Transmission Method Research Articles

Optimizing multi-resource-based energy supply chains in developing economies: A periodic review model for affordable and sustainable solutions

Electricity shortages are prevalent in developing countries, further exacerbated by the advocacy of zero-carbon policies to mitigate global climate change. This transition away from fossil fuels poses significant challenges in establishing cost-effective and sustainable energy supply networks. To tackle these challenges, this research assesses the influence of operational efficiencies, advancements in transmission technology, and strategic facility placements on the design of energy supply chains. We prioritize factors such as investment requirements, transmission yield, energy mix, carbon emissions, and social costs. We construct a robust optimization model with stochastic parameters that examines extreme scenarios. Applying this framework to a real-world case in Pakistan spanning a 30-year planning horizon, we present a novel approach that simultaneously diversifies raw material reserves while determining optimal power generation capacity and transmission technologies. Our analysis shows that integrating renewable energy resources and changing transmission methods within the current energy mix can yield an affordable and sustainable energy supply chain, reducing reliance on coal. Consequently, the study case demonstrates substantial reductions in carbon emissions and social costs by 85.68 % and 17.81 %, respectively, in the second and third 10-year planning intervals.

Comparative Study on Economic Benefit Evaluation Methods for Power Transmission and Transformation Construction Projects Under DB Mode

By introducing and comparing the commonly used economic benefit evaluation methods for power transmission and transformation construction projects under the Design and Build(DB) mode, the paper investigates which method should be used for different purposes of economic benefit evaluation. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and their application conditions have been discussed in depth so as to provide useful references for the economic evaluation work.

Exploring the Role of Conceptual Art for the New Museology – Conceptual Art as Method in Revisiting Objects, Their Display, and Heritage Institutions

ABSTRACT In the context of the recent involvement of contemporary art in the field of museology, my article aims to point out the revolutionary role that conceptual art played in the understanding of heritage. This article argues that conceptual art crucially advanced the critical redefinition of the nature, value, display, role, and agency of the heritage object. Due to the specific understanding of the “object” and the institutional critique discourse it established, conceptual art significantly furthered the development of new methodologies in museological practice since the beginning of the twentieth century. Although new museology gradually involved contemporary art, a theory of its specific modus operandi in this context and – as will be argued – the particular contribution of conceptual art have not been systematically pursued so far. This article will demonstrate how the involvement of conceptual, performative, and multi-disciplinary artistic practices as well as display strategies have contributed to the elaboration of innovatory, critical, de-colonial, and inclusive methods of heritage transmission.

Adaptive Whitening and Feature Gradient Smoothing-Based Anti-Sample Attack Method for Modulated Signals in Frequency-Hopping Communication

Adaptive Whitening and Feature Gradient Smoothing-Based Anti-Sample Attack Method for Modulated Signals in Frequency-Hopping Communication

Revolutionizing Heart Monitoring with Oximetry

Innovative medical gadgets are now critically needed to monitor and analyze the situation, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of this, a portable, affordable, IOT-based heart rate and SpO2/level sensor device with effective performance has been developed. In order to publish data to a software web page and display data on the OLED, the suggested system has an integrated LED with basic internet access. Its mobility, user-friendliness, and distinctive method of sending collected data are its key qualities. data online, enabling it to perform better than the solutions that are currently on offer in a number of ways. The project is designed in such a way that the analogue quantities which are to be recorded continuously are taken and converted into corresponding digital values using a six-channel ADC. Here we consider temperature and monitor the heart rate. The processed data from ADC is sent to the microcontroller. With the help of a six-channel ADC, the project's architecture transforms the analogue numbers that must be continuously recorded into equivalent digital values. Here, we keep an eye on the heart rate and take the temperature into account. The microcontroller receives the data from the ADC that has been processed. The microcontroller is designed to continuously monitor the status of the sensors. To transfer sensor data to the server web page in the form of a database, the microcontroller and the Wifi Module will be interfaced using serial connection. Monitoring physiological data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, offers a new avenue for ease of control and prevention in modern healthcare. Consequently, a new era of proactive, intelligent healthcare would emerge—especially considering the major barrier of scarce medical resources. It was shown how to use a mobile ECG monitoring service hosted in the cloud. With the use of a pulse oximeter and a wireless transmission method like WI-FI, these may identify ECG signals and display them on a screen. IOT based on ECG monitoring has been the subject of various works.

