Transnational Crime Research Articles

New Developments in Geopolitics: A Reassessment of Theories after 2023

The scope of this article is to make a synthesis of the theory of geopolitics with new trends and characteristics of the new global environment. Traditional geopolitical theories are established on the basis of sovereign states. The starting point of many theories is for sovereign states to compete for world hegemony, or to gain an advantage in competition with their opponents. Geopolitical research also mostly starts from the interests of the country. However, as global environmental changes, transnational crimes, terrorism, information security, and other non-traditional security threats have become common threats to human society, their impact also crosses borders and has global characteristics, which also means solving geopolitical issues. Thinking needs to change from a national perspective to a global perspective. On the other hand, as the international community pays more and more attention to human rights, the challenge of human rights to sovereignty has become an unavoidable reality in current international politics. With the progress of the times, the protection and respect of civil rights has become the basic consensus of the international community. Nowadays, the issue of virtual rights such as carbon emission rights have also been included in the geopolitics theory, creating a strong shift of paradigm towards a renewed theory.

Strategic intelligence: strengthening the fight against transnational crimes

Organized crime has developed a great deal in recent decades, crossing the barriers between states, countries and continents, as well as diversifying the activities of its illicit businesses. Faced with the global reality of the expansion of organized crime, in 2000 the UN promoted a convention to establish standards for combating transnational crimes, which became known as the Palermo Convention. The need to combat transnational crimes more effectively has led to a demand for more diligent, pragmatic and analytical information, and strategic intelligence is therefore an instrument that helps to combat these crimes.

Dark Networks, Transnational Crime and Security: The Critical Role of Brokers

Dark Networks, Transnational Crime and Security: The Critical Role of Brokers

Interpol’s Efforts Against Human Trafficking by Non-Procedural Migrant Worker Networks in East Nusa Tenggara: Leveraging Legal Assistance Treaties

This paper delves into the proactive measures adopted by Interpol to counter the pervasive issue of human trafficking, focusing specifically on the activities of non-procedural migrant worker networks in East Nusa Tenggara. Human trafficking remains a grave violation of human rights globally, with vulnerable migrant workers often falling victim to exploitation and abuse. In regions like East Nusa Tenggara, where such networks operate with relative impunity, concerted efforts are necessary to dismantle their operations and bring perpetrators to justice. Interpol plays a crucial role in this endeavor by leveraging legal assistance treaties to enhance international cooperation in combating transnational crimes, including human trafficking. Through these treaties, Interpol facilitates information exchange, joint investigations, and coordinated law enforcement actions among member countries, thereby strengthening the collective response to this multifaceted challenge. In East Nusa Tenggara, where the complexities of jurisdiction and cross-border activities complicate law enforcement efforts, Interpol's involvement becomes particularly significant. By collaborating with local law enforcement agencies and leveraging its global network of resources, Interpol can identify, disrupt, and dismantle the networks involved in human trafficking. This paper will explore the mechanisms through which Interpol utilizes legal assistance treaties to support investigations, apprehend perpetrators, and rescue victims of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara. Additionally, it will assess the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating the impact of non-procedural migrant worker networks and advancing the overarching goal of eradicating human trafficking. Through a comprehensive analysis of Interpol's efforts in this context, this paper aims to contribute to the discourse on international law enforcement cooperation and the fight against human trafficking.

Transnational Crime of Illicit Drugs in Southeast Asia

The cooperation of the actors in harmonizing their views on the drug phenomenon is needed. Over the last decade, the dynamics that define the regional security environment in Southeast Asia have changed dramatically. In this study, a descriptive qualitative methodological approach was adopted to explore an in-depth understanding of cross-border crime in the illegal drug trade in Southeast Asia. The conclusions of this analysis will help enrich our understanding of cross-border illegal drug transactions in the region, as well as provide a basis for formulating better policy recommendations to effectively address this challenge. ASEAN needs to strengthen its commitment of cooperation and continuously make efforts were tireless in the fight against drugs.

Transnational Crime and EU Law: Towards Global Action against Cross-Borders Threats to Common Security, Rule of Law and Human Rights

Transnational Crime and EU Law: Towards Global Action against Cross-Borders Threats to Common Security, Rule of Law and Human Rights

Analysis of the Impact of Transnational Cybercrime in Southeast Asian Countries on Global Social Development

Recently, the frequent occurrence of cybercrime has brought a significant negative impact on the development of society. Based on the geographical location of Southeast Asia, where the Golden Triangle region is located, there have been frequent outbreaks of fraud crimes in recent times. Therefore, this article takes Southeast Asia as the research object and focuses on the discussion of criminal incidents in the region. At the same time, the article provides relevant issues brought about by transnational crime and its negative impact on social development. Finally, the article elaborates on illegal activities, the construction of legal frameworks, global economic and political impacts, and how to combat crime. The research in this article has important practical significance in clarifying the dangers and threats of cybercrime and building a good social environment.

