Transmission Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Research Articles

Symptom- and chest-radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative adults and adults with unknown HIV status.

Symptom- and chest-radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative adults and adults with unknown HIV status.

Preventing Tuberculosis in Families of East Timor Expatriate Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia

Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease caused by rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli) known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The housing of East Timor expatriates in Indonesia is very close to each other, with unsanitary environmental conditions and poor ventilation, thus making this community vulnerable to disease transmission, especially of infectious diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aimed to examine the attitudes and behaviors associated with preventing tuberculosis in the families of East Timor expatriate tuberculosis patients. This was a descriptive study with a survey and observational approach. The sample consisted of 36 respondents and data were collected using a questionnaire with 27 questions about attitudes and behaviors to prevent TB transmission. The average age of the respondents was 38 years old. 53% of respondents were male and 42% graduated from elementary school. The results showed that 69% had a positive attitude to the prevention of pulmonary TB transmission in the family and 61% mostly behaved well in their behavior to prevent pulmonary TB transmission. Based on these findings, health workers need to improve health promotion programs with family empowerment methods, as well as advocate for the Government to pay attention to the quality of environmental sanitation and increase the number of patients who recover from TB.
 Keywords: tuberculosis, pulmonary, prevention and control

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay at Enat Hospital, Central Ethiopia.

Background Tuberculosis remains to be a public health threat in Ethiopia. However, the use of ill diagnostic methods and the lack of enough epidemiological information in the country contributed to the diagnostic delay and development of anti-TB drug resistance. Therefore, the present study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of pulmonary TB (PTB) and the development of drug resistance using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in Merhabete district, Central Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional, health facility-based study was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020. Bacteriological examination and GeneXpert molecular diagnostic methods were used for the detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (RR). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the possible association of risk factors with the occurrence of PTB and RR. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence rates of PTB and RR M. tuberculosis were 11.2% and 15.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that being in the age group of 49-64 years was significantly associated with the occurrence of TB (P = 0.01). The odds of HIV-positive and retreatment study participants to be infected by M. tuberculosis were much more than those of HIV-negative and newly treated cases, respectively (P < 0.05). However, none of the sociodemographic and clinical patient characteristics was significantly associated with the development of RR-TB (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the present study, high prevalence rates of PTB and RR M. tuberculosis were observed. The findings, which were attributed to different risk factors, suggested an urgent need for appropriate intervention measures to reduce the transmission of PTB and the development of anti-TB drug resistance in the study area.

Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Working Area of Perumnas Public Health Center Kendari City

Kendari City is the area with the highest number of TB cases in Southeast Sulawesi Province with a total of 488 cases in 2019. Preliminary data at the Perumnas Public Health Center showed that there were 49 TB cases in 2019. This study aims to determine the risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary TB in the Work Area. Public Health Center. This study uses a case control design. The study population was 105 patients, with a sample consisting of 44 case samples and 44 control samples, which were taken by simple random sampling. Data analysis using Chi Square test and Odds Ratio. From the results of the study, it was found that there were significant risk factors between smoking habits (OR = 5,156), contact history (OR = 8,333), occupancy density (OR = 2,544), knowledge (OR = 3,852) and ventilation (OR = 3,071) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberkulosis. The conclusion of this study is smoking habits, contact history, occupancy density, knowledge, and ventilation are risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary tuberkulosis at the Perumnas Public Health Center. Therefore, it is suggested to the health workers of the Puskesmas are expected to continue to provide health promotion and improve work programs related to pulmonary TB in order to increase knowledge and awareness of the community to prevent transmission of pulmonary TB.

Franz Tappeiner (1816-1902): The physician who became headhunter. Portrait of a leading figure in 19th Century anthropology.

Franz Tappeiner (1816, Laas - 1902, Merano) was an Austrian physician and anthropologist. He studied at the universities of Prague, Padua and Vienna and in 1846 he moved to Merano. Tappeiner investigated the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models and he dealt with public health. As an anatomist, he performed thousands of craniometrics measurements, creating a huge skull collection later donated to the Natural History Museum in Vienna. In 1878, Tappeiner turned to archeology and palaeoanthropology, with the aim of clarifying the origins of the Alpine population of Tyroleans. He was also active as a botanist.

