Transmission Of Video Information Research Articles

Assessment of flight range and transmission of video information when monitoring emergency situations from an unmanned aircraft in difficult meteorological conditions

The purpose of research. Modern unmanned aerial vehicles of various types provide the ability to perform various tasks of operational information collection, monitoring the state of the environment, technological facilities and territories, updating data on these facilities, as well as for reconnaissance and monitoring their condition. The purpose of the study is to establish the maximum flight range and distance necessary for the organization of a communication channel through which the video stream and flight control commands using the KAM-16 Turbo ¾ method will be transmitted between the ground control complex and the unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation.Methods are based on the basics of radio electronics, diagnostics and forecasting of the technical condition of aircraft. The methods of multicriteria analysis, parametric and structural synthesis were used. The principles of transmitting video images from drones used to monitor emergency situations were studied. A critical assessment of the maximum flight range of an unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation was carried out.Results. Analytical formulas for determining the energy potential of a data transmission channel in line of sight are presented. Graphs of the dependence of the energy reserve in the data transmission channel between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control system are presented, which make it possible to determine the maximum distance for transmitting video images in Full HD quality in the 2.4 GHz band. Calculations were carried out on the basis of complex analytical expressions and graphical dependences of the flight range of a micro UAV on the speed of tailwind and headwind were constructed. The maximum headwind speed is calculated, which does not allow the use of micro UAVs in blizzard conditions.Conclusion. A promising area of study of the use of UAV in emergency monitoring are micro-class copters capable of detecting victims by transmitting video information from a thermal imager during search and rescue operations in difficult weather conditions, such as snowstorms.

EQUIPPING THE RANGE WITH EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING TOOLS FOR THE TRAINING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATORS

It is substantiated that the loss of a control signal or a GPS navigation signal led more often to the loss of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). Therefore, when training drone operators, it is suggested to simulate the situation of loss of GPS navigation control signals. At the same time, the use of the Wi-Fi FPV video information transmission channel is proposed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the proposals for technical equipping of the test site with educational and training facilities for the training of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of drone control systems with the help of an operator (using streaming video in real time) and GPS navigation equipment are considered. It is shown that computer technologies are the basis of educational and training tools and systems of a modern training ground, which make it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of combat training of both an individual soldier and the coherence of the actions of entire units. With their help, on the basis of appropriate mathematical procedures, the environment is simulated with fairly high accuracy and a realistic picture of combat operations is reproduced. Further integration of modern software products into training equipment allows to expand their functional capabilities in the direction of increasing the quality characteristics of training while simultaneously minimizing material, resource and time costs. This will make it possible to combine separate types of weapons and military equipment, simulators of control devices, into a single training and modeling system for tactical personnel training in a single training complex. Keywords: abstract virtual models, algorithms, combat training, reproduction of environmental conditions, information processing tools, computer and information technologies, mathematical procedures, educational and training tools, tactical and technical requirements, artificial intelligence, machine learning, programs.

Evaluation of the Transmission Range of Videoinformation of Various Quality when Monitoring Emergency Situations from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The purpose of research The aim of the study is to estimate the maximum transmission range of video information of various quality from an unmanned aerial vehicle to predict its capabilities when monitoring an emergency situation. Methods. Research methods are based on the concepts of the theory of radio electronics, the theory of diagnostics and prognostics of the technical condition of unmanned aerial vehicles. The methods of multicriteria analysis, parametric and structural synthesis were used. The principles of transmitting video information from unmanned aerial vehicles used to monitor emergency situations are analyzed. A critical assessment of the maximum transmission range of video information from unmanned aerial vehicles during emergency monitoring has been made. Results. Graphs of the dependence of the energy reserve in the radio communication line between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control system have been obtained, allowing to estimate the maximum values of the transmission range of video information of various quality in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands when monitoring emergencies. The maximum line-of-sight range between the UAV and the UAV slightly depends on the lifting height of the antenna of the mobile UAV and at the lifting height of the UAV from 100 to 500 m is from 40 to 85 km. The maximum range of HD quality video transmission with the FM-4 UAV using Turbo 7/8 turbocoding in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands is 3 and 7 km, respectively, and when transmitting FHD quality video information with the CAM-16 UAV using Turbo 7/8 turbocoding in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands is 1.4 and 3.3 km. Conclusion. The development of a method for determining the maximum transmission distance of video and command-telemetry information allows for a more accurate assessment of the energy reserve in the radio communication line with an unmanned aerial vehicle. Unmanned aerial vehicles for direction finding and detection of rescue beacons of victims during search and rescue operations should be considered as promising areas of research in the field of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in emergency situations.

