Translation Issues Research Articles

Linguistic gaps in focus: comparative aspect of Ukrainian and German languages

The article is devoted to one of the most topical issues in translation studies, as evidenced by the increased interest of many linguists in it – the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary in German. The concepts of “lacuna” and “non-equivalent vocabulary” are defined with due regard to the works of many scholars. At the same time, it is noted that there is no unanimity in linguistics on this issue. Different scholars interpret the terms “non-equivalent vocabulary” and “lacuna” in different ways. A working definition has been generated according to which non-equivalent vocabulary is the concepts, objects and phenomena that exist in the source language and have neither partial nor full equivalents in the target language. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of lacunae translation in Ukrainian and German, translation issues are considered, and it is emphasised that translation theory is aimed at the fullest reproduction of the original in a foreign language environment.

On Translation of Artificial Intelligence Terms: A Study of the Manual “Make Your Own Neural Network” by T. Rashid

The article is devoted to the issue of translation of artificial intelligence terms. The manual “Make Your Own Neural Network” by T. Rashid, which describes in detail the process of creating a neural network, its design and functioning, was chosen as the material for analysis due to the accessibility of the information for a non-specialist in this field. Artificial intelligence is a rapidly developing field, and therefore the terminological f ield of this science is also expanding and diversifying. One of the distinctive features of artificial intelligence as a scientific field is its cross-disciplinary nature as it deals with mathematics, physics, robotics as well as biology and medicine. The terms were divided into two major groups: terms directly related to the field of artificial intelligence and terms borrowed from adjacent fields. The terms were then categorized according to whether they had one, two or more equivalents or no equivalents in order to identify the pattern of equivalence in the target language and the difficulties encountered when the required variant was not available. Often, due to the novelty of AI terms, the translator does not find an equivalent in the target language and therefore resorts to calque, transliteration, transcription or their hybrid. In this article, the author suggests the variants of translation of the terms that have caused the greatest difficulty in translation, which, in our opinion, will better meet the requirements of the term as a lexical unit.

Hate Speech Automatic Detection

This study offers a system studying-primarily based absolutely device for automated hate speech detection in textual content the usage of natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. fashions like Logistic Regression and deep mastering algorithms (LSTM, BERT) are educated on classified datasets with features extracted via TF-IDF. The system evaluates overall overall performance using metrics together with accuracy, precision, keep in mind, and F1-score. A multilingual translation issue powered with the aid of Google Translator enables detection across languages. A Tkinter-based totally GUI allows clients to categorise remarks in actual-time, making sure accessibility and simplicity of use. elegance imbalances are addressed with weighted Logistic Regression, improving detection accuracy. The gadget demonstrates strong overall performance, promoting greater communities with the resource of offering an inexperienced device for computerized hate speech moderation.

The Pragmatics of Translation: Challenges, Techniques, and Innovations

This article examines the challenges and considerations involved in translating British oral folklore into the Azerbaijani language. It explores the unique linguistic, cultural, and stylistic features of oral literature that pose difficulties for translators. By analyzing examples of British oral folklore, the study identifies common translation issues, such as preserving cultural nuances, metaphorical language, and idiomatic expressions, while ensuring accessibility for Azerbaijani readers. The research highlights the importance of cultural adaptation and linguistic equivalence in maintaining the integrity of folklore during the translation process. Furthermore, the article discusses strategies and techniques that translators can employ to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the critical role of translators as cultural mediators. This study contributes to the broader discourse on literary translation by offering insights into the complexities of rendering oral literature across languages.

Challenges of Translating Figurative Language in ‘How Far I’ll Go’: Translatability vs. Untranslatability

Translatability and untranslatability have been significant issues in song translation, particularly regarding figurative expressions. The present study aims to investigate the translatability and untranslatability of figurative language found in the song lyric “How Far I’ll Go” and its translated version, “Seb’rapa Jauh Ku Melangkah”. It also examines the translation techniques employed by the translator to address these issues. This qualitative study was conducted in the light of Kennedy’s (1979) classification of figurative language and the application of Molina & Albir’s (2002) translation techniques. The finding of the study revealed two types of figurative language translation: translatability and untranslatability. Translatability was found in the translation of personification and hyperbole, while untranslatability was found in the translation of lyrics featuring alliteration, symbolism, and assonance. To address these translation challenges, the translator employs several techniques: particularization, amplification, and reduction were used to translate the personification and hyperbole. In contrast, amplification and particularization were applied to tackle the untranslatability present in alliteration, symbolism, and assonance. The untranslatability issue arises due to several factors: linguistic and cultural untranslatability, that can result in meanings from the source language being not equivalent or are unknown in the target language. To address untranslatability, the translator often needs to make creative decisions to capture the core meaning and message of the source text while considering the linguistics, cultural, and stylistic context of the target text. Song translation is a complex process that involves more than just the ability to transfer meaning, but also creativity and cultural sensitivity.