Application of Bottle SOSA And Promotions To Reduce The Risk Of Transmission Of Pulmonary TB In Men's Prison, Deli Serdang District

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A report from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of North Sumatra Province stated that during the period 2009-2011, new cases of pulmonary TB in prison / remand centers tended to increase every year, the increase was an average of 7.2%. Based on the above background, dedication needs to be done to apply the SOSA bottle along with the promotion of prevention of pulmonary TB transmission in an effort to reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in assisted residents in the Male Prison, Deli Serdang Regency. Community service activities have been carried out with the socialization of the SOSA bottle application method which is carried out by the method of providing counseling videos and training for the introduction of SOSA bottles as a promotional medium in reducing the risk of pulmonary TB transmission. The WBP was recruited to attend training and become a Training of Trainer (TOT) by forming a peer group of 10 small groups in each prison. It is hoped that the service activities can continue with good cooperation with partners.

Franz Tappeiner (1816–1902) and his pioneering studies on tuberculosis

Franz Tappeiner (1816–1902) was an Austrian scientist: physician and anthropologist. He studied medicine at the universities of Prague and Padua, and completed his medical education receiving his doctorate in 1843 in Vienna. Tappeiner investigated the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models and he dealt with public health, in particular Merano's welfare and public health regulations. In 1877, in the Anatomical and Pathological Institute of Munich led by the German pathologist Ludwig von Buhl (1816–1880), Tappeiner studied the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models, by exposing dogs to sputum of phthisic patients affected by this disease. He was able to show that phthisis and tuberculosis were the same disease, which could be spread through inhalation. These studies were pioneering and preceded by 10 years the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus by Robert Koch (1843–1910) in 1882. The research activities of Tappeiner were focal in tracking the future path for Koch's discovery and represent milestones in the history of tuberculosis.

Increase Family Knowledge of Lung Tuberculosis Prevention Attitudes

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is one of the problems that cause the biggest death after cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease number one from group one of the infectious disease group which is still an unresolved problem in the world, even in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the effect of knowledge and attitudes on the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in the family. The method used is Case Study Design starting from the data collection stage, namely Case Study is a form of research from a problem that has specific characteristics with individual, family, or group targets, even the wider community. The results showed that after giving health education, there was an increase in the level of knowledge and attitude of prevention efforts in the Pretest and Posttest scores. The level of family knowledge is good at 75%, while 25% is still vulnerable to lack of knowledge. Then for the attitude of prevention efforts obtained 100% data in good prevention efforts. In conclusion, the better the level of knowledge, the better the prevention of Tuberculosis in the family of the Community Health Center in Slipi Village.

PERAN KELUARGA UNTUK MENCEGAH PENULARAN TB PARU DALAM KELUARGA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GAJAH DEMAK

According to the health profile of Demak, the number of TB in Gajah health center ranks 6th out of 20 places. Total cases is 924 sufferes, with the number of BTA+ patients as a whole as many as 516 patients. In doing disease prevention efforts not only be done by the client itself or health workers alone but also play a role, so it takes the role of family to prevent the occurrence of transmission of pulmonary TB disease in the working area of Gajah Health Center Demak District. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The purpose of this research is to knowing deeply the five roles of family in knowing, deciding, taking care, modifying environment and utilizing health facility to prevent transmission of pulmonary TB disease in working area of Gajah Health Center of Demak Regency. From the results of this study, most of the informants did not know about the understanding of TB disease but, in general the role of the family to prevent transmission of pulmonary TB was good enough, although it was still not optimal because, there were still a number of efforts to prevent TB transmission that were not done by the family. For example, families do not understand the duties and functions of PMO, do not separate the use of eating utensils with patients pulmonary TB, and do not pay attention to the importance of reminding people with pulmonary TB when coughing. Suggestion of this research result for Puskesmas Gajah of Demak Regency in order to add and modify program of Lung TB prevention. In addition to regular monitoring or regular home visits to monitor the treatment and prevention of TB transmission done by the family at home.