The Research on the Happiness Brought by Chinese Short Video Software Douyin to Chinese College Students

Douyin is now a popular short video app for Chinese college students. Most Chinese college students watch Douyin for entertainment. So how Douyin brings happiness to college students is worth studying. A questionnaire was made for college students to fill out to help with the study. Through data analysis of the questionnaire results, the conclusions are showed that first Chinese college students are attracted by entertaining videos on Douyin, and they like livestream function of Douyin most, which also brings them happiness. Douyin had become a form of entertainment among college students during the quarantine as well. Furthermore, fragmented video information transmission mode on Douyin makes some students think the joy they get is continuous, while others think it is transient. In addition, most students agree that Douyin is a vulgar way of entertainment, mainly due to the uneven quality of the videos on this platform. Overall, this study presented that Douyin does bring happiness to Chines college students. However, this kind of video content that brings students happiness is tacky to some extent and has no substantive meaning.

The Changing Face of Public Broadcasting in India

The invention of using radio waves, for sending voice signals over long distances, brought profound changes to human society. The idea was picked up, initially by enthusiasts called radio amateurs, and later by business entities, to start radio stations transmitting voice and music programs for public entertainment. This was the beginning of public broadcasting. Rapid progress in communication technology enabled transmission of video information in the same fashion, called television (TV). The development has been very rapid in the recent past. TV has finally reached the old concept of being the picture frame on the wall.

Vision systems as a type of information and telecommunications in matters of environmental monitoring water environment

To obtain high-quality video images characterizing the ecological condition of the underwater marine environment in real time, it is necessary to create modern automated systems for accumulating and processing video information, which are aggregated from autonomous underwater devices equipped with special technical means of control, in particular, television cameras. Technologies for environmental monitoring using these systems make it possible to study the seabed for the presence of unfavorable environmental factors and foreign objects, to identify them, as well as to map the seabed topography in order to provide the coordination center with a full volume of data on the bottom ecological situation. All this requires high-resolution video transmission from autonomous underwater devices. The traditional hydroacoustic underwater systems for accumulating and processing video information are being replaced by open systems for its optical transmission and reception, based on laser technologies. An obstacle for the wider use of hydroacoustic fields is the low speed of video information transmission to surface objects. The article substantiates the expediency of using open optical communication systems to create high-speed underwater information telecommunications, among which the most preferable are laser systems that have sufficient broadband, which is necessary to ensure a high video stream speed.

Высокоскоростной алгоритм передачи видеоинформации о чрезвычайных ситуациях на объектах транспорта

