Greek Translation Research Articles

Angel

Angels are a common motif in the World, and in the West. Not just in religion (and, by extension, philosophy), but also in art and its myriad expressions. There are many ways to imagine (that is, to make an image of) angels, and their etymology is just as varied. For instance, in the Greek translation of the Hebrew mal’akh, it means “shadow of God,” which sounds a bit ominous. Angels can often be understood as representative of various religions’ ethical principles, a moral symbol par excellence; and yet still others may fall from grace for their transgressions. While they are not always all called “angels,” celestial beings who act as contact points between God(s) and humans appear frequently in many different theologies and mythologies around the world. In the Qur'an, for example, Allah sends angels, who are described as having many pairs of wings, as messengers. The Bible, of course, references various angels as well. There is no one way an angel can be depicted. Fierce, kind, with many wings, or none at all. This particular piece focuses more on the angel’s expression. The expression is aloof. The piece is sketchy, loose, like our translations or ideas of angels.

Greek translation and cultural adaptation of the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment: A nutritional assessment tool suitable for cancer patients.

Patients with cancer frequently present with disease-related malnutrition and functional decline. The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©) is a malnutrition screening and assessment tool commonly used in patients with cancer. The aim of the current study was to translate and culturally adapt the original English PG-SGA for the Greek setting, including assessment of comprehensibility, difficulty and content validity in patients and healthcare professionals. Our study was conducted according to the ten steps of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Principles of Good Practice for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Comprehensibility and difficulty of the Greek translation were assessed in 100 patients and 100 healthcare professionals (HCPs) from Greece. Content validity of the translation was assessed among HCPs. Item and scale indices were calculated for comprehensibility (I-CI; S-CI), difficulty (I-DI; S-DI), and content validity (I-CVI; S-CVI). Patient perceived comprehensibility and difficulty of the PG-SGA were considered to be excellent (S-CI=0.97, S-DI=0.97). HCPs perceived content validity for the patient component was also excellent (S-CVI=0.95). The perceived content validity, comprehensibility and difficulty for the professional component of the PG-SGA, as perceived by the HCPs, was excellent (S-CVI=0.94, S-CI=0.94, S-DI=0.90), with the physical exam being perceived as most difficult (I-DI=0.78-0.92). Our study resulted in the successful translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English PG-SGA for the Greek setting. The Greek language version of the PG-SGA is characterized by high comprehensibility, low difficulty, and is considered relevant for use in Greece.

Personal and general belief in a just world and self-esteem in primary school students

According to the just world theory, individuals have the need to believe that the world is a fair and predictable place where good things happen to “good” people and bad things happen to “bad” people. Previous research on this theory has focused mainly on students of secondary education and higher education. The current study examines personal (PBJW) and general (GBJW) belief in a just world in 292 fifth and sixth-grade primary school students (Mage = 10.98, SD = 0.74) in Greece. It also investigates the effect of other demographic variables, such as grade, gender, and place of residence on self-esteem. Lastly, it explores the contribution of PBJW and GBJW to self-esteem. Students completed the Greek translation of the scales of General and Personal Belief in a Just World as well as a Self-Esteem Scale. The results indicated that students more strongly endorse PBJW than GBJW. Also, PBJW and children’s place of residence significantly predict self-esteem, indicating that the more the students feel they are treated fairly, the better their level of self-esteem.

Translation and Validation of the Greek Version of the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ)