Examining the Globalist and Marxian Groundworks on Human Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st Century: Insights from Nigeria and South Africa

This study probes into the globalist and Marxian perspectives on human insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa,with a particular focus on Nigeria and South Africa. By employing a case-study methodology and data from relevant secondary and archival sources, the study seeks to understand the effects of globalization, globalist ideologies, and Marxist ideologies on human insecurity in the region. While previous studies have primarily attributed human insecurity in Africa to internal factors, such as corruption, self-destructive public policies, poverty, environmental degradation, militancy, and insurgency, the globalist and Marxist contexts of the insecurity have received limited scholarly attention. While findings partly confirm that most human insecurities in the region are largely influenced by internal factors, the global environment, encompassing job insecurity, global warming, deadly viruses and pandemics, transnational crimes, drugs, and interstate conflict, also plays a significant role. The study further uncovers the exploitative, oppressive, and conflict-ridden interactions between the bourgeoisie and proletariats in Sub-Saharan Africa, thereby contributing to unfairness, deprivation, and conflicts that usually morph into human insecurity. To mitigate human insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa, the study proposes a collaborative global approach and a more equitable distribution of resources within the state. Understanding the globalist and Marxian foundations of human insecurity can provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in devising comprehensive strategies to address this pressing issue in the region.

Optimization of The Use of The I-24/7 Network System by Bagkominter to Overcome Transnational Crime The Realization of Modern Police in The Era 4.0

<em>Indonesia has committed and is ready to implement Industry 4.0 to build a globally competitive manufacturing industry. Polri participates in supporting Indonesia towards the 4.0 era. Through precision towards modern policing, it is hoped that all police officers must be able to make good use of digital technology and continuously improve their capabilities in its implementation. The International Communications Section or abbreviated as Bagkominter has the main task of organizing and developing an information exchange system in efforts to prevent and eradicate international/transnational crimes through the INTERPOL network (I-24/7), ASEANAPOL and other information facilities; as well as collecting information and data processing. Based on the explanation described above, the problem will arise "How to optimize the use of the I-24/7 Network System by the Kominter Unit to Overcome Transnational Crime in the Context of Realizing Modern Police in the 4.0 era?". From these main problems, the author also creates problems, including: "How do you optimize human resources, budget support, infrastructure and methods in using the I-24/7 network system by Bagkominter?" The approach used in this thesis is qualitative by using descriptive analysis method. Data collection techniques using interviews. Data analysis techniques using data reduction. data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, it can be explained that there is still a limited number of personnel and personnel competence, the operating budget for the I-24/7 network system is still inadequate, the facilities and infrastructure owned are still inadequate and the methods for dealing with transnational crimes are still not running optimally</em>

Pemetaan Kejahatan Transnasional Small Arms and Light Weapons Trade

The Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) trade is one of the most lucrative forms of transnational crime. War and conflict will always exist throughout human history, and to win a war, weapons are needed, so there will always be a market for SALW, especially in conflict-prone or politically unstable countries such as Somalia. Historically, the arms trade in Africa has existed since colonial times, but with the onset of the Cold War accompanied by proxy wars and the rise and fall of governments followed by civil wars, as well as the rise of globalization that provides easier access to any goods, SALW is increasingly mushrooming in Africa, especially in Somalia which is one of the most troubled and weak countries on the continent. It is undeniable that illegal weapons entering the country come from various sources and involve the cooperation of various actors or other parties smuggling into Somalia. Therefore, SALW trafficking is a transnational crime with a complex nature, which makes this phenomenon interesting to analyse in more depth. This research paper intended to explain how SLAW is in Somalia and the preventive measures Somalia and United Nations (UN) have tried to slow down or eradicate the trend of SLAW in Somalia.