Современные интеллектуальные видеосистемы наблюдения стали все больше акцентироваться на передачу в реальном времени высококачественного видео различных важных событий, в том числе чрезвычайных ситуаций. Для высокопроизводительных систем передачи видеоинформации нового поколения необходимы эффективные структурные решения, способные как к высокой скорости передачи, так и к высокой точности вычисления. Такие структуры должны обрабатывать огромные последовательности изображений, при этом каждый видеопоток должен характеризоваться высоким разрешением с минимальным шумом и искажениями, потребляя при этом как можно меньше мощности. Спектральные алгоритмы обработки видеоинформации являются наиболее распространенным способом передачи в реальном времени, в частности дискретное косинусное преобразование. При этом исходное изображение подвергается преобразованию из пространственной в частотную область с целью сжатия путём уменьшения или устранения избыточности визуальных данных. Неявное вычисление преобразования последовательности 8-точечного массива приводит к эффективному сжатию, требующему не более пятикратного выполнения операции умножения. В статье предложены архитектура с низкой структурой сложности и метод преобразования изображений на основе алгебры целых чисел. Modern intelligent video surveillance systems have become increasingly focused on real-time transmission of high-quality video of various important events, including emergencies. For high-performance video information transmission systems of the new generation, efficient structural solutions are needed that are capable of both high transmission speed and high calculation accuracy. Such structures must process huge sequences of images, and each video stream must be characterized by high resolution and with minimal noise and distortion, while consuming as little power as possible. Spectral algorithms for processing video information are the most common method of transmission in real time, in particular the discrete cosine transform. In this case, the original image is transformed from the spatial to the frequency domain in order to compress by reducing or eliminating the redundancy of visual data. Implicitly calculating the sequence transformation of an 8-point array results in efficient compression, requiring no more than five times the multiplication operation. In this paper, we propose an architecture with a low complexity structure and image transformation method based on the algebra of integers

Temporal Masking with Luma Adjusted Interframe Coding for Underwater Exploration Using Acoustic Channel

Transmission of video information from a submerged sensory source may lead to numerous applications such as surveillance, deep sea exploration, monitoring and repairing of underwater oil pipes etc. Such application requires a real time video transmission. It is obviously a challenging task to achieve efficient underwater video transmission because of the limited channel bandwidth and water is not a uniform medium due to which the transmitted signal is more error prone. Due to the limited spectrum, transmitted information must be compressed in a way that its quality does not deteriorate and at the same time, it must achieve low bit rate. In this regard, we propose an algorithm of temporal masking with Luma adjustment to reduce the video information for efficient transmission and reduce the need of over compression. Proposed algorithm is applied on the moving picture expert group (MPEG) video standard. A 2D-least mean squared adaptive filter (LMSAF) is embedded at the receiver end in order to reduce the effect of aquatic noises and further compensate the overall quality. Motion in the video sequence is exploited to extract motion vectors for temporal masking and also to achieve desired bit rate for acoustic applications. Structural Similarity Index Matrix (SSIM) acquired by implementing the proposed algorithm is 0.908 while the standard H.264/AVC was 0.925, but the compression ratio was reduced to 5.03 in comparison to 7.33, which clearly shows the significance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the information size.

Method of maintainance of semantic integrity of videoresource is in the infocommunication systems

The presence of meaningful disbalance is grounded between the carrying capacities of modern infocommunication technologies and informative intensity of bit streams. Establishment is conducted that now base conception for the construction of technologies of compression presentation is a platform of JPEG. In accordance with what, it is suggested to organize further development of methods of treatment of videoresources with the use of separate component of platform of JPEG in the direction of increase of integrity of information in the conditions of providing of the required level of its availability. Development of method of exposure of meaningful segments is expounded from position of maintainance of semantic integrity of videoresource on the basis of the use of the system governed for a decision-making on information about structural-kombinatornayaproperties of mikrosegment on the brightness constituent of presentation of videoshot. System governed on authentication of segments of videoshot built taking into account the degree of their meaningfulness from position of maintainance of necessary level of integrity of objects of interest taking into account informative meaningfulness of local areas of videoshot, characterized greater homogeneity of the structural-kombinatornayaproperties. The need to create a system of comparison of indicators to estimate the amount of structural and statistical informativeness of micro-segments of images is shown. This allows one of three types of micro-segments to be identified. On the basis of which the system of rules of detection of the class of the entire segment of the video frame is based. It takes into account the importance of preserving the semantic and syntax integrity of the video frame. This makes it possible to establish with greater adequacy the informational role of each segment of the video from the point of view of its information and weight contribution to the preservation of semantic integrity and to reduce delays in processing (identification). At the same time, the informational significance of the segment takes into account its saturation with structural characteristics, which are components of objects of interest. Experimental assessments have been made of the total time delays in processing and transmitting video information in information communication systems, while maintaining the required level of reliability. The advantages of the created method are shown regarding existing methods of coding video frames using the JPEG platform.

