in the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. This paper proposes Secure Cybersecurity Information Sharing (SCIS) to secure Cybersecurity Information in sectoral organizations using the private interplanetary file system (IPFS) network and the private Ethereum Blockchain network. Private Ethereum Blockchain enables secure and transparent transaction logging, while Private IPFS network provides decentralized storage, addressing vulnerabilities in centralized storage systems. The outcomes of the tests reveal that the suggested SCIS system offers cybersecurity information availability, confidentiality, and integrity. SCIS provides a high level of security to protect cybersecurity information exchanged between sectoral organizations using the Private Ethereum Blockchain network and the Private IPFS network so that organizations can safely share and utilize information.

A Conceptual Model for Coeval Time Estimation of Virtual Reference Service

The objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual model of a virtual reference service (VRS) time estimation system that can estimate and display the time required to complete a transaction. The system will start estimating the duration before initiation of a transaction and update the estimated duration with the changing complexity of the transaction. Literature on industrial time estimation techniques and artificial-intelligence based VRS programs are reviewed to identify the gap. Four flowcharts are constructed with the aid of machine learning techniques like random forest regression and speech recognition, and natural language processing techniques like intent and entity recognition, and weighting. The pre-estimating, estimating, and post-estimating stages of the system are vividly explained with an example to enlighten the time-estimation process. The limitation of the paper is that the system is not practically developed and tested. However, developing such a system will help in transparent and unbiased transaction time estimation and assist the library professionals to manage queue time and maintain consistent timeliness. The estimated time may be used as a benchmark for evaluating different aspects of VRS. Providing quality service within the estimated time may increase the reliability and loyalty of the patrons toward the library professionals.

Smart auction system flow model for Agro-Based sector farmers using blockchain technology

Blockchain technology has wide area of application, this article is very particular on emphasising another important field of application named Agro-products supply chain. Wherein this era, and the future needs to nurture the agriculture sector along with latest technologies, so that nation would make a revolution in the process of food supply from the farm to the plate. The main drawback in the agriculture supply chain is lack of transparency in food production and distribution, costly middleman, limited financial resources & disconnection between supplier and retailer. So this article proposes, suitable theoretical auction flow model to overcome all the issues highlighted in this agro-sector, we would like to give the solution by improving the transparency in the supply chain, by providing farmers direct access to suppliers through an appropriate auction system with an option of immediate payment on delivery & transparent transaction information to them. Further we can involve government as a central authority to overcome the technical aspects, education, policies and regulatory frame works, in turn they can generate job opportunities to the unemployed graduates.

Privacy Preserved E-Voting System Using Blockchain

In modern world, elections are important however society doesn't trust their election system that may be a major concern for world. Even today, we still suffer from a blemished voting technique. Electronic balloting has been utilized in various forms since the nineteen seventies with basic edges. They have gained much more attention to improve quality and growing interests with different technologies. Among these technologies Blockchain is newer technology which can also be used in e-voting system. The Blockchain technology, introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto using the cryptologic currency Bitcoin in 2008 developing a secure, clear and redistributed system with the absence of a 3rd party for access and management, within the election procedure of casting and counting of votes. Blockchain is secure public ledgers for protective transaction information and also permits transparent transaction verification. To implement in a large number, it needs the addressing issues regarding the protection and responsibility of system. This process is implemented to reduce major problems like hacking of EVM, recasting, etc. The blockchain is said as rising technology that guarantees for boosting totally different aspects of the many industries. Increasing e-voting into blockchain technology may be the answer to reduce the current issues in e-voting system. Smart contract makes blockchain a strong tool and lots of options that overcomes ancient systems. The system should be trustworthy for candidate. Because of its stability, extensive use, and facilities of smart contracts logic.

The Effect of Transaction Cost Unbundling on Investors' Reliance on Investment Research: Evidence from Experimental Asset Markets

Recent regulatory changes within Europe (regulation MiFID II) mandate broker-dealers to charge clients explicitly for any investment research they provide. This new mandate replaces the common practice of bundling these charges with other variable fees, such as those for trade executions. Drawing on transaction decoupling theory, I examine how transaction cost unbundling influences investors’ reliance on investment research. Results from 16 experimental markets indicate that investors place greater weight on costly forecasts under a system of unbundled payments compared to bundled payments, but only if transaction costs are sufficiently high to provoke feelings of regret. Focusing on the forecast, investors also cede to reduce price errors over time. Additional analysis suggests that salient cost disclosure, a more cost-effective way to generate transparent transaction costs, does not similarly impact investor judgment. These results are important in light of recent SEC discussions on how to respond to Europe’s regulatory push for cost transparency.