Enhancing Indonesian Maritime Route Security to Prevent Transnational Crime

Enhancing Indonesian Maritime Route Security to Prevent Transnational Crime

Juridical Reviewcyber Law On Developmentfintech In Indonesia

Objective: Technological developments in the digital era are something that cannot be avoided. These significant changes have occurred in the financial industry throughout the world, including in Indonesia. Financial technology or in another language equivalent is financial technology (Fintech) as a result of exposure to technology is a new thing in Indonesia that continues to develop rapidly. This is because financial technology makes it easier for people to carry out transactions safely and more efficiently. In connection with these benefits, there are also other negative things, one of which is related to cybercrime (cyberlaw). Methods: By using normative juridical methods with secondary sources, this paper concludes that the government does not yet have a separate law related to financial technology regulations, but the substance regarding technological developments can be found scattered in other regulations and an approach to introducing cyber law is needed. towards business people and the wider community so as to create a legal function, namely as legal certainty and justice. Results: This development is accompanied by the development of the world of crime in the world of technology, namely cybercrime. This crime is a transnational crime and requires a more comprehensive approach to tackling this crime. In positive law, regulations related to cybercrime are regulated in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronics and updated in Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. However, the provisions regarding cybercrime in this law are not accommodated holistically. Suggestions: It is necessary to create a separate law regarding fintech which regulates cybercrime. It is necessary to regulate consumer protection accompanied by criminal sanctions whose elements regulate from upstream to downstream related to financial technology. Regulations at the statutory level provide legal certainty because in theory the hierarchy of statutory regulations has a higher status than regulations regarding fintech which are only regulated at the institutional regulatory level. Regulations at the statutory level also avoid overlapping regulations between state institutions, thereby creating legal certainty for fintech business actors.

Analysis of Fundamental Challenges in the Combat of Transnational Crimes

Transnational Crimes have existed in some form and to some degree since the inception of organized societies. They have remained prominent in popular culture and policies, evolving through different eras, under different political and economic conditions. These crimes encompass various offences ranging from organized to corporate and political crimes. Specifically, some of the crimes that are transnational in nature include human trafficking, cybercrimes, drug trafficking, migrant smuggling, sea piracy, terrorism amongst others. Globalization enlarged their markets, technological advancements accelerated their trends and the internet fostered development of looser transnational criminal networks. Despite the challenges posed by state sovereignty, the International Community have been actively involved in the suppression of transnational crimes. This is evidenced in the evolution of various Suppression Conventions, principal of which is the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). Several International Institutions such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) and the International Criminal Police Organization are also in place to combat transnational crimes. The effectiveness of these mechanisms has been clogged by democratic deficits over the development of Transnational Criminal Law, state complicity in transnational crimes, the absence of a transnational criminal justice system amongst other problems. Recommendations were made in the study for the legitimization of Transnational Criminal Law, establishment of an effective central and neutral authority to oversee international cooperation in transnational criminal matters, stronger infusion of human rights safeguards in transnational criminal justice, establishment of a multi-disciplinary team for the investigation and prosecution of transnational crimes amongst other recommendations. The doctrinal research method was adopted for the study as information contained in the research was gathered from consultation of both secondary and primary sources which are related to the subject of discourse.

Nigeria’s Border Porosity and Implications for National and International Security

The evolution of modern borders can be traced to the partitioning of Africa during the Berlin Conference negotiations from November 15, 1884 to February 26, 1885. The artificial borders so created are accompanied with extreme porosity leading to myriads of transnational and cross-border criminalities which threatens the peace, security and stability of the region as a whole and Nigeria in particular. This study therefore seeks to examine the causes of Nigeria’s border porosity, emerging cross-border related security threats, government and other stake holders efforts at curbing the menace and to interrogate the implications Nigeria’s Border porosity on peacebuilding, national and international security. Talcott Parson’s Theory of Functional Prerequisites served as the framework while the mixed method research design was adopted for the study. A total of eighty (80) respondents were sampled for the study while purposive sampling technique was employed to select participants who could provide valuable insights into the topic. This research has been able to highlight various factors responsible for Nigeria’s porous borders, the emerging cross-border related security threats, various efforts by government and other stakeholders in addressing the menace of border porosity and the various implications for peace, stability and security of the country. While the various efforts of government and other stakeholders are duly acknowledged, it must be stated that a lot more needs to be done to secure Nigeria’s borders. It is evident that addressing Nigeria’s border porosity is crucial for ensuring peace, stability, national and international security and mitigating the various security threats associated with illegal migration, proliferation of fire arms, trafficking (drug and human), transnational crimes, smuggling, banditry and terrorism holistically requires comprehensive strategies that focus on strengthening border control measures, enhance regional cooperation and collaboration, promote information sharing, develop joint strategies to combat transnational crimes, terrorism, cross-border conflicts, addressing root causes of insecurity, promoting development and governance in the region.