Investigation of the mechanism for processing predicted frames in the technology of compression of transformed images in computer systems and special purpose networks

The analysis of image processing technologies shows the main practice way to improve the quality of image processing. It is a preliminary analysis and subsequent image processing. It depends on the result of the preliminary analysis (filtration, sharpening, noise reduction, etc.). However, when selection of the method of preliminary analysis, an intermediate evaluation of results, selection of the subsequent processing method, etc. decision makers involved. This is not acceptable for practical implementation in automatic processing and transmission of video information systems. The main difficulties in working with video are large volumes of transmitted information and sensitivity to delays in the video information transmission. Therefore, in order to eliminate the maximum redundancy amount in the formation of the video sequence, 3 types of frames are used: I, P and B which form a frame group. Therefore, the possibility of upgrading coding methods for P-frames is considered on preliminary blocks' type identification with the subsequent formation of block code structures. As the correlation coefficient between adjacent frames increases, the compression ratio of the differential-represented frame's binary mask increases. A mechanism for processing predicted frames in the technology of compression of transformed images in computer systems and special purpose networks has been created. It based on the using of filter masks and the definition of complexity structural indicators of video fragments. It allows us to increase the efficiency of contours detection, namely, the accuracy of the allocation and localization of the semantic component up to 30% with an insignificant increase in the total processing time (no more than 5%).

A Selective Video Encryption Scheme Based on Coding Characteristics

The protection of video data has become a hot topic of research. Researchers have proposed a series of coding algorithms to ensure the safe and efficient transmission of video information. We propose an encryption scheme that can protect video information with higher security by combining the video coding algorithm with encryption algorithm. The H.264/AVC encoding algorithm encodes the video into multiple slices, and the slices are independent of each other. With this feature, we encrypt each slice while using the cipher feedback (CFB) mode of the advanced encryption standard (AES) with the dynamic key. The key is generated by the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) and updated in real time. The encryption scheme goes through three phases: constructing plaintext, encrypting plaintext, and replacing the original bitstream. In our scheme, we encrypt the code stream after encoding, so it does not affect the coding efficiency. The purpose of the CFB mode while using the AES encryption algorithm is to maintain the exact same bit rate and produce a format compatible bitstream. This paper proposes a new four-dimensional (4-D) hyperchaotic algorithm to protect data privacy in order to further improve the security of video encryption. Symmetric encryption requires that the same key is used for encryption and decoding. In this paper, the symmetry method is used to protect the privacy of video data due to the large amount of video encrypted data. In the experiment, we evaluated the proposed algorithm while using different reference video sequences containing motion, texture, and objects.