IntroductionSexual dysfunction in patients with psychoses may be associated with the psychiatric illness itself (negative symptoms, such as apathy, and avolition), comorbid somatic health, psychosocial factors (stigmatization, discrimination), and the use of psychotropic drugs. In Greece, research into the study of antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction is not sufficient.AimThis study was conducted to translate and validate the Greek version of the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ) in a sample of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment.MethodsA “forward-backward translation” method was applied. A pilot study was conducted with 15 outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder under antipsychotics treatment. Patients also completed the “Subjects’ Response to Antipsychotics (SRA)” questionnaire in order to assess the validity of the ASFQ. The ASFQ and the SRA questionnaire were completed twice within 2 weeks.Main outcome measuresReliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity were assessed.ResultsThe Greek translation of ASFQ was reliable, with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.90 for men and 0.95 for women in both measurements). In addition, the Spearman correlation coefficient was 1 (P< .001) in all Likert-type questions in both assessments. Finally, Spearman correlation coefficients between ASFQ and SRA were moderately positive to strongly positive (between 0.25 and 1) in both assessments, demonstrating moderate to high validity.ConclusionsThe Greek version of the ASFQ has proved to be a reliable and valid clinical instrument, hence it can be used in further studies in the Greek population. Angelaki M, Galanis P, Igoumenou A, et al. Translation and Validation of the Greek Version of the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ). J Sex Med 2021;9:100334.

Опыт применения корпусных методов при изучении метафоры (на материале библейского «корпуса Иоанна»)

This article deals with the application of corpus research methods in metaphorology. The authors evaluate the perspectives of corpus instruments in the context of cognitive linguistics and pedagogy. The authorы present the development of an algorithm for complex analysis of metaphor, including the stages of identification, interpretation and translation of metaphorical statements, as well as identifying their connection with the conceptual bases of thinking. The results of comparative analysis of the implementation of paternity metaphor in the Ancient Greek original and translations into English and Russian of John’s Corpus are presented. The authors have shown that the key words identified by the corpus analysis are representatives of conceptual metaphors determining the author's word usage. A classification of translation models by the criterion of preserving the word — concept connection is proposed. The prospects for adapting the algorithm for studying foreign language and special pedagogy are described separately.

Varying Means of Grammatical Parallelism in the Church Slavonic Translations of Psalms of the 11th–16th Centuries

As a metrically organized poetic text, the Psalter is built on the principle of substantive and formal parallelism of verses and stanzas in the Hebrew text as well as in Greek and Church Slavonic translations. In the article, based on the material of Slavic translations of different times (from the Sinai Psalter of the 11 th century to the Psalter of 1552 by Maximus the Greek), cases of assimilation / dissimilation of grammatical forms in parallel text structures are considered. The variability which arises in the process of dissimilation has neither genetic (South Slavonic vs East Slavonic, archaic vs new, standard vs non-standard forms), nor functional (literary vs non-literary forms), but rhetorical nature of stylistic variation, conditioned by the structure of the text. The analysis revealed that in early Slavonic psalter redactions the choice and the number of variable grammatical forms are limited; the texts of the 16 th century, namely the Psalms of 1552 translated by Maximus the Greek, are particularly characterized by stylistic grammatical variability, concerning the most different forms (from the substantive Gen. and Dat. cases to the aorist and perfect in the 3 rd person). The examined cases of the dissimilated grammatical forms in parallel contexts of the Psalter are supported by some original Maximus the Greek's works, so that these forms should be considered as stylistic variants of the literary Church Slavonic language.

Assessment of teacher instructional and behavior management practices in Greek elementary schools: An initial investigation

ABSTRACT Extensive research has been conducted on teachers’ classroom practices, particularly instructional and behavior management practices that are linked to students’ learning. However, research on teaching practices in Greece is very limited due to the unavailability of valid, and reliable assessments. To support teachers’ evaluation and professional development in Greece, valid assessments that measure teachers’ classroom practice and capture teachers’ strengths, and areas in need of improvement are urgently needed. The current study presents the Greek translation and initial validation of the Classroom Strategy Assessment System (CSAS), a multi-rater, multi-source observational assessment of teachers’ evidence-based instructional and behavior management strategies. Trained school administrators observed 31 elementary school teachers (age range of students 6–12 years), three times each for 30 minutes in Greek Language Arts and mathematics lessons. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and interobserver reliability of the translated Greek CSAS were examined. Results revealed strong internal consistency, adequate test-retest, and interobserver reliability, and support the use of the CSAS in Greek classrooms. Overall, findings indicate that Greek teachers were rated as utilizing evidence-based classroom practices, but rates for some practices were lower than recommended by the literature. Implications for research and professional development are discussed.