Building and evaluating the performance of a digital data transmission system over a noisy Rician fading channel using a 16-QAM modulator, Hamming source encoding, and BCH channel encoding

In today's digital age, digital data transmission methods are becoming popular. In a wireless communication environment, interference can cause data loss and distortion. In this paper, the author builds and evaluates the performance of a data transmission system using a noisy Rician fading channel. This system combines the use of 16-QAM modulators, Hamming source coding, and BCH channel coding to improve the reliability of data transmission. The performance evaluation of the system is conducted under different interference conditions. The results show that the proposed system is capable of detecting and correcting errors in transmitted data and has good anti-interference ability.

Historical Development and Literacy Transmission of the Poya Songbook

The Poya Songbook, an integral part of Zhuang traditional culture, embodies rich music and folklore passed down through generations. This study aims to examine the historical development and literacy transmission of the Poya Songbook for education and literacy studies in Funing County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Drawing upon a combination of ethnographic methods and semiotic analysis, the research delves into the intricate journey of the Poya Songbook, contrasting its state before and after the pivotal year 2006, when it received official recognition as an intangible cultural heritage. Three key informants, deeply rooted in the local cultural milieu, provide valuable insights into the songbook’s transformation, its role in education, and the challenges of preserving its authenticity amidst modern influences. The data analysis discerns shifts in transmission methods, content, and performance, shedding light on the evolving relationship between tradition and cultural identity. The findings underscore the importance of balancing preservation with adaptation to ensure the continued vitality of this cherished cultural heritage. Suggestions for the sustained safeguarding of the Poya Songbook include innovative educational initiatives that integrate its teachings into contemporary curricula, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of Zhuang cultural identity.

The Transmission and Literacy Role of Cultural Memory of Traditional Houses in the Context of Rural Revitalization

This research is part of the “Ancient Xuzhou Houses in China: Cultural Memory, Symbol and Process Reconstruction in the Context of Rural Revitalization” project. Traditional houses contain a large amount of cultural value, literacy role, and historical memory. In order to sort out the transfer process more clearly between memory and people, this study set three research objectives. First, spatial memory transmission and literacy role needs to be studied and analyzed. Then, on this basis, we will further study the method of spatial memory transmission and literacy role. Finally, the appropriate medium for spatial memory transmission is analyzed. This study used descriptive analysis to summarize and discuss the results. The results show that spatial memory transmission and literacy is a process of maintaining and transmitting social and cultural values through the use and evolution of architecture and spatial design over time. Symbols in the memory space of residential buildings are containers for storing memories, just like a mobile hard drive that records relevant memory information. Residential buildings and people are like two devices that convey information and communicate through symbols. After comparison, in the dimension of cultural memory, symbols are more social and cultural and are more suitable as a medium for transmitting spatial memory and literacy role under cultural identity. This article explains the relationship between symbols and spatial memory, through spatial memory transmission to describe how common memories are shared and reproduced among collective members through cultural memory, literacy role and symbolic translation. It can transmit cultural and historical memories between different generations and acquires the importance of spatial positioning and environmental interaction in transmitting cultural memory.

Received signal evaluation for Ultra High Frequency (UHF)terrestrial television; Case of Ekiti State, Nigeria