효율적인 국방 영상정보 전송을 위한 확장비디오코딩(SVC) 및 균형선택 알고리즘 기반의 피투피(P2P) 비디오 스트리밍 기법 연구

최근 영상 장비와 기술이 발전함에 따라 우리 군에서도 작전지역에 대한 정보를 획득하고, 효율적인 지휘통제에 활용하기 위해 수많은 영상정보가 생산되어 활용되고 있다. 이때 현재 군내에서 활용하고 있는 영상 재생장비는 저성능의 전술용 다기 능 단말기(TMFT)로부터 고성능의 영상서버에 이르기까지 매우 다양하고, 영상이 전송되는 네트워크 또한 저속의 전술정보통 신체계(TICN)로부터 초고속의 국방광대역통합망(M-BcN)에 이르기까지 다양하다. 따라서 이기종(異機種) 통신장비 및 네트 워크 환경에서 국방 영상정보를 효율적으로 전송할 수 있는 스트리밍 기법이 필요하다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서 는 확장비디오코딩(SVC) 및 균형선택 알고리즘 기반의 피투피(P2P) 스트리밍 기법을 제안한다. 비토렌트 기반의 시뮬레이터 를 활용한 성능분석결과 우리가 제안하는 균형선택 알고리즘 기반의 스트리밍 기법은 순차선택이나 희소선택 알고리즘에 비해 우수한 성능을 보였다.

IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF MOTION COMPENSATION OF DYNAMIC OBJECTS MOVING IN VIDEO STREAM OF THE VIDEOCONFERENCING SYSTEM

Videoconferencing gives us the opportunity to work and communicate in real time, as well as to use collective applications, interactive information exchange. Videoconferencing systems are one of the basic components of the organization of manegment, ensuring, the timeliness and necessary quality management of the implementation of objective control over the solution of the tasks. The quality of the image and the time of transmission of video information is unsatisfactory for the quality control of the troops. Considered ways to increase the efficiency of management and operational activities, due to methods of compensation of motion, using technology to reduce the volume of video data for quality improvement.

The Intelligent Monitoring System for Power Station Security Based on Modular Design

为了提高无人值守电站的安防水平和快速处置突发事件的能力，本文提出开发模块化的电站安防智能巡检系统，采用模块化的设计思路，通过在电站关键部位布设特定的安防检测传感系统对电站安全状态进行不间断实时监测，一旦有异常发生，即可通过无线通讯系统通知便携式智能巡检系统管理中心，并启动视频联动系统，将隐蔽的摄像装置对准异常点，采集并发送视频信息到便携式智能巡检系统管理中心。巡检系统管理中心在收到异常报警信息后，启动声/光报警器，提醒人员留意，同时通过GPS自动定位自身位置并规划从当前位置到报警电站的最佳路径，引导巡逻车在最短的时间到达报警电站位置进行处理。论文对该系统实现的关键模块进行了设计分析，并对开发的系统进行试验测试，验证了所开发系统的实用性。 In order to improve the security level and the ability of the unattended power station to deal with emergencies rapidly, the idea of developing a modular intelligent inspection system for the security of power station was proposed in this paper. Using a modular design concept, we can carry out the continuous monitoring of the safety status by setting up a specific security detection and sensing system in the key parts of the power station. Once the status is abnormal, we can notify the portable intelligent inspection system management center through the wireless communication system, and start the video linkage system to collect and transmit video information to a portable intelligent inspection system management center with the hidden camera. After receiving the abnormal alarm information, the inspection system management center starts the sound/light alarm to remind people to pay attention. At the same time, according to the position of patrol car, it can plan the best path from the current location to the alarm station and guide the patrol car to reach the location of the alarm power station through GPS in the shortest time. In this paper, the implementations of the key technology and devices options are discussed in detail. The practicability of the developed system is verified by experiments and tests.

Ensuring the invariance of the pattern recognition system of the marine vessel systems in the process of fishing

Analysis of the existing algorithms for processing and transmitting video information for decision-making in information systems has shown that the existing algorithms do not consider the objective identification moments on the fishing fleet vessels. The problems of the impossibility of visualization of real images, clear separation of the object and the background, spatial arrangement of the points in the automated segmentation of digital images are displayed through the dependence by the features of adjacent frames in feature description methods. This necessitated the development of more detailed algorithms for the digital video data analysis, devoid of these shortcomings. This method involves the extraction of the contours of the object, which allowed to obtain a set of features and served as a basis for its analysis and recognition. Using the module of the normalized scalar product enabled to effectively solve the basic recognition problems - transfer, rotation and zooming of the object image. The assessment methods of digital video information were investigated. The main result of this study was the development of a tool for an integrated objective quality assessment of the data transmitted. The feature of the developed tool is that it is integrated into the Scanmar model that allows to simulate the multimedia processing and transmission networks with the assessment of quality losses in real time. The experiments, conducted using the developed tool, to assess the quality of video encoded by existing compression algorithms have shown that H.264 codec, which showed a higher video quality level than in similar compression by MPEG-4 and MJPEG codecs appears the most effective.