Hubungan Lingkungan Fisik Rumah Dengan Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru Di Puskesmas Kuala Tungkal II, Jambi

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between occupancy, ventilation area, humidity, temperature, lighting, and floor conditions on pulmonary tuberculosis. This was a case-control study with the number of samples as many 60 cases of positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 60 control, not pulmonary tuberculosis patients and applied logistic regression analysis. The result of the bivariate analysis was showing that there was a correlation between pulmonary tuberculosis disease with the physical house condition crowded household, ventilation, room temperature, humidity of the house, lighting, and floor condition p-value indicates a row of ((0.002, 0.028, 0.010, 0.006, 0.003, 0.009). Results of regression analysis showed that ventilation is the most dominant factor affecting pulmonary tuberculosis disease OR (2,207). The conclusion of this study, there is relationship between crowded household, ventilation, room temperature, humidity, light intensity and floor condition with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Recommended to pay attention to healthly house sanitary aspects in terms of crowded household, ventilation, room temperature, light intensity, floor condition, habit of opening the windows in the morning and increase hygiene and healthy behaviors to prevent transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis and doing health promotion for the community.

Meteorological factors contribute to the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: A multicenter study in eastern China

BackgroundMost studies on associations between meteorological factors and tuberculosis (TB) were conducted in a single city, used different lag times, or merely explored the qualitative associations between meteorological factors and TB. Thus, we performed a multicenter study to quantitatively evaluate the effects of meteorological factors on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). MethodsWe collected data on newly diagnosed PTB cases in 13 study sites in Jiangsu Province between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019. Data on meteorological factors, air pollutants, and socioeconomic factors at these sites during the same period were also collected. We applied the generalized additive mixed model to estimate the associations between meteorological factors and PTB. ResultsThere were 20,472 newly diagnosed PTB cases reported in the 13 study sites between 2014 and 2019. The median (interquartile range) weekly average temperature, weekly average wind speed, and weekly average relative humidity of these sites were 17.3 °C (8.0–24.1), 2.2 m/s (1.8–2.7), and 75.1% (67.1–82.0), respectively. In the single-meteorological-factor models, for a unit increase in weekly average temperature, weekly average wind speed, and weekly average relative humidity, the risk of PTB decreased by 0.9% [lag 0–13 weeks, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.5, −0.4], increased by 56.2% (lag 0–16 weeks, 95% CI: 32.6, 84.0) when average wind speed was <3 m/s, and decreased by 28.1% (lag 0–14 weeks, 95% CI: −39.2, −14.9) when average relative humidity was ≥72%, respectively. Moreover, the associations remained significant in the multi-meteorological-factor models. ConclusionsAverage temperature and average relative humidity (≥72%) are negatively associated with the risk of PTB. In contrast, average wind speed (<3 m/s) is positively related to the risk of PTB, suggesting that an environment with low temperature, relatively high wind speed, and low relative humidity is conducive to the transmission of PTB.

FAMILY SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PATIENTS MOTIVATION PREVENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which usually attacks the lungs. The increasing number of TB patients will result in an increase in TB transmission in the community. The lack of prevention measures of TB transmission occurs because the patient has less motivation in preventing the transmission of disease. This study aims to determine the relationship of family social support with patient motivation in preventing transmission of pulmonary TB in Negara Sub-district 2019. This study is quantitative study and used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was pulmonary TB patients in the Negara sub-district with a total sample of 43 respondents. The research sample used a Simple Random Sampling technique. Analysis of the study using Spearman’s Rho. Family social support the most lung TB people are in good category 37 (86%). The motivation of patients in preventing the transmission of the most lung TB in the category of good 40 (93%). The results of the research analysis state P = 0.005 (P = 0.05). There is a relationship between the social support of the family with the motivation of the patient in preventing the transmission of lung TB.

The Behavior of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With The Occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in the Family at Working Area Prambon Health Center Nganjuk Regency

Pulmonary tuberculosis can be transmitted to anyone, especially members of the family who have a history of direct contact with patient. The tranmission in the family can be terminated if the patient has practiced good prevention of transmission. The purpose was determine relationship of Behavior of Patients with The Occurrence of Pulmonary tuberculosis Transmission in the Family. Study design is a correlation with a cross sectional approach. The research was conducted on 27 February-14 March 2020. The population were 54 patients pulmonary tuberculosis. Samples were 39 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Data Collecction using a questionnaire. Data analysis using the Coefficient Contingency with α = (0,05). The Coefficient Contingency test results p-value = 0,000 ≤ α = (0,05) and relationship The Behavior of Pulmonary tuberculosis Patients with The Occurrence of Pulmonary tuberculosis Transmission in the Family. Good prevention behavior plays an important role in breaking the chain of transmission.