The Pseudo-Slavic Realia in Pseudo-Ethnic Fantasy: The Issues of Translation into the Russian Language

To date, the traditional fantasy genre that has its roots in European folklore is transforming as authors seek new, fresh mythological foundations and exotic forms of narration. In an attempt to conquer foreign markets, some of them deploy Slavic mythology and embed words of Slavic origin to create their magical worlds. However, the resulting product is often a Pan-Slavic fantasy universe that refers to no specific culture. In this research, 'pseudo-ethnics' denotes an exotic atmosphere created by words associated with a broad linguacultural cluster. The object of the study was the vocabulary used to denote pseudo-Slavic realities in the novel Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo and its film adaptation, as well as the translation techniques employed by the Russian translators. Leigh Bardugo used pseudo-Russian anthroponyms, toponyms and words that denote everyday objects and magical creatures. They represent Latinized Russian borrowings and seemingly authentic neologisms that deploy some morphological and phonetic language features an English-speaking reader might associate with the Slavic culture. However, when translated for an audience with a Slavic ethnic background, the pseudo-ethnic fantasy book or film loses its exotic flavor. The translation techniques for Latinized Russian words conveying the pseudo-ethnic atmosphere are de-transliteration and de-transcription. As part of the translation, translators had to adhere to the grammar rules of the Russian language and eliminate grammatical errors in parts of speech or gender.

Axon regeneration: an issue of translation.

Axon regeneration: an issue of translation.

The Dissemination of Dream of the Red Chamber Overseas through an Aesthetic Reception Lens

This essay considers the spread and reception of Dream of the Red Chamber in the West through the theory of aesthetic reception. Though it was originally read with wonder and Orientalist suspicion, its Western reception has progressed through increasing exposure to Chinese culture and literature, gaining an appreciation of its thematic and cultural depth. In its conception, aesthetic reception theory, developed by Hans Robert Jauss, emphasises the openness of reading, even when texts traverse linguistic and cultural borders. The paper covers translation issues confronting Dream of the Red Chamber translators, such as interpreting culturally distinctive symbols, reusing narrative conventions, and conveying Confucian, Daoist and Buddhist philosophical concepts. By investigating choices in translation and their effect on reception, the paper illustrates how cultural translation turns the text around for Western readers, turning Dream of the Red Chamber from an exotic object into a world literature classic. If it takes account of the significance of cultural exchange in translation, this research offers a glimpse of the future of Chinese literatures global influence.

Non-Finite Forms in Translation

Abstract English non-finite forms (gerunds, participles, infinitives) are reduced clauses mostly without straightforward equivalents in Romanian, which often makes their translation problematic. Following this idea, the article investigates the translation strategies used to render -ing participial constructions in order to identify the range of syntactic patterns generated in Romanian, and possible translation issues. The study argues that two strategies dominate the picture (literal translation and compensation by splitting) and their selection generally depends on the type of participial construction they translate. The findings also support the view of explicitation as a universal translation strategy (Blum-Kulka 1986, Klaudy and Karoly 2005, Klaudy 2003, 2009, etc.).

ABOUT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS BETWEEN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

This scholarly inquiry delves into the intricate realm of phraseological expressions within the contemporary linguistic landscape, addressing their prominent status as a focal point of discussion among scholars. Esteemed researchers across the linguistic spectrum recognize phraseological units as significant lexical constructs, wherein the meaning of the entire expression surpasses the sum of its individual components. Considering the limited research in this area, the paper aims to explore the challenges in comparing phraseological units based on certain proverbs and sayings between English and Kazakh languages, emphasizing the need for a nuanced and contextually sensitive approach to enhance cross-cultural communication. This research undertakes a descriptive and comparative analysis of phraseological expressions in both English and Kazakh languages. By examining the similarities and differences between these fixed expressions, the study aims to shed light on the underlying structures, cultural influences, and semantic nuances inherent in these linguistic expressions. The scholarly significance of this work is defined by the focus it places on examining the effectiveness of the comparative approach used. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions that exist within phraseological units and stimulate additional study in the areas of phraseology and semantics in the languages under study. Focused on the complexities encountered during translation, the study highlights the practical significance of how phraseological units hold specific semantic values, often independent of their structural features. This paper is noteworthy because it has the potential to apply study findings to the field of literary translation, especially concerning relevant issues in Kazakh-English phraseological expression translation. The article concludes that phraseological combinations demonstrate an intriguing interplay between semantic independence and contextual boundaries, adding to the current conversation in linguistics and cross-cultural communication.