Fundraising Portal using Smart Contracts in Blockchain using Group Signatures

Generally, to make a campaign,startup, or any innovative idea successful requires some amount of donation. Fundraising or let us say Crowdfunding is an efficient way to raise money for your ideas, campaigns, startups etc. There are a lot of platforms available online and they provide space for setting up your own campaign so that you can gets funds for your campaign. people can go and contribute to any idea they like and get benefit from the pledge that you make. Certainly, there are lot of drawbacks to this model. There is no transparency and no assurance that your money is being put to the right use, there are charges to use the platform and many other issues. We try to over come these issues by making a fundraising platform using smart contract in solidity. This will be more secure as it uses Ethereum blockchain to make all the transactions and all the transactions are ethereum based. Not only this but the contributors have the right to vote for a transaction and only when a minimum consensus is achieved the requested transaction can be made.Contributors can have their own pool of contributors which can be achieved by multi-signature wallet.By creating a multisigned wallet , there will be two factor authentication mechanism to access funds, which are related more to security concerns. This not only enables a transparent transaction but also develops trust in the users of the platform. This not only resolves major drawbacks faced in the current live non blockchain based platforms like Kickstarter but also brings in more efficient platform to serve the purpose.”

Blockchain Ready Port Supply Chain Using Distributed Ledger

Blockchain technology, as a bedrock for distributed ledgers, offers a platform for innovation for a new decentralized and transparent transaction machinery in industries and businesses, and the port is not an exception. The inbuilt features of this technology enrich trust through transparency and traceability within any transaction of data, goods, services, and financial resources. Notwithstanding initial doubts about this technology, lately government and large corporations have offered to adopt and enhance this technology in various fields of applications, from social and legal industries, and finance to design, maritime and port networks. In this paper, the authors review the current status of the Blockchain technology and some of its applications. The potential benefit of such a technology in port and maritime supply chain is then discussed, and a vision for the future Blockchain ready port and maritime supply chain are proposed. The importation of containerized vehicles is used as an example to demonstrate how such technology can be deployed in a global port industry. Finally, the requirements and challenges to adopt this technology in the future in relation to, port and maritime systems are discussed.

Supply Chain in Blockchain– A Review

The blockchain technology acts as a foundation for distributed ledgers and an innovative platform for a new decentralized and transparent transaction mechanism in industries and businesses is offered by it. Supply chain traceability is impacted by growing consumer awareness and manufacturers internal quality requirements. When multiple parties are involved, existing centralized solutions suffer from isolated data storage and lacking trust. Decentralized blockchain-based approaches facilitate to forestall these issues by making digital representations of physical goods to facilitate tracking across multiple entities. The potential advantage of this emerging technology in manufacturing supply chain is then discussed and a vision for the future blockchain ready large scale manufacturing supply chain is proposed. Ultimately, a discussion of the requirements and challenges to adopt this technology in the future manufacturing systems is done.

An Empirical Study of Machine Learning Algorithms for Stock Daily Trading Strategy

According to the forecast of stock price trends, investors trade stocks. In recent years, many researchers focus on adopting machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict stock price trends. However, their studies were carried out on small stock datasets with limited features, short backtesting period, and no consideration of transaction cost. And their experimental results lack statistical significance test. In this paper, on large‐scale stock datasets, we synthetically evaluate various ML algorithms and observe the daily trading performance of stocks under transaction cost and no transaction cost. Particularly, we use two large datasets of 424 S&P 500 index component stocks (SPICS) and 185 CSI 300 index component stocks (CSICS) from 2010 to 2017 and compare six traditional ML algorithms and six advanced deep neural network (DNN) models on these two datasets, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that traditional ML algorithms have a better performance in most of the directional evaluation indicators. Unexpectedly, the performance of some traditional ML algorithms is not much worse than that of the best DNN models without considering the transaction cost. Moreover, the trading performance of all ML algorithms is sensitive to the changes of transaction cost. Compared with the traditional ML algorithms, DNN models have better performance considering transaction cost. Meanwhile, the impact of transparent transaction cost and implicit transaction cost on trading performance are different. Our conclusions are significant to choose the best algorithm for stock trading in different markets.