The Tyrian King in MT and LXX Ezekiel 28:12b–15

The biblical prophecy in Ezekiel 28:11–19 records a dirge against the king from Tyre. While the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) identifies the monarch as a cherub, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) distinguishes the royal from the cherub. Scholarly debates arise as to which edition represents the more original version of the prophecy. This article aims to contribute to the debates by adopting a text-critical approach to the two variant literary editions of the dirge, comparing and analyzing their differences, while incorporating insights gleaned from the extra-biblical literature originating from the ancient Near East, Second Temple Period, and Late Antiquity. The study reaches the conclusion that the current MT, with its presentation of a fluid boundary between the mortal and divine, likely builds on a more ancient interpretation of the Tyrian king. On the other hand, while the Hebrew Vorlage of LXX Ezekiel 28:12b–15 resembles the Hebrew text of the MT, the Greek translator modifies the text via literary allusions and syntactical rearrangement, so that the final result represents a later reception that suppresses any hints at the divinity of the Tyrian ruler. The result will contribute to our understanding of the historical development of the ancient Israelite religion.

The Text of Jeremiah: Re-Examining the Evidence from Kings

Abstract Jeremiah 52 largely parallels 2 Kgs 25, and Jer 40–43 contains various sentences that are also found in 2 Kgs 25:22–26. The present article compares these parallel texts, in order to determine the relationship between the Masoretic text of Jeremiah and the book’s Old Greek translation. It concludes that this relationship is complex, but that the agreements between the Greek text of Jeremiah and the Hebrew text of Kings support the view that the Old Greek of Jeremiah reflects an early Hebrew version of the book.

Evaluating the Francis Scale of Attitudes Towards Christianity (FSATC) and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ) in the Greek Orthodox context

ABSTRACT Previously, very little research has been undertaken regarding which religiosity scales better fit the Greek Orthodox context. The aim of the present study was to examine the internal reliability and the convergent validity of the Greek translations of two different religiosity scales, (a) the Francis Scale of Attitudes Towards Christianity (FSATC) and (b) the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Scale (SCSRFQ). In this study, Greek Orthodox students (N = 317) completed a survey that included both scales. Results showed that the SCSRFQ is a better fit for the Greek Orthodox context, whereas FSATC translation needed to be better calibrated. As a result, three items from the FSATC were omitted in order to meet validity and reliability standards. Recommendations include specific questions modification for the FSATC in order to be better oriented to the Greek Orthodox religious context and to be used in further research.

Translating RDA Reference in Greek: Reflections on the Project

This paper presents and reports on the ongoing project of the Greek translation of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) Reference as pursued by its author. It discusses the first outcomes of the effort during the four-year period from 2016-2020. It focuses on the steps followed; the procedures and various technical issues; as well as the knowledge, expertise, and skills gained by the liaison-translator as the project evolved. It aims to contribute to RDA-related documentation as implemented in the case of the Greek translation of the RDA vocabularies and to encourage greater involvement by and within the Greek library and information science sector.

Greek Translation, Content Validity, Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability of Swimming with Independent Measure (SWIM) Assessment Test for People with Disabilities Based on Halliwick Concept

Objectives: Halliwick-based hydrotherapy has become one of the most widespread approaches in the water environment for people with disabilities. The Swimming with Independent Measure (SWIM) test was developed by Peackok (1993) based on the need to create specific aquatic assessment tests for people with disabilities. The purpose of our study was its translation into Greek language and the investigation of its metric properties. Methods: A total of 40 children with cerebral palsy aged on average 7.36 years participated in the study: 20 children with GMFCS 1 - 5 and cognitive limitations, and 20 children with GMFCS 1 - 4 without cognitive limitations. Two physiotherapists with extensive experience in hydrotherapy and Halliwick philosophy participated in the test-retest and inter-rater reliability and validity assessment. Results: The test-retest and inter-rater reliability for the overall score was found to be high (ICC = 0.99). In terms of validity, a positive correlation was found between SWIM and GMFM (r = 0.59). Conclusions: The Greek translation of the SWIM test was found to be highly reliable for assessing mental adaptation and functionality in the aquatic environment for children with disabilities, so it is recommended to professionals.