An Intelligent Lane Markers Recognition and Localization System Using Improved Hough Transform

According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, single vehicle road departures result in many serious accidents each year[1]. An intelligent lane markers recognition and localization system can assist vehicles stay in proper location of a lane that will reduce possibility of car accidents correspondingly. A great deal of lane recognition algorithms have been developed over the past several decades. However, reliable detection is still an issue because of variable road face conditions. An optimum algorithm, Probabilistic Hough Transform (PHT) is presented in this paper for intelligent Lane markers recognition which use a fixed camera installed on the vehicle to transmit video information. The result of experiment proved that under inconsistent illumination and a diversity of road conditions, the accuracy and efficiency of developed system have been improved greatly.

Design of Video Sensor Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Introduces a wireless video sensor, which is based on wireless sensor networks technique. It can be widely used including battlefield intelligence, security monitoring, and environmental tracking. The Zigbee communication protocols is based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard. With JPEG compression, the video can be transmitted through the low rate wireless network. Wireless video sensor nodes form mesh networks, and transmit video information to coordinator. The coordinator connects to monitor station, and the monitor software display the video from the nodes in the wireless networks.

전기 철도의 전력선 통신을 위한 전차선과 조가선의 통신 특성 분석

Power line communication, using 25[㎸] high voltage of railway catenary, is to provide information which is real-time safety information for train operations and train workers in driving. Lots of noise were occupied in the contact wire by electrical and communication equipments. A signal attenuation was caused characteristics of the contact wire and messenger wire. For relaying communications to transmit information using the contact wire, catenary the noise and signal attenuation were investigated. And the final goal of the study was realized to transmit video information by power line communication on electric railway.

A fine granular joint source channel coding method

An improved FGS (Fine Granular Scalability) coding method is proposed in this letter, which is based on human visual characteristics. This method adjusts FGS coding frame rate according to the evaluation of video sequences so as to improve the coding efficiency and subject perceived quality of reconstructed images. Finally, a fine granular joint source channel coding is proposed based on the source coding method, which not only utilizes the network resources efficiently, but guarantees the reliable transmission of video information.

A queueing system model for the design of feedback laws in rate-controlled MPEG video encoders

The MPEG standard is the most popular technique in video and audio encoding. However, when MPEG encoding is used to transmit video information, one intrinsic drawback is its high burstiness. A large number of proposed solutions to this problem implement encoding control schemes based mainly on on-line adjusting of the encoder quantizer level through the quantization parameter. However, the choice of the feedback law is still a challenge to make MPEG encoding suitable for transmission over the forthcoming guaranteed service scenarios, where a negotiated bandwidth profile is available for video transmission. Up to now, this problem has only been approached by using simulation; no analytical framework exists yet which allows designers to study the most effective feedback law for transmitting video in the network environment to be used. This paper introduces an analytical paradigm modeling a rate-controlled MPEG encoding system in which a feedback makes the quantizer scale parameter dependent on both the state of the output counter/buffer in the controller and the activity level of the frame to be encoded. To this end, an SBBP/D/N/K queuing system is used, where the SBBP (switched batch Bernoulli process) arrival process is varied according to the quantizer scale parameter chosen by the addressed feedback law at the frame level. The analytical framework allows us to evaluate system performance in terms of both the distortion introduced by the encoding system and the resulting output process statistics; it is general enough to be applied whatever the feedback law is, provided that the parameter to be varied is the quantizer scale parameter. A case study is introduced to assess the proposed framework.