Diversified Research and Analysis of Machine Translation Models and the Development Prospects of Translation for Less-Commonly Spoken Language

This paper begins by addressing issues in machine translation, reviewing the current state of research on translation problems, and summarizing various mainstream machine translation models. It also analyzes the structural characteristics and advantages of each model. Based on the current research landscape, mainstream machine translation models generally underperform in scenarios involving less-commonly spoken languages. Therefore, future research needs to focus on breakthroughs in such scenarios. Preliminary findings from recent studies indicate that advanced techniques such as data augmentation, reinforcement learning, and transfer learning have significantly contributed to addressing these issues. Future research could integrate these theoretical approaches to further enhance the quality of machine translation.

Insights Into Novel Promising Drug Delivery System –Cryptosomes

Cryptosomes are a promising medication delivery mechanism that improves stability, bioavailability, and targeted administration of pharmaceuticals. These lipid-based nanocarriers can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines, making them useful for various therapeutic purposes. This review covers cryptosome features, preparation, and drug delivery applications, discussing lipid composition, surface modification, and encapsulation efficiency. Recent improvements have shown promise in improving medicinal efficacy and patient compliance. To accelerate bench-to-bedside translation, scale-up production, and regulatory issues are addressed. Cryptosomes are a promising drug delivery research frontier, with future research aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and eliminate side effects.

On the shortcut learning in multilingual neural machine translation

In this study, we revisit the commonly-cited off-target issue in multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT). By carefully designing experiments on different MNMT scenarios and models, we attribute the off-target issue to the overfitting of the shortcuts of (non-centric, centric) language mappings. Specifically, the learned shortcuts biases MNMT to mistakenly translate non-centric languages into the centric language instead of the expected non-centric language for zero-shot translation. Analyses on learning dynamics show that the shortcut learning generally occurs in the later stage of model training, and multilingual pretraining accelerates and aggravates the shortcut learning. Based on these observations, we propose a simple and effective training strategy to eliminate the shortcuts in MNMT models by leveraging the forgetting nature of model training. The only difference from the standard training is that we remove the training instances that may induce the shortcut learning in the later stage of model training. Without introducing any additional data and computational costs, our approach can consistently and significantly improve the zero-shot translation performance by alleviating the shortcut learning for different MNMT models and benchmarks.

Research on Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology’s Three-Dimensional Transformation Theory:

As a comprehensive medium that integrates visual, auditory, and narrative arts, film serves as a carrier for cultural transmission. In the context of rapid economic development and accelerated globalization, movies have become important vehicles for showcasing the cultural and historical richness of different countries. In recent years, Chinese films have emerged prolifically, gaining attention worldwide and not only providing entertainment for foreign audiences but also actively promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture and values globally (Fan Xiaodi, 2020). To help foreign viewers better understand Chinese films and foster cultural exchange and development among nations, this paper analyzes the subtitle translation of the film "The Wandering Earth" through the lens of ecological translation studies, applying the three-dimensional transformation theory. Additionally, the study explores potential issues in subtitle translation, such as free translation and cultural conflicts. By analyzing the subtitle translation of "The Wandering Earth," this paper underscores the importance of ecological translation perspectives in subtitle studies, which can enhance the international competitiveness and cultural recognition of Chinese films, while also providing insights into future directions for subtitle translation research.

Reflections and practices on key technical issues in the clinical translation of syndrome TCM new drugs

Reflections and practices on key technical issues in the clinical translation of syndrome TCM new drugs

An Introduction to the Difficulties in Translating Sacred Texts

Religious translation contributes significantly to the development of translation as a subject. In the field of religious translation, the most frequently translated documents are sacred texts since sacred texts are central to a religion. However, due to complicated and sensitive cultural elements sacred texts contain, the translating processes of any sacred texts are filled with difficulties. To produce more adequate translation of sacred texts, the potential difficulties are ought to be studied and understood. This article will introduce the major difficulties in translating sacred texts and, briefly discuss current methods utilized in sacred text translation, and provide suggestions. Contents will be provided in the following order: reasons for translating sacred texts (introduction), linguistic difficulties in the sacred text translation, religious issues in the sacred text translation, current translation method of the sacred text, and conclusion with suggestions on the potential methods of sacred text translation depending on a translation’s target audiences.