This paper presents the evaluation of the received signal for UHF channel 41, (transmitting frequency of 631.25 MHz) and Star-times (transmitting frequency of 618 MHz). Using a Digital Field Strength Meter, the signal strength from the two UHF Transmitting Stations was measured throughout the state along two routes. The elevation, geographic coordinates, and line of sight of the various data points from the base stations were determined using a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. Regression analysis and correlation were used in the signal assessment process. Analysis of the data collected from the field measurements indicated that as line of sight increases signal strength reduces along all the routes for Ekiti Television (EKTV) and Star-times except along Route B for Star-times. Line of Sight and Elevation have a strong negative connection in almost all routes except along route A for star-times. Elevation and Signal strength correlation indicated negatively very high except for that along route B for EKTV and route A for Star-times. Regression analysis revealed that variance in Line of Sight and Elevation accounted for high significant changes in signal strength for EKTV and consistently very high changes for Star-times. Generally, it was observed that distance from the base station, topography/elevation, power of the transmitter, nature of signal (Digital/Analog) as shown for regression analysis and other factors affected the quality of service of the propagated signal. Terrestrial Television stations should ensure they transmit with the standard parameters. To improve service quality, the transition from analog to digital should be accelerated in Nigeria such that most stations transmit via the standard Digital method of transmission.

Continuous heart monitoring in patients with pulmonary hypertension smartwatches and direct transmission to their electronic health records: A trial design.

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease for which early treatment interventions are essential. Traditionally, patients undergo periodic clinical assessments. However, recent advances in wearable technology could improve the quality and efficiency of follow-up monitoring in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Trial designTo our knowledge, this is the first study describing direct data transmission from a smartwatch to patients' electronic health records. It implements a novel update and customised program to continuously and automatically transmit data from a smartwatch to the patient's electronic healthcare records. It will evaluate continuous monitoring in patients with pulmonary hypertension and monitor their physical activity time, heart rate variability, and heart rate at rest and during physical activity via a smartwatch. It will also evaluate the data transmission method, and its data will be assessed by the treating physicians supplemental to clinical practice.Smartwatch integration promises numerous advantages: comprehensive cardiovascular monitoring and improved patient experience. Our continuous smartwatch monitoring approach offers a solution for earlier detection of clinical worsening and could be included as a combined endpoint in future clinical trials. It could improve patient empowerment, enhance precision medicine, and reduce hospitalisations. The user-friendly smartwatch is designed to minimise disruption in daily life. ConclusionThe ability to transfer real-time data from wearable devices to electronic health records could help to transform the treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension and their follow-up monitoring outside a clinical setting, enhancing the efficiency of healthcare delivery.

Multicast Radar Data Transmission Using the Tunnel in Tunnel Method and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Filtering by Utilizing the Internet Network

This research proposes the implementation of multicast radar data transmission using the tunnel in tunnel method by utilizing the installed IP VPN network. The background of this study is the failure in radar data transmission resulting in a change of service from surveillance to procedural service, as well as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on aviation organizations. The purpose of this implementation is to enhance flight safety while achieving cost efficiency for the company. Objectives include changing transmission methods, budget efficiency, improving operational safety, compliance with international standards, and support for the concept of flight information management. Advantages of multicast radar data transmission include centralized IP base, ease of monitoring, and the use of FO converters for surge protection. Implementation is based on aviation regulations, international standards, and partnership contracts. Contingency plans cover network and device failure scenarios. Cost benefit analysis shows significant financial gains from this implementation. It is hoped that this research will make a positive contribution to improving efficiency and operational safety in aviation.

Design and optimization of a flexible fiber-conducted laser light guide plate system

As the demand for slim liquid crystal displays (LCDs) continues to rise in the lighting and visual display fields, the edge-lit backlight structure has received significant attention. However, the edge-lit backlight structure cannot function properly without a light guide plate (LGP) system. This study proposes a novel LGP system employing a laser as the light source and utilizing optical fiber as a waveguide. The design transmits a laser beam into the LGP through an optical fiber, adds microstructure and reflective surfaces, and optimizes the layout of the microstructure. Under the condition that a single point light source is used as the incident light source of the system, the illumination uniformity of the light output surface is finally realized to be as high as 95.8 %, and the light transmission efficiency is as high as 79.7 %. Next, the light output performance of the LGP was measured in the case of single-point light entry on the short side of the strip LGP, and the difference between the test results and the simulation data was within 5 %. The system adopts the fiber optic transmission method of electro-optical separation, which has certain application prospects in the fields of underwater detection, decorative lighting and urban landscape.