Influence of Health Belief Model and Motivation with Prevention of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in Public Health Center Gurah Kediri Regency

Tuberculosis is a health problem, both in terms of mortality or mortality, and the incidence rate of disease or morbidity. This infectious disease is mostly caused by the germ mycobacterium tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of health belief models and motivation with the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission.&#x0D; The design used in the study is correlational analytics with a cross sectional method approach. While the sample in this study which is Some people with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Gurah Health Center with BTA (+) as many as 22 respondents. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. Spearman Rhodengan test analysis of the level of significanceα=0.05, so as to be able to answer the purpose of the study.&#x0D; Based on Spearman Rho correlation statistical test, obtained p 0.001 result for health belief model and p 0.021, which means that the values p 0.001 and 0.021 &lt; 0.05. From the results obtained that H1 received which means there is an influence of health belief model and motivation with the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in Gurah Health Center Kediri Year 2020.&#x0D; It was concluded that the prevention of transmission of Pulmonary TB disease can be improved reciprocal relationship between health workers, families and sufferers with self-awareness of the adverse effects of Pulmonary TB disease.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECEMASAN ANGGOTA KELUARGA PADA PENULARAN TB PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SEMBIRING DELI TUA

Lungs Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by microbial tuberculosis. In 2015 the results of WHO data, Indonesia was among the top 6 countries with the most cases of lungs TB. For the community, TB disease has become a threat, because if one family member has TB then it might affect other family members, one of which will cause anxiety about transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with anxiety of family members in pulmonary TB transmission in sembiring public hospital. The method of this study was observational analytic with cross sectional approach with the sample in this study were 25 family members of lungs tuberculosis patients. An instrument of anxiety research use questionnaire of State Anxiety Invntory (S-Ai) Form Y. Statistical test used Chi Square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between age factors with family member anxiety on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.005 (p <0.05), this study shows that there is a significant relationship between sex factors with anxiety of family members on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.002 (p <0.05), this study showed that there was a significant relationship between factors of knowledge and anxiety of family members on transmission of lungs TB at sembiring public hospital with p value 0.003 (p <0.05), this study shows that there is a significant relationship between attitudinal factors and family members' anxiety on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.009 (p <0.05). Suggestions for health agencies are expected to provide additional insight, information and also the basis for optimizing the handling of anxiety by family members about transmission of lungs TB.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECEMASAN ANGGOTA KELUARGA PADA PENULARAN TB PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SEMBIRING DELI TUA

Lungs Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by microbial tuberculosis. In 2015 the results of WHO data, Indonesia was among the top 6 countries with the most cases of lungs TB. For the community, TB disease has become a threat, because if one family member has TB then it might affect other family members, one of which will cause anxiety about transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with anxiety of family members in pulmonary TB transmission in sembiring public hospital. The method of this study was observational analytic with cross sectional approach with the sample in this study were 25 family members of lungs tuberculosis patients. An instrument of anxiety research use questionnaire of State Anxiety Invntory (S-Ai) Form Y. Statistical test used Chi Square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between age factors with family member anxiety on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.005 (p &lt;0.05), this study shows that there is a significant relationship between sex factors with anxiety of family members on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.002 (p &lt;0.05), this study showed that there was a significant relationship between factors of knowledge and anxiety of family members on transmission of lungs TB at sembiring public hospital with p value 0.003 (p &lt;0.05), this study shows that there is a significant relationship between attitudinal factors and family members' anxiety on transmission of lungs TB at the sembiring public hospital with p value 0.009 (p &lt;0.05). Suggestions for health agencies are expected to provide additional insight, information and also the basis for optimizing the handling of anxiety by family members about transmission of lungs TB.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU TENTANG PUTUS OAT (OBAT ANTI TUBERCULOSIS) DI RSU IPI MEDAN TAHUN 2019

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease that attacks the lungs which is typically characterized by the formation of granulomas causing tissue neocrosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by "mycrobacterium tuberculosis" a type of rod-shaped germ with a length of 1-4 / mm and a thickness of 0.3 -0.6 / mm. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 stated that the number of tuberculosis sufferers in Indonesia was around 528 thousand or in third place in the world after India and China. The WHO report in 2009 recorded Indonesia's ranking according to fifth position with the number of tuberculosis sufferers of 429 thousand people, namely India, China, South Africa, Nigeria, and Indonesia (source WHO Global Tuberculosis Control 2010). This study aims to describe the knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis patients about anti-tuberculosis drug withdrawal at RSU IPI Medan who is experiencing pulmonary tuberculosis. The sampling technique used in this research is Probability Sampling with the Random Sampling technique. Then the number of samples is 40 respondents. researchers used primary data. With the results of the study, it is hoped that respondents will increase their knowledge by finding out and caring about the health of others in order to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis and change bad behavior for the better, with the participation and cooperation of medical personnel and other health teams in provide precise and accurate information.