Investigating the Impact of Border Security Measures in Mitigating Smuggling: A Case Study of the Namibia-Angola Border

This study explores the interaction of border security and illicit trafficking at the Namibia-Angola border, utilizing a thorough research methodology based on theoretical concepts and real-world data. The research investigates the demographic characteristics of people engaged in smuggling, the extent of illegal trading, and the impact of existing border security measures through semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis, and content analysis. Discoveries show that there is a large number of young to middle-aged men involved in smuggling activities, with a variety of smuggled items from alcohol to firearms, and face significant obstacles in enforcing laws and coordinating actions. The research highlights the importance of implementing customized interventions that target socio-economic factors, improving surveillance technologies, and enhancing collaboration across borders to effectively reduce smuggling. Furthermore, suggestions include enhancing teamwork between Namibian and Angolan officials, raising fines on smuggled items, and enforcing harsher punishments for those who break the law. These observations add to academic discussion, guide policy creation, and identify areas for future study in border security and preventing transnational crime. Moreover, the study highlights the need for customized interventions that target socioeconomic variables, the advancement of surveillance technologies, and more cooperation between officials from Namibia and Angola. The recommendations include stronger cross-border cooperation, higher fines for illegal goods, and harsher punishments for violators. These observations enhance scholarly discourse, guide policy formulation, and identify areas that require more investigation in border security and transnational crime prevention. The final goal of the research is to address the underlying issues and current difficulties associated with smuggling to promote a more secure and cooperative border environment.

Lawful Remote Forensics Mechanism With Admissibility of Evidence in Stochastic and Unpredictable Transnational Crime

Lawful Remote Forensics Mechanism With Admissibility of Evidence in Stochastic and Unpredictable Transnational Crime

Unveiling Indonesia's migration and border governance: Challenges and imperatives post-pandemic

Indonesia's migration policy and border control strategy have given rise to complexities and weaknesses in both the COVID-19 period and its aftermath. This study examines the post-pandemic landscape of migration and border dynamics in Indonesia, investigating challenges posed by the Indonesian selective migration policy, emerging trends and patterns of people mobility, refugee inflows. Indonesia's migration policy and border management lack defined policy structures, political stands, and inadequate attention to emerging trends. International migration trends rise in Indonesia, although initially promising, it brings to light significant challenges such as irregular migration patterns, evolving cybercrime modus operandi, and transnational crime implications. The evolving global context requires a balance between facilitating movement, ensuring security, and promoting sustainability. We suggest four concepts for the migration and border control policy and concepts in Indonesia after the pandemic era.

ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN AND EUROPEAN UNION (EU) RELATIONSHIP STRATEGY OVERCOMING CYBER TERRORISM

This research discusses Indonesian National Security in handling entry of malware caused by the attack including cyber terrorism. Utilization Technology Increasing information and communication development has changed pattern groups certain to do actions that harm the media and cyberspace, it is known as cyber-terrorism. This research discusses cooperation between Indonesia and the EU in the field of cyber security and the emergence of cyber-terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses the theory of Cyber Terrorism and National Security from Ryan Cooper as a framework think. Besides that, this research uses method qualitative use studies literature with several sources related. The results of this study show that the European Union Convention on Cyber Terrorism as Regime International has proven to encourage Indonesia to make a constitution about security for Cyber terrorism as stated in Article 21 of the ITE Law. Cyberterrorism is qualified as a transnational Crime which refers to Article 3 of the United Nations Conventions against Transnational crime.

The Use of Databases in the Analysis of the Scene of Crime

The problems of using databases in the crime scene analysis are due to changes in the structure of crime, adaptation of innovative technologies to the needs of law enforcement, and protection of human rights. The complex of these aspects determines the relevance of the topic. The aim of the study is identifying the peculiarities of using databases in the crime scene analysis and the prospects for improving law enforcement activities with a view to crime trends. The research employed logical, comparative methods, forecasting. It was revealed that the mechanism of database creation and use is aimed at the fulfilment of the tasks of working with traces at the crime scene. Correspondence of databases to the needs of law enforcement activities is assessed through criteria grouped into resource, organizational and regulatory clusters. Prospective databases should take crime trends into account. The latest methods of working with traces are the final stage of the adaptation of research in the field of criminal justice. The academic novelty of the study consists in a critical examination of the use of databases in the crime scene analysis as a complex of the issues of communications and innovations in law enforcement activities. The study opens up prospects for the development of unified algorithms for information exchange for counteraction to transnational crime.

Religion (Islam) and International Relations: A Perspective

This article argues that religion (Islam) and international relations in the era of post-war globalization, have its own relevance and contextuality. So far, the international relations in the post-Cold War was marked by the rise of actors and issues. In the realm of actors, emerging non-state actors who perform various international relations practices both leading to cooperation and peace as well as toward conflict and conflict. The state is no longer a dominant actor although it remains the primary actor. In the realm of the issue, the concern of mankind is no longer focused on high politics in the form of matters of national security and military alone, but the issues that were originally included in the category of low politics were even more prominent. As an impact, disruption to international security and order is not a monopoly of the issue of national security. Non-traditional security threats such as environmental issues, the spread of disease, transnational crime and others, also threaten global peace. Conflicts of communal identity that are usually based on religion, ethnicity, race, clan, tribe, or other identity become one of the leading ones. And in such international situation, Islam is challenged to respond the complexities of today's international problems.