Social Media and COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Self-Reported Effects on Users

Introduction: Social media plays a crucial role in disseminating information, which can be particularly valuable during the COVID-19 pandemic if the information is accurate. However, inaccurate or rumored information can increase the pressure on users. Despite this, there has been no study in Iran on the effects of social media on users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this analytical study aimed to determine the positive and negative effects of social media on users during the pandemic.Material and Methods: The psychological effects of social media on users have also been investigated from their point of view. The study included 384 social media users who were surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample was selected using virtual snowball sampling, and the collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods.Results: Based on users' self-reports, the most significant impact of social media was attributed to informing people about the transmission methods of the disease, while the most negative effect was associated with people's fear of getting sick. Additionally, users believed that social media could be a source of anxiety for people in the community.Conclusion: The use of social media has significantly increased since the appearance of COVID-19, and users' views suggest that it has both positive and negative effects. To increase the effectiveness of social media, accurate information rather than rumors should be disseminated.

Research on Innovative Dissemination Models of Nantong’s Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Big Data

Intangible cultural heritage is a product of human society’s spiritual civilization and a precious wealth left by history, carrying the wisdom of mankind and the civilization and splendour of human history. Nowadays, in the era of the development of cultural diversity, with the rise of a new generation of technologies such as Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, the audience of cultural heritage breaks the limitations of time and space, while the means and paths for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage are becoming richer and richer. By summarizing the connotations and characteristics of intangible heritage, sorting out the changes and developments in its transmission methods, analyzing the opportunities for the dissemination of intangible heritage in the digital age, examining the challenges faced by Nantong’s intangible cultural heritage in its dissemination, and combining current hot topics, this study proposes new paths for the dissemination of intangible heritage in the digital era in Nantong. The aim is to achieve efficient and widespread transmission from multiple angles, providing new ideas for cultural construction and cultural identification.

Evaluation of the causes and diagnosis of acute hepatitis in children admitted to Tabriz Children Hospital

Introduction: The hepatotropic viruses are the most common causes of hepatitis worldwide; however, other infectious and non-infectious reasons can play a role in disease progress. In this study, we examined the infectious and non-infectious causes, and diagnoses of clinical signs of acute hepatitis in children admitted to Tabriz Children Hospital. Methods: In this study, the files of the children hospitalized between 2006 and 2016 with acute viral and non-viral clinical signs were extracted in Tabriz Children Hospital and patients’ information including age, sex, place of residence, type of disease, and their recovery status were investigated. Results: Of all patients, 62 were boys (48.4%) and the mean age of the hospitalized children was 6.92±0.46 years. The most common cause was hepatitis A, followed by autoimmune hepatitis. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, and place of residence with diagnosis, but there was a significant relationship between diagnosis and hepatitis type. Conclusion: The most common type of hepatitis in our study was hepatitis A, and according to its method of transmission, observing health tips is of high significance. Based on the obtained results, autoimmune hepatitis is chronic and requires long-term follow-up.

One-way thermomagnetic simulation of magnetic coupling in natural gas pressure energy utilization

ABSTRACT Magnetic coupling is an approach employed to prevent gas leakage by transforming the dynamic seal into a non-contact static seal for the recovery of natural gas pressure energy. The impact of thermal demagnetization necessitates the consideration of the heat dissipation characteristics resulting from eddy current losses in the rotating magnetic field. We performed a numerical study of thermal-magnetic coupling in a magnetic transmission validated by experimental results. The Maxwell software was utilized to simulate the distribution characteristics of induced current, while the Fluent software was employed to analyze the dissipation of heat caused by eddy currents. The obtained simulation results reveal a proportional increase in induced current and eddy current losses with the rotation speed. Also, the eddy current losses increase together with the thickness of the isolation cover, since more volume of the conducting media is affected by the eddy currents. Furthermore, reducing the electrical conductivities of the isolation cover and enhancing the internal flow rates can effectively decrease the temperature of the magnetic coupling and mitigate thermal demagnetization. These research findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of non-contact transmission methods, ultimately enhancing the safety of natural gas top-pressure energy recovery equipment.

Correlation of pre-existing comorbidities with disease severity in individuals infected with SARS-COV-2 virus.