Un milenio de textos grecolatinos relativos a las Islas Canarias

"Text, translation, and brief commentary of Greek and Latin passages, written throughout a millennium, regarding the Canary Islands, from the myth to the geographical reality, their several names and location in the map of the world known at that time."

Історіографія досліджень образного порівняння: доба Середньовіччя

The article deals with the study of medieval concepts of simile in both Western and Eastern traditions. It highlights the transition from the classical fundamentals to their medieval interpretation in the European specialized literature, as well as rather independent research of this category outside Europe. The correlation of terminology of different epochs is established and the dependence of scientific thought on the historical stage of society development is outlined. The paper demonstrates that the explorations of ancient philosophers, logicians, orators, and writers determined the vectors of further research in which initial ideas were partially reconsidered in the Middle Ages. It is shown that in the early Middle Ages, almost all European research is conducted in Latin, and different types of simile are named by the transliterated Aristotelian terms “icon”, “parabola” and “paradigm”, the latter of which he himself never connected with the first two. All of them were thought to form the newly introduced concept of “homoeosis”, which actually corresponds to simile. In Western European works (at least in the Anglo-Saxon ones) simile acquires a sacred origin in the Middle Ages and becomes one of the profound methods of Christian enlightenment. It is perceived as one of the main ways in which God communicates with people. Medieval attempts to organize the figures of speech and tropes associated with figurativeness into a hierarchical paradigm, which were made in Western Europe and Kyiv Rus`, are generally characterized as quite successful and effective because at this stage the commonality of the essence of “icon” and “parabola” is recognized. The paper proves that since simile was seen as a rhetorical figure, the interest in it was limited to specific practical tasks related to the art of eloquence and, to a lesser extent, artistic style. The content, scope and hierarchy of terms for its designation vary depending on the authors of the books on rhetoric, reflecting the nuances of translation of ancient Greek and Latin texts, the development of linguistic thought, as well as deepening the analysis of ancient Greek and Roman studies. The difference in approaches to the study of simile is clearly noticeable at such an early stage: European (Western) tradition is more focused on the functional and semantic content of the phenomenon for both poetic and purely practical, as well as religious purposes, while the Eastern tradition focuses on structural variety of ways of poetry decoration. These two directions developed independently, and only one of them (the first one) became the foundation for the active study of simile in the Renaissance period.

The Reconstruction of Russian Prototype of Greek Life of Saint Metrophanes of Voronezh

The article presents a reconstruction of the Russian Life of Saint Metrophanes of Voronezh which became the basis for a Greek translation made at Athos. Saint Metrophanes, a famous fellow-champion of Emperor Peter the Great, died in 1703 and was canonized in 1832. The manuscript of the Life was has been recently discovered in the archives of the Russian Saint Panteleimon monastery on Athos and introduced into academic use. The author and copyist of the text was the Athos monk Iakobos Neasketiotes. “The Athonias” has survived in four manuscript copies, all of them autographs of Iakobos Neasketiotes, which are preserved in the archives of Athonite monasteries, namely the Skete of Saint Anna and the Saint Panteleemon and Vatopedi monasteries. They are dated to the years 1848, 1855, 1860 and 1865.

Adaptation of "Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire" (NMRQ) in Greek. A reliability and validity study in an epidemiological Greek sample