Exploring ethical issues in the Chinese translation of medical terms: The convergence of translation ethics and medical ethics

This article explores the ethical aspects of translating medical terminology into English, with a particular emphasis on the joint influence of medical ethics and translation ethics. This study identified four key issues in current translation practice through the analysis of various cases from the perspective of Chestermans five kinds of translation ethics, including representation ethics, service ethics, communication ethics, norm-based ethics, and commitment ethics. The four issues involve discrimination, superstition, contempt, and overgeneralization. These issues may hinder the provision of appropriate medical services and social acceptance by fueling social stigma, public misunderstandings, and negative perceptions of diseases. This study suggests that medical translation is not only about language conversion, but also involves considerations of cultural, ethical, and social factors. This article attempts to provide practical advice for medical translators and healthcare workers by combining medical ethics with translation ethics. It suggests that future research should prioritize interdisciplinary collaboration to improve ethical standards in medical translation and promote more accurate and respectful descriptions of diseases in different cultures.

Issues in Machine Translation with reference to the Story “Thakur ka kuan” by Munshi Premchand

This paper explores the issues encountered in machine translation, specifically using Google Translate, in translating Munshi Premchand's short story Thakur Ka Kuan ("Thakur's Well"). The study identifies key challenges, including the misinterpretation of cultural references, idiomatic expressions, and contextual meaning that are integral to Premchand's narrative style. Machine translation often produces literal translations that lack the nuance and emotional depth present in the original text, leading to misrepresentation of the story’s themes. For instance, socio-cultural terms and metaphors central to the story's message are frequently mistranslated or omitted entirely. The translation also struggles with maintaining consistency in tense and sentence structure, further diluting the narrative. This paper argues that while machine translation offers convenience for basic translations, it remains insufficient for complex literary works, where cultural, emotional, and contextual understanding is crucial. A comparative analysis with a human-translated version highlights these deficiencies and suggests that human input remains essential for accurate literary translations. The findings underscore the need for improved machine learning models to address these linguistic and cultural intricacies.

Applications of Novel Microscale and Nanoscale Materials for Theranostics: From Design to Clinical Translation.

The growing global prevalence of chronic diseases has highlighted the limitations of conventional drug delivery methods, which often suffer from non-specific distribution, systemic toxicity, and poor bioavailability. Microscale and nanoscale materials have emerged as innovative solutions, offering enhanced targeting, controlled release, and the convergence of therapeutic and diagnostic functions, referred to as theranostics. This review explores the design principles, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of various novel micro- and nanomaterials in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and infectious diseases. These materials enable real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses and facilitate precision medicine approaches. Additionally, this paper addresses the significant challenges hindering clinical translation, including biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and regulatory issues. Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate the potential of nanomaterials in theranostic applications, but further research is needed to overcome the barriers to widespread clinical adoption. This work aims to contribute to the acceleration of integrating nanomedicine into clinical practice, ultimately enhancing the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions.

Outbreak! Containing, Translating and Transmitting Biosecurity Grey Literature

ABSTRACT Biosecurity research focuses on invasive species. The dissemination of biosecurity research is hampered by three major issues. First, biosecurity research is not always published and can be difficult to access. Second, biosecurity participants ask questions in different ways, with terminology varying between participants and the research literature. Third, it is difficult to identify overlaps and gaps in the research literature, partly due to access and translation issues. The Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) is addressing these problems by developing The Biosecurity Risk Research Portal (Portal). In this paper, we discuss a system that extracts and transforms open-access grey literature research to meet domain-specific information needs. We discuss new controlled vocabularies that support metadata extraction. We show how controlled vocabularies and repository services may be co-developed, ensuring practitioner information needs are met responsively. The Portal connects metadata sources including government, industry and research institutions where open access to full text is available. We describe functional modules, including metadata extraction, metadata harmonisation, tagging and transformation of metadata into graph-shaped data ready for analytic applications. We introduce controlled vocabularies, including the Biosecurity Thesaurus. We discuss the inputs to new vocabularies such as corpus analysis, survey data and biosecurity frameworks.