Identification of New Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Aceh Besar District Using Ordinary Criging

Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The risk level of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear of acid-resistant bacteria (BTA). BTA is greater hight risk than pulmonary tuberculosis with negative smear. This study aims to predict areas of the number of new BTA positive tuberculosis cases in Aceh Besar district spatially using the kriging method. The data used are secondary data coordinate the point of the number of new cases of positive smear tuberculosis in each puskesmas in the province of Aceh in 2015-2017. The experimental semivariogram calculation is the first step in estimating using ordinary kriging, which is a reference for getting the parameters to be used in theoretical semivariogram calculations. In this case, the semivariogram suitable for new cases of smear positive tuberculosis is the one of the Spherical model. The sill value used is 126.530, the nugget=62, while the range used is based on the distance of each class = 0.158. The results of the analysis showed that the regions with the lowest positive BTA Tuberculosis prediction cases were around Pulo Aceh Sub-District, Montasik Sub-District, and Indrapuri Sub-District, with less than 15 cases. Whereas the region with the most positive predictions of new cases of BTA Tuberculosis was around Baitussalam Sub-District and Jantho City, with more than 30 cases.

Penyuluhan Pencegahan Tuberkulosis untuk Meminimalisasi Penularan pada Masyarakat Lanjut Usia di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the highest prevalence of infectious diseases in the world. More than 90% of TB cases and deaths come from developing countries, one of which is Indonesia. The village of Tanjung Harap in Serdang Bedagai Regency still has a high rate of tuberculosis in the elderly. This can occur because of the low awareness of healthy living and knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis. This counseling activity is intended so that the community, especially the elderly, know the dangers of pulmonary TB infectious diseases and know the precautions and when symptoms have arisen. Counseling was carried out by means of questionnaires, lectures, and video screenings about prevention and what actions should be taken as prevention of infectious diseases, especially pulmonary tuberculosis, this activity ends with blood pressure checks and vital signs. The results of this counseling showed a positive impact and increased knowledge to protect themselves and prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. Based on the results of the activities carried out, it can be concluded that this has an influence on the insight, knowledge and concern of the community, especially the elderly who are in the village of Tanjung Harap Serdang Bedagai Regency . DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4227

Analysis of the Use of Bags and Bottle Plastic Containers and Drug Compliance Based on Drug Swallowing Supervisor (DSS) in Reducing the Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission

Tuberculosis (TB) is still prevalent in Indonesia. In 2016, TB’s incidence rate is estimated 129 per 100,000population. In order to reduce the incidence, reducing the risk of transmission through the patient sputumdrug compliance is essential.This is quasi-experimental study design. There are 3 groups, which are the intervention group that receivesbag waterproof plastic container, bottle waterproof plastic container that both contains a 4-chloroalphaphenyl-o-cresol (klorofenol) desinfectant with concentration of 5% as a killer of TB bacilli accompanied bypromotional messages and control group (without intervention). The population is all patients with pulmonaryTB Acid Fast Bacilli positive (AFB+) aged &gt; 12 years old who come for treatment to all community healthcenters that have Microscopic Reference Center (MRC) facility and use Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) strategy in Medan. The sample is selected by consecutive sampling.There is a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) of the risk of pulmonary TB transmission according to the role ofthe DSS between the treatment groups using plastic bags containers and plastic bottles with control group.There is a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission based on drugcompliance between the treatment groups using plastic bagcontainers and plastic bottles with control group.The use of containers containingthe killer disinfectant of TB bacilli in sputum accompanied by promotional messages on the walls of thecontainer is effective in reducing the risk of TB transmission from patients with Acid Fast Bacilli positive(AFB+) pulmonary TB.