Introduction: ‘Psychological Resilience’ is one of the key elements in human behavior that interplays with stress in mental disorders and physical illnesses in both healthy and unhealthy populations, regardless of their biopsychosocial background. Therefore, a reliable and valid resilience questionnaire for clinical and research use is of great necessity.Aim: Hence, the present study was conducted in order for the original English version of ‘Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire’ (NMRQ) to be adapted in the Greek population.Methods &amp; Materials: The original English NMRQ consists of 12 items measuring resilience. It is a self-reported questionnaire, while each respective item is measured through a 5-Likert scale point system. The design of the study was developed to firstly translate the original English questionnaire in Greek, and secondly to test the new version upon its ‘item consistency’, ‘internal correlation’, ‘internal consistency’, ‘consistency validity’, and finally perform a ‘factor analysis’ after recruiting a Greek sample.Results: The results show 80% validity (Cronbach’s alpha=.800) of the new Greek version. The number of participants (N= 1,158) provided to the study an ‘a priori’ odds ratio of 1.274, a critical z of 1.6448 and an actual power of 95%. The Greek translation was considered accurate, while the new version maintained a good item consistency.Conclusion: It is proposed that the Greek version of NMRQ may be adapted in the Greek population in clinical and research related to resilience and stress, as well as for any future studies to test-retest its validity and reliability.

Die lykische ?ni mahanahi: griechisch, luwisch oder ,anatolisch'

The Lycian designation ẽni mahanahi has no Bronze Age Luwian predecessor, contrary to what is often supposed: This belief is based upon a misunderstanding. There is also no connection between this goddess and the Old Phrygian goddess called matar (kubileya), becoming later the Greek Kybele and the Roman Magna Mater, and the habit of speaking of an ‘Anatolian’ mother goddess is based on a false precondition, because Anatolia (or Asia Minor) was never a linguistic or cultural unity. Ẽni mahanahi could theoretically be a translation of Greek μήτηρ ϑeῶν, ‘mother of the gods’, but if, following mention of Trqqas, the Lycian weather god, in an inscription from Tlos, the words ẽni maha]nahi are to be restored, then an identification with the Greek Leto is still plausible. This goddess is probably attested in Lycia first by the Greek inscriptions of the dynast Erbbina around 400 BC, but may well have been imported significantly earlier.

Josephus’s Knowledge of Scripture

Abstract Scholars have long debated whether Josephus learned Scripture while he was in Jerusalem or only once he got to Rome. The question intersects with, and is hard to answer without, a more general assessment of language use and the education of the (priestly) elite in Jerusalem at that time. This paper argues that Josephus knew little Hebrew and never learned to read Scripture in the original; he was, in this respect, typical of the Jewish elite. His introduction to written Scripture was in its Greek translation, in Rome.

Translating Anger

Abstract What particularities can be observed in the translation of notions of “anger” from the Hebrew to the Greek language, from a Semitic to a Hellenistic culture? This question is examined in an exemplary manner with reference to the oldest sapiential book of the Hebrew Bible, the Book of Proverbs, and its Greek translation in the Septuagint, since ProvLXX is a particularly free, receptor language oriented translation. Four tendencies can be detected in the LXX-translation of this basic emotion: the tendencies to theologization, to ethicization, to psychologization and, most clearly, the tendency to politicization.

Navigating a Multisemiotic Labyrinth: Reflections on the Translation of Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves

Multimodal literature is not a new phenomenon. However, thanks to today’s technological advances, authors are further enabled to orchestrate and blend various available modes and resources to achieve cohesion and coherence within highly complex texts. By looking at the intersection of semiotics and translation studies, this paper focuses on the Greek translation of Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves. This novel incorporates multimodal and ergodic features that contribute to meaning creation and engage readers physically and mentally. In such a context, a literary translator has to traverse not only linguistic and cultural boundaries, but other modes and media employed for representation and meaning production, as well. Thus, one wonders whether the translator has to adopt new strategies when translating a multisemiotic text. Is the translation part of meaning-making? In an age of a plethora of means and forms of expression, what constitutes writing and reading, and by extension translation, is challenged, and literary texts –now often multimodal semiotic ensembles– invite all parties involved in an interpretive game. Through the prism of multimodal social semiotics, translation, and literary studies, and with a focus on their interaction and interconnectedness, this paper attempts to explore the new practices and forms of literary translation and the impact of the use of semiotic resources as meaning-making tools on the translation decisions made and the role of the translator. Is multimodal literacy just the tip of the iceberg of the changes brought to the field of translation studies?