Shortly after the first publication on the new disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), studies on the causal consequences of this disease began to emerge, initially focusing only on transmission methods, and later on its consequences analyzed in terms of gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities. The aim of our research is to determine which comorbidities have the greatest negative impact on the worsening of the disease, namely which comorbidities indicate a predisposition to severe Covid-19, and to understand the gender and age representation of participants and comorbidities. The results of our study show that the dominant gender is male at 54.4% and the age of 65 and older. The most common comorbidities are arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. The dominant group is recovered participants aged 65 and older, with comorbidities most frequently present in this group. The highest correlation between patients with different severity of the disease was found with cardiovascular diseases, while the coefficient is slightly lower for the relationship between patients with different disease severity and urinary system diseases and hypertension. According to the regression analysis results, we showed that urinary system diseases have the greatest negative impact on the worsening of Covid-19, with the tested coefficient b being statistically significant as it is 0.030 < 0.05. An increase in cardiovascular diseases affects the worsening of Covid-19, with the tested coefficient b being statistically significant as it is 0.030 < 0.05. When it comes to arterial hypertension, it has a small impact on the worsening of Covid-19, but its tested coefficient b is not statistically significant as it is 0.169 > 0.05. The same applies to diabetes mellitus, which also has a small impact on the worsening of Covid-19, but its tested coefficient b is not statistically significant as it is 0.336 > 0.05. Our study has shown that comorbidities such as urinary system diseases and cardiovascular diseases tend to have a negative impact on Covid-19, leading to a poor outcome resulting in death, while diabetes mellitus and hypertension have an impact but without statistical significance.

How Chaos Theory Brings Order to the Evolution of Intelligence

This study investigates links between human evolution, information transmission processes, and Chaos Theory, revealing a mathematical pattern underlying evolutionary milestones. By examining the timing of new methods of information transmission, the research confirms a suspected correlation with the Feigenbaum constant δ, a universal factor in Chaos Theory and also found in complex systems. This pattern is prominent in cultural evolution but also extends to biological evolution, as well as to the evolution of written language, suggesting a predictable framework for understanding the progression of complexity in life. The study incorporates findings from various disciplines, including cognitive science, archaeology, and nonlinear dynamics, providing evidence that our development, while it may be random in most aspects, is deterministic in the way complexity grows steadily and evolves information transmission of increasing sophistication. This multidisciplinary approach offers new insights into the links between chaos, complexity, and information, and their role in driving the evolution of intelligent life.

A Survey of the Mechanisms Impairing Optical fiber communications performance

The growth of information technology and Internet networks, combined with nearly daily use and many subscribers, has caused the volume of data stored in communication systems to balloon to enormous proportions. Optical fiber cable is the medium for data transfer because it has a bandwidth far more significant than other transmission methods and can span significantly greater distances. The transmission of information from one location to another can be accomplished via a technique known as fiber-optic communication. This involves passing pulses of light over an optical fiber. Optical fiber performance is affected by many effects, including attenuation, dispersion, scattering, and bending. It is feasible to enhance the performance of optical fibers for communications by utilizing carbon nanotubes and multiple coding technologies. This can be accomplished via integrated optical circuits or by making the cable more advanced and developing it further. Photosynthesis is accomplished by utilizing carbon tubes and the optical property inside them.

Real-Time Telerobotic Manipulator Control Using Hand Gestures

Control of Objects from a remote distance became an important factor for mankind about decades ago. Since then there has been a tremendous amount of improvements in the field of remote control. Once the “Internet of Things(IoT)” had been introduced, remote control technology across various applications has also opted for this method of data transmission from device to device over the internet. Through this work, a new way of controlling a robotic arm that can mimic/repeat human hand gestures and operate in a remote location through the use of IoT technology is proposed. The robotic arm design involves generative designing for weight reduction over a five end-effector model for cost and weight reduction purposes, also for the cause of hand gesture recognition a Neural Network has been trained and implemented behind an application that has been completely programmed in python. As compared to traditional methods of controlling a robotic arm the proposed method provides better cost efficiency, data transmission, data collection, and accessibility due to the abundant availability of computers, and adaptability towards